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Cell Cycle

Review

1. What is the correct sequence of the 5


stages of the cell cycle?
G1 S G2 M C
2. Define the following terms:
a. Chromatid- duplicate half of a
chromosome
b. Mitosis- division of the nucleus
c. Cell differentiation- cells increase in #
and become specialized in structure and
function.
d. Cytokinesis- division of the cytoplasm
e. Centromere- a disk that attaches 2
chromatids to each other

f. cancer- doesnt respond to normal signals


that shut down cell division
g. checkpoints- critical point where stop
and go signals regulate the cell cycle
h. diploid- 2n, chromosomes found in pairs,
has 2 homologues of each chromosome
i. haploid- half the # of chromosomes
j. Crossing over- chromosomes exchange
segments of DNA
k. zygote- fertilized egg
l. Asexual reproduction- involves 1 parent
m. Sexual reproduction- joining together of
2 gametes

3. In the space provided, draw and identify


the phases of mitosis.
see FRAME
4. Describe the events that occur in each
phase of mitosis.
Prophase- nuclear membrane breaks down,
spindle fibers form
Metaphase- chromosomes align along the
equator of the cell
Anaphase- sister chromatids separate to
opposite ends of the cell
Telophase- nuclear membrane reforms,
spindle fibers disappear, cytokinesis begins

5. A typical human cell contains 46


chromosomes. After mitosis and
cytokinesis, how many chromosomes
would the daughter cells contain?
46
6. Describe the events that occur in
the interphase of the cell cycle.
G1- growth S-DNA replication G2growth, maturing
7. In which phase of the cell cycle does
the cell spend most of its life?
Interphase

8. Distinguish between cytokinesis in


plant cells and cytokinesis in animal
cells.
Plant cells- cell wall divides cytoplasm
Animal cells- cleavage furrow divides
cytoplasm
9. After which phase does cytokinesis
begin?
Telophase
10. Which phase is not a part of
mitosis?
Interphase

12. How many daughter cells are


produced as a result of mitosis? 2 and
meiosis? 4
13. Name at least 2 factors that trigger
cell division.
Growth
Enzymes from other cells
14. What is the difference between
benign and malignant tumor?
Benign tumor- stays at the original site
Malignant- spreads and impairs the
function of other organs

15. Give an example of a physical factor that


would turn off cell division.
When cells are densely packed together
16. If the bodys immune system does not
destroy an abnormal cell, what will happen to
that cell?
It will become a cancer cell
17. What is an example of an internal signal?
Enzymes/hormones (come from inside the cell)
18. How many chromosomes are in the body
cells of an organism that has a haploid number
of 8?
16

19. DNA becomes more compact by


wrapping tightly aroudn associated
proteins. Why does this occur?
So they will fit within the cell
20. How many chromosomes exist in the
human body?
46 chromosomes
21. What is the difference in Anaphase of
mitosis, anaphase of meiosis I, and
anaphase of meiosis II?
Chromatids do not separate at the
centromere in anaphase I, they do in
mitosis and meiosis II

22. The diploid number of


chromosomes in a human skin cell is
46. How many chromosomes are in a
human sperm cell?
23
23. Describe cell differentiation.
Cells not only increase in number, but
become specialized in function
24. How many sex chromosomes are in
the body? 2 How many pairs of
chromosomes are in the body? 23
pairs How many autosomes are in the
body? 44

25. Name a factor that triggers cell


division.
Growth
Test:
59 Questions
*45 cell cycle (multiple choice)
*5 biochemistry (multiple choice)
*5 cells (multiple choice)
*4 short answer

In addition
Be able to:
Explain why mitosis needs to produce
identical daughter cells
Explain why reduction-division is
important for sexual reproduction
Compare and contrast the phases of
mitosis, meiosis I and meiosis II
Discuss cancer

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