PREPOSITIONS IN STRUCTURES: POSITION

SPECIAL STRUCTURES (1): INTERROGATIVE

Im looking for something else.
What else are you looking for?

SPECIAL STRUCTURES (2): (PSEUDO-) CLEFTING

Im sure of his loyalty.
What Im sure of is his loyalty.
It is his loyalty Im sure of.
SPECIAL STRUCTURES (3): PASSIVE
Someone will pay for the tickets.
The tickets will be paid for.
SPECIAL STRUCTURES (4): TO-INFINITIVE IN PASSIVE
Getting into the car was difficult.
It was difficult to get into the car.
The car was difficult to get into.

PREPOSITIONS IN RELATIVE CLAUSES

DEFINING > INFORMAL
I was talking about a certain woman.
+
There is the woman
=
There is the woman (who/that) I was talking about
DEFINING > FORMAL
I was talking about a certain woman.
+
There is the woman
=
There is the woman about whom I was talking

NON-DEFINING > MODIFYING OF

The staff were made redundant.
+
of the staff had been recently hired.
=
The staff
,

of whom had been recently hired ,

were made redundant.

FROM THE STUDENTS BOOK - PREPOSITION IN RELATIVE CLAUSES

*Preposition in defining relative clauses
Prepositions normally come AT THE END of a defining relative clause in INFORMAL written and
spoken styles:
The woman that / who you were talking to
In more FORMAL styles they come before the relative pronoun. Who is replaced by whom.
Do not use that after preposition
The woman to whom you were talking
*Of in non-defining relative clauses
You can modify the relative pronoun in non-defining relative clauses using quantifiers and
determiners such as many, all, most + of.
When talking about people, the relative pronoun who changes to whom:
The audience, many of whom had seen the film before, all stood up and applauded.
The relative pronoun which stays the same:
He offered me a pile of books, many of which were battered and torn.
**Remember that you CANNOT use the relative pronoun that in non-defining relative clauses.