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MICROBIANA
Vertebrados
>50.000
50 000
Aves
M f
Mamferos
Reptiles
Anfibios
Agnatos
Condrioticos
Osteicticos
Artrpodos
Insectos
Arcnidos
Crustceos
Equinodermos 6.000
Moluscos
60.000
Anlidos
12.000
Platelmintos
12.000
Nematodos
15.000
Cnidarios
9.500
Poriferos
7.000
9500
4400
7000
5000
100
1000
20000
800.000-950.000
80.000
40.000
Plantas
280.000
Hongos
Protoctistas
Procariotas
10.000
Angiospermas
Gimnospermas
B i fi
Briofitos
Pterofitos
Protozoos
Algas
Bacterias
Arqueas
240.000
1.000
20 000
20.000
12.000
60.000-70.000
40.000
40.000
R Rhodoseudomonas
hodopseudomons
palustris
Escherichia
Escherichia coli
Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima
DONDE NOS
ENCONTRAMOS?
Filogenia universal
16S/18S rRNA
Eucarya
Fungi
Animals
Plants
Archaea
Halobacteriaceae
Cyanobacteria
Bacteria
HISTONAS
TELMEROS
INTRONES
Algunas Arqueas
tienen intrones
DNA BASURA
MAYOR TAMAO
1 m
Euglena terricola
Lpez-Garca et al. Nature (2001)
RETCULO
ENDOPLASMTICO
MITOSIS
CITOESQUELETO
(Actina)
(Tubulina)
CENTRIOLOS
CLOROPLASTOS
M
Merezhkovsky,
hk
k 1905
Margulis, 1967
Wallin 1925
Wallin,
Autogenous
g
model
The nucleus evolved in an
archaeal-like lineage.
Mitochondria derive from a
bacterial endosymbiont.
Th model
The
d l off
Lake & Rivera 1994
Gupta & Golding 1996
One bacterium engulfs a
crenarchaeote ('eocyte'), a
member of the Archaea
Alphaproteobacterium
A Thermoplasma-like
archaeon established a
symbiosis with
spirochetes, acquiring
motility. Later on,
mitochondrial ancestors
Alphaproteobacterium becames endosymbionts
A viral origin
The eukaryotic nucleus
would be the result of the
infection of a protoeukaryotic lineage by a
complex virus
S0
H2S
organics
CO2
H
2
CH4
CO2
organics
Hydrogen hypothesis
CH4
CO2
Syntrophy hypothesis
A eukaryotic-like cenancestor
hydrogen-based symbiosis
between a H2-producing
myxobacterium and a
methanogenic archaeon.
Mitochondria derived from
methanotrophic
alphaproteobacteria
A nucleus-bearing
eukaryotic-like organism
would be ancestral. It
acquired mitochondria later
in evolution.
Alphaproteobacterium
Filogenia universal
16S/18S rRNA
Eucarya
Fungi
Animals
Plants
Archaea
Halobacteriaceae
Cyanobacteria
Bacteria
Amoebozoa
Plantae
Malawimonas
"Typical" amoeba
Mycetozoan slime moulds
Chromalveolates
Diplomonads
Excavates
Retortamonads
C
Carpediemonas
di
Parabasalia
Euglenozoa,
Heterolobosea
Oxymonads
Trimastix
Glaucocystophytes
Jacobids
Pelobionts + Entamoeba
Foraminifers
C
Cercozoa
Animals
Choanoflagellates
Ichtyosporea
Fungi (+ Microsporidia)
Nucleariid amoeba
Radiolaria
Centrohelid Heliozoa
Apusomonads
p
mitochondria
Opisthokonts
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Bacteria
Archaea
Rhizaria
En filogenia, un grupo es
monofiltico (del griego: de una
rama)) si todos los organismos
incluidos en l han evolucionado a
partir de un ancestro comn, y
todos los descendientes de ese
ancestro estn incluidos en el
grupo.
Por el contrario, un grupo que
contiene
ti
algunos
l
pero no todos
t d los
l
descendientes del ancestro comn
ms reciente se llama parafiltico,
y un grupo taxonmico que
contiene organismos pero carece
de un ancestro comn se llama
polifiltico.
Amoebozoa
Plantae
Malawimonas
"Typical" amoeba
Mycetozoan slime moulds
Chromalveolates
Diplomonads
Excavates
Retortamonads
C
Carpediemonas
di
Parabasalia
Euglenozoa,
Heterolobosea
Oxymonads
Trimastix
Glaucocystophytes
Jacobids
Pelobionts + Entamoeba
Foraminifers
C
Cercozoa
Animals
Choanoflagellates
Ichtyosporea
Fungi (+ Microsporidia)
Nucleariid amoeba
Radiolaria
Centrohelid Heliozoa
Apusomonads
p
mitochondria
Opisthokonts
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Bacteria
Archaea
Rhizaria
Diplomonads
Retortamonads
Excavates Carpediemonas
Parabasalia
Chromalveolates
Euglenozoa,
Heterolobosea
Amoebozoa
Plantae
Malawimonas
"Typical" amoeba
Mycetozoan slime moulds
Oxymonads
Trimastix
Glaucocystophytes
Jacobids
Pelobionts + Entamoeba
Foraminifers
Cercozoa
Animals
Choanoflagellates
O i th k t
Opisthokonts
Ichtyosporea
Fungi (+ Microsporidia)
Nucleariid amoeba
Rhizaria
Radiolaria
Centrohelid Heliozoa
Apusomonads
mitochondria
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Bacteria
Archaea
Stechmann & Cavalier-Smith, Curr Biol (2003)
PATRONES DE DISTRIBUCIN
DE LA DIVERSDAD BACTERIANA
EN SUELOS
La temperatura del
agua influye
i fl
sobre
b la
l
diversidad bacteriana