Lab3 OPNET Advanced Tutorial

LTE Simulation Model

Dr. Thushara Weerawardane

Senior Lecturer
Kotelawala Defence University

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LTE reference model

aGW

LTE simulation model is based on

this LTE reference architecture

Remote Server
(VOIP, HTTP,
FTP, Video)
R1

R2

L
lin ast
k m

ile

R3

eNB1

eNB2
UE

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eNB4

eNB3
UE

UE

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UE

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Reference LTE protocol architecture

End User

Uu

Application
servers

S1/X2

Application

Application
(server)

TCP/UDP

TCP/UDP

eNodeB

aGW

IP

PDCP

RLC

MAC
L1

IP

PDCP

RLC

MAC
L1

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GTP

GTP

UDP

UDP

IPSec

L2

L2

L1

L1

IPSec

IP (Diffserv)

IP (Diffserv)

L2

L2

L1

L1

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Overview of the OPNET LTE System simulator

QoS configuration
for users

Application configuration
for users

eNB1

Mobility model

Central
information
center

R2
Cell 1

aGW

eNB2

R1

Cell 2
Cell 3
Application

eNB3

GTP

R3

L2

UDP

TCP/UDP
IP

IPSec

PDCP

IP (Diffserv)

PDCP
L2

L1

L1

GTP

RLC

IPSec

IP (Diffserv)
MAC

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RLC

UDP

PHY

eNB4

MAC

L2

PHY

L1

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LTE simulator overview - 2

End-to-end TCP

LTE backhaul

Mobile GW:
eNodeBs

End-to-end TCP
Intermediate routers

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E-UTRAN node models

eNodeB node model

aGW node model

UE node model

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LTE MOBILITY MODEL AND CHANNEL MODEL

CONFIGURATION OVERVIEW

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Mobility configuration node

Two main mobility models
- RWP mobility model and
- RD mobility model

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Mobility model and channel model

Two main parts
Mobility model and
Channel model

Two main generic mobility models

RWP mobility model and
RD mobility model

Channel model
Pathloss: 128.1 + 37.6*log10(distance)

Correlated Slow Fading: Lognormal-distributed

Fast Fading: Jakes-Like method, 2 Extended ITU Channel Models

- Extended Pedestrian A
- Extended Vehicular A

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APPLICATION AND TRAFFIC MODEL

CONFIGURATION IN OPNET

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Example of traffic models

VoIP configuration

Codec: AMR 12.2 kbps (GSM EFR)

No silence suppression
50 frames/sec, 1 frame/IP packet
codec delay: 40 ms, Transport: RTP/UDP
Traffic idleness: 0.5 sec, Call duration: const. 90 sec
Call inter-arrival time: const. 90 sec and
neg. exp. with 50 sec mean value

Web traffic model

Number of pages per session is 5

Average page size is 100 Kbyte,
number of Object per page is 1 (frame = 1 kbyte and Object size = 100 Kbyte)
Reading time is const (12 sec)
Each page uses separate TCP connection

FTP traffic model

File size is const (5 Mbyte)

Interarrival time is uniform(30-60) sec

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Configuring application models: workflow

Configure applications

Define profiles

Deploy
applications/profiles
Application Deployment

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Applications: built-in standard applications

Name

Standard
application
models

Description

Custom Application

Generic/customizable application

Database

Data entry/query application

E-mail

E-mail application

FTP

File transfer protocol application

HTTP

Web-browsing application

Print

Print job

Remote Login

Telnet application application

Video Conferencing

Client-to-client video application

Voice

Client-to-client voice application

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Application configuration VoIP

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Application configuration

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FTP traffic model configuration

FTP
Using file size distribution
Using Inter-request time distribution

FTP (Application)
PUT

PUT

GET

Inter-Request Time

Specific FTP
settings

Example FTP configuration

- File size is 5Mbyte
- The time duration between the start of a file download and the start of the
next download is uniformly distributed between 30 and 60 sec

Common settings

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HTTP traffic model configuration

Example1:

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HTTP traffic model configuration cont.

Example 2:
Number of pages per session = 5 pages
Average page size
= 100,000 bytes
# of objects in a page
= 1 first Object (frame) = 1 Kbyte
and 2nd object = 100 Kbyte
Reading time (default) = 12 sec

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VoIP configuration in OPNET

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VoIP: E-model (ITU G.107)

Ro = 15 1.5(SLR + No),
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Is = Iolr + Ist + Iq,

20

Id = Idte + Idle + Idd

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E-model (ITU G.107)

A model to assess combined effects of variations in

several parameters that affect conversation quality of

handset telephony
It produces a result called Rating Factor R
R = Ro Is Id Ie + A
-

Ro: basic SNR,

Is: voice signal impairments,
Id: impairments caused by delay,
Ie: equipment related impairments,
A: Advantage factor

R can be mapped to MOS value

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PROFILE CONFIGURATION IN OPNET

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What is a profile?
Profile is a collection of applications
Describes activity patterns of:
An individual user
A group of users

Marketing department

Engineer

CFO

Engineer

CEO

Help desk

Engineer

Profiles

Apps

Engineer

FTP

Email

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Marketing Department

Video

HTTP

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Email

Sales Engineer

Email

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Database

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Profile Attributes

Repeatability

Profile Name

Operation Mode

Applications

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Duration
Start Time

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Profile name, start time, and duration

Example: Engineer profile, starting at 100 secs and lasting 1 hour = 3600 secs

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Applications within a profile

Profile Definition
Object

Application
Configuration
Object

I define the following applications:

Database Access (Light)
Email (Light)
Web Browsing (Light)
FTP

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E-UTRAN CONFIGURATION
TRANSPORT DIFFSERV AND BW CONFIGURATION

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LTE QoS model

E-UTRAN

In general, QoS is the concept of

providing particular quality
guarantee for a specific service type
The EPS introduces the concept of
EPS bearers for the QoS support.
EPS bearer is a set of IP flows with a
same QoS profile, established
between UEs and the P-GW

UE

EPC

eNB

S-GW

Internet

P-GW

Peer
Entity

End-to-end Service

EPS Bearer

Radio Bearer

Radio

External Bearer

S1 Bearer

S5/S8 Bearer

S1

S5/S8

Gi

EPS Bearer Service Architecture

An EPS bearer is realised by

providing the following subsidiary
bearers.
radio bearer, S1 bearer and S5/S8
bearer

EPS
QoS

Evolved Packet System

Quality of service

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Example: Service Data Flows in LTE/SAE (GTP-based

S5/S8) with two established EPS bearers.

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An example of QCI mapping

QCI

Packet Delay Budget

Packet Loss Rate

Example Services

1 (GBR)

< 50 ms

High (e.g. 10-1)

Real Time Gaming

2 (GBR)

50 ms (for E-UTRAN);
80 ms (for UTRAN)

Medium (e.g. 10-2)

VOIP

3 (GBR)

90 ms

Medium (e.g. 10-2)

Conversational Packet Switched

Video

4 (GBR)

250 ms

Low (e.g. 10-3)

Streaming

5 (non-GBR)

Low (e.g. 50 ms)

e.g. 10-6

IMS Signalling

6 (non-GBR)

Low (e.g. 50 ms)

e.g. 10-3

Interactive Gaming

7 (non-GBR)

Medium (e.g. 250 ms)

e.g. 10-4

TCP Interactive

8 (non-GBR)

Medium (e.g. 250 ms)

e.g. 10-6

Preferred TCP Bulk Data

9 (non-GBR)

High (e.g. 500 ms)

unspecified

Best Effort TCP Bulk Data

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QCI, DSCP, OPNET DSCP and transport QoS

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DL router diffserve configuration

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Last mile BW configuration and diffserve deployment

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eNB MAC SCHEDULER CONFIGURATION

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SCHEDULERS

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eNB Scheduler configuration

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EXERCISES

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Tasks: configuration and results analysis

Task1: Configure the following configuration and analyze the performance using
suitable statistics such as FTP DL time, last mile throughput, Uu throughput etc

Traffic model
-

User and network configuration

-

FTP traffic model with QCI 9

4 users per cell and 1 eNB scenario
How many number of users per cell and what is the offered load?
Ideal transport network

Results should be submitted in the document (ex. word)

Task2: Extend above configured model by adding 6 users who are running HTTP
traffic model with QCI9 and also evaluate the performance.

How many number of users per cell?

what is the offered load roughly?
Results should be submitted in the document (ex. word)

Task3: Apply a suitable congested BW at the last mile link (last mile capacity should
be lower than the average offered load) and compare the performance with results
of the task 2

How many number of users per cell?

Results should be submitted in the document (ex. word)

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Tasks: QoS classification

Task4: configure following scenarios in 1-eNB network
Scenarios
User and Traffic models per
configuration
cell

QOS

MAC
scheduler

Last mile
capacity

Scenario-0

10 VoIP, 10 HTTP, and 5 FTP

All in best-effort class

(QCI9)

RR

Ideal

Scenario-1

10 VoIP, 10 HTTP, and 5 FTP

All in best-effort class

(QCI9)

RR

Limited
(20 Mbps)

Scenario-2

10 VoIP, 10 HTTP, and 5 FTP

HTTP and FTP BE class

(QCI9) and VoIP real time
class (QCI1)

RR

Limited
(20 Mbps)

Scenario-3

10 VoIP, 10 HTTP, and 5 FTP

HTTP and FTP BE class

(QCI8 and QCI9) and
VoIP real time class
(QCI1)

RR

Limited
(20 Mbps)

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Example traffic model configuration

VoIP configuration

Codec: AMR 12.2 kbps (GSM EFR)

No silence suppression
50 frames/sec, 1 frame/IP packet
codec delay: 40 ms, Transport: RTP/UDP
Traffic idleness: 0.5 sec, Call duration: const. 90 sec
Call inter-arrival time: const. 90 sec and
neg. exp. with 50 sec mean value

Web traffic model

Number of pages per session is 5

Average page size is 100 Kbyte,
number of Object per page is 1 (frame = 1 kbyte and Object size = 100 Kbyte)
Reading time is const (12 sec)
Each page uses separate TCP connection

FTP traffic model

File size is const (5 Mbyte)

Interarrival time is uniform(30-60) sec

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Any Question?

THANKS

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