1

QUESTION 1 : CLIMATOLOGY
(a) Study the weather instruments in Figures 1A, B and C and answer the questions.
A

Alcohol

Vacuum
-20

45

-15

40

-10

35

-5

30

25

20

10

15

15

10

20

25

30

-5

35

-10

40

-15

45

-20

Alcohol
Metal
index

Cups

Mercury

Meter

C
-5

10

15

20

25

30

35

-5

10

15

20

25

30

35

degrees
centigrade

degrees
centigrade

Figure 1

Dry bulb

reading
C

Difference

30

93

86

79

73

67

61

55

25

92

84

77

70

63

57

50

20

91

83

74

66

59

51

44

Figure 2

(i) Give the minimum temperature on the instrument shown in Figure 1A.

(ii) What measuring unit is used to measure the aspect of wind in the
instrument in Figure 1B?
(1)

(iii) Identify the instrument shown in Figure 1C.

(1)

(iv) Calculate the difference between the two readings in Figure 1C.

(1)

(v) Use the answer in (iv) along with the hygrometric table in Figure 2 and
work out the relative humidity in percentage.
(1)

(1)

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(b) The weather data for Windhoek have been left out on a synoptic weather map.
Use the following weather data for Windhoek and draw a weather station model
on your answer sheet.

Cloud cover

2
8

Wind direction :

NW

Windspeed

5 knots

Precipitation

Rain, hail

(5)
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(c) Figure 3 shows a bergwind.

Cold
wind
Warm
east wind

Winds warm up
as they descend
the escarpment

Figure 3

(i) Give another name for a bergwind.

(1)

(ii) Describe in short how bergwinds occur.

(4)
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QUESTION 2 : ECOLOGY
(a) From the list below select the correct term to match each of the descriptions
(i) to (v). Write down only the correct term.

acid rain/ global warming/ carbon dioxide/ contour ploughing/ deforestation/

overgrazing / CFCs/ desertification/ overcrowding/ overpopulation

(i) The most important pollutant causing the breakdown of the ozone layer.

(ii) A gradual increase in the average global temperatures caused by

pollutant gases.
(1)

(iii) An example of good land management which prevents soil erosion.

(1)

(iv) The process by which more trees are cut down than can be replanted.

(1)

(v) When the population grows so fast that it cannot be sustained by the
natural resources of the country any more.
(1)

(1)

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(b) Study the flow diagram in Figure 4 and complete it by choosing the correct phrase
from the list below:

bare soil/ increased demand for food/ vegetation dies.

Population
increase

(i)

Overgrazing
Overcultivation

(iii)
Climate
change

Less rain

Desertification

(ii)

Figure 4

(3)

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(c) Study Figure 5 below and answer the questions that follow.
Several factors lead to desertification:
Increasing population
Extra food demanded

Nomads pushed into

marginal areas

Farming in marginal
areas with lower More firewood

yields
demanded

Overgrazing

Pests and diseases

wipe out
Less
unprotected
vegetation
crops

Drought
e.g. 1968-73
1983-4

Soil erosion

Desertification

Figure 5

(i) Briefly explain how drought can cause desertification.

(ii) Write down two ways in which population increase can cause
desertification.
(2)

(2)

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(d) Figure 6 shows one cause of deforestation.

Figure 6

(i) Identify the cause.

(ii) Suggest two solutions to this specific problem.

(1)

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QUESTION 3 : GEOMORPHOLOGY
(a) Write a short sentence or phrase to give the meaning of the following concepts:

(i) plate

(1)

(ii) subduction zone

(1)

(iii) volcanism

(1)

(iv) earthquake

(1)

(v) erosion

(1)
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(b) Study the diagram in Figure 7 below and answer the questions.
ANDES MOUNTAINS

PACIFIC
OCEAN

SOUTH
AMERICAN
PLATE

A
NAZCA PLATE (Oceanic crust)

(Continental
crust)

E
C

Mantle

Mantle

Figure 7

(i) Identify the type of plate boundary.

(1)

(ii) What do we call the zone at A?

(1)

(iii) What landform can be created on the ocean floor at B?

(1)

(iv) Explain how volcanoes are formed at this type of boundary.

(2)
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(c) Figure 8 shows a volcano. Study it and answer the questions.

B
A

Dyke feeding
conelet

Layers of volcanic ash and

lava

Lava flows
down

Magma
chamber

Continental crust
(bedrock)

Figure 8

(i) Identify the parts labelled A, B, C.

(3)

(ii) What problems can be caused by volcanic ash to people living nearby?

(2)
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QUESTION 4 : POPULATION GEOGRAPHY

(a) Give the correct concepts for each of the following phrases:

(i) The number of years a person is expected to live.

(1)

(ii) Immigration minus emigration.

(1)

(iii) Number of births in one year per thousand.

(1)

(iv) The number of babies who died before they reached their first year.

(1)

(v) The daily movement of people from one town to another and back.

(1)
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(b) Figure 9 below shows the growth of a population in stages. Study the model
and answer the question.

Birth and death rates

(per 1 000 people per year)

Stage 1

Stage 4

Stage 5

Death rate

20
10

Stage 3

Birth rate

40
30

Stage 2

Natural
increase

Total population

High stationary

Late expanding

Natural
decrease

Low stationary

Figure 9

(i) Give a suitable name for this model.

(1)

(ii) Give one reason why the death rate was so high in stage 1.

(1)

(iii) What is the name of stage 2?

(1)

(iv) What is happening to the population growth in stage 5? Explain why.

(2)

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(c) Study the population pyramid, Figure 10 and answer the questions.
80+
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4

MALE

Percentage

FEMALE

Figure 10

(i) Is this pyramid an example of a developed or a developing country?

Give a reason for your answer.
(2)

(ii) What percentage of the female population is between 5 and 9 years of

age?
(1)

(iii) Describe two problems which the country in Figure 10 may face as a
result of the age structure of the population pyramid.
(2)
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QUESTION 5
(a) Read the extract, Figure 11, and answer the questions.

Windhoek still reeling under

population influx
URBANISATION and the high number of
unemployed people flocking to Windhoek were
once again singled out as the major factors
straining the citys budget.
Chairperson of the Management Committee,
Dr Bjorn von Finckenstein, bemoaned the lack
of Central Government support for running the
capital.
Von Finckenstein said the continued growth
of the city, which now stands at nearly five
percent per annum, meant that the demand for
services had not let up over the past year.
He described the influx of people from the
rural areas as reaching critical proportions.
The high unemployment rate, he said, further
drained the citys limited resources to provide
housing and services to residents.
Figure 11

(i) What is meant by urbanisation?

(1)

(ii) From the extract give one reason why people leave the rural areas.

(1)

(iii) What is the growth rate of the city per annum?

(1)

(iv) Name the two major factors that strain the citys budget.

(2)
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(b) Study Figure 12, which shows information about HIV and AIDS in Southern Africa.

TANZANIA

Key:

MOZAMBIQUE

Adult rate of
HIV/AIDS infection

ZAMBIA
MALAWI

less than 10%

10.1 to 15%
15.1 to 20%

ZIMBABWE
NAMIBIA

BOTSWANA

20.1 to 25%

SWAZILAND

over 25%
LESOTHO
SOUTH AFRICA
0

400

800

1200 1600

km

Figure 12

(i) Name one country where over 25% of the adult population is infected
with HIV and AIDS.
(1)

(ii) Which country is the least infected with HIV and AIDS?

(1)

(iii) Give the adult rate of HIV and AIDS infection for Namibia.

(1)

(iv) What strategies are being used to reduce the spread of HIV and AIDS in
Namibia?
(2)
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QUESTION 6 : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY

(a) Study the map of Namibia, Figure 13, and answer the following questions:
A

Figure 13

(i) Name the neighbouring state at A.

(1)

(ii) Name the national park at B.

(1)

(iii) What is the name of the physiographic region in the east of Namibia?

(1)

(iv) Give the name of the river that forms the border between Namibia and
South Africa.
(1)

(v) Name the current found along the west coast of Namibia.

(1)
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(b) Study the tourist map of Namibia, Figure 14, and the pictures A and B below.

KEY
National Parks
Tourist attractions
1

Epupa Falls

Ruacana Falls

Popa Falls

Liambezi

Lakes Otjikoto and Guinas

Hoba Meteorite

Petrified Forest

Vingerklip (Rock Finger)

Twyfelfontein rock engravings

10 Dinosaur tracks
11 Brandberg
12 Spitzkoppe
13 Gross Barmen hot springs
14 Sesriem Canyon
15 Sossusvlei
16 Quiver tree forest
17 Bogenfels (Rock arch)
18 Ai-Ais Hot Springs

Famous Namibian tourist attractions

Figure 14

(i) Use the key to the map to identify the tourist attractions shown by
pictures A and B.
(2)

(ii) What is the name of the river in which the Ruacana Falls are found?

(1)

(iii) Which national park in Namibia is the biggest?

(1)

(iv) Tourism contributes as much as 18% to the countries GDP. What does
GDP stand for?
(1)
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QUESTION 7
(a) Study the map of SADC, Figure 15 below and answer the following questions:

Figure 15

(i) What does SADC stand for?

(1)

(ii) How many countries are currently members of SADC?

(1)

(iii) State one aim of SADC.

(1)

(iv) Describe two problems faced by SADC countries.

(2)
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(b) Write down the name of the mineral, either diamonds or uranium, that you
have studied and answer the following question:

(i) Name a town where this mineral is mined.

(1)

(ii) Describe the mining method that is used to extract the mineral.

(2)

(iii) Describe the economic importance of this mineral for Namibia.

(2)
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