Norwegian Oil and Gas Association, Recommended Guidelines for NDT of GRP pipe systems and

tanks
No.: 055

Date effective: 01.03.97

Revision no:

Date revised:

Page: 17

(Table 2.1, cont.'d:)

DEFECT TYPE

SPOOL / JOINT

DESCRIPTION

SUITABLE NDT TECHNIQUES

ANNEX

DEFECTS:

Material aging/
transformation

Brittleness
Strength/modulus changes
Softening/swelling

Visual inspection/Barcol
hardness

Material aging/depletion:
general
local

Breakdown of resin or fiber

strength and loss of material over
long time period,e.g. from
chemical exposure

Ultrasonics
Radiography
Pressure test
Acoustic emission

C
E
B
F

Deformation

Long-term change in
dimensions, i.e. creep

Visual inspection

Dimensional changes

Changes in dimensions resulting

from loads, deflections imposed
on system

Visual inspection

Blistering

Blisters forming under outer plies

of GRP laminate

Visual inspection

Fouling

Scale build-up
Marine growth

Visual inspection
Thermography
Radiography

A
D
E

Pit (Pinhole)

Small crater in the surface of the

laminate

Visual inspection
Acoustic emission

A
F

Chip

Small piece broken from edge or

surface.

Visual inspection
Acoustic emission

A
F

Chalking

Minor breakdown of outer

surface, e.g. from UV radiation

Visual inspection

Discoloring/Burn

Thermal decomposition,
distortion or discoloration of the
laminate surface

Visual inspection

Wear scratch

Shallow abrasion or marking of

laminate, e.g. from improper
handling, storage or
transportation

Visual inspection

Weld Sparks

Minor breakdown of outer surface

from close proximity welding

Visual inspection

Moisture ingress

Softening of matrix

Barcol hardness