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Crystals

SpaceLatticeandUnitCells

OverviewofUnitCells

SevenDifferentCrystalSystems

CubicUnitCell
a=b=c

===900

Simple

BodyCentered

Figure3.2
Facecentered

Tetragonal
a=b c

===900
Simple

BodyCentered

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TypesofUnitCells(Cont..)

Orthorhombic
a b c

===900

TypesofUnitCells(Cont..)

Simple

BaseCentered

Hexagonal

Simple

a= b c
==900,=120

Monoclinic
BodyCentered
FaceCentered

a b c
==900 ,90

Base
Centered
Simple

Figure3.2

Triclinic

Rhombohedral

Figure3.2

a b c

a=b=c

900

== 900

Simple

Simple

BCC

AtomicPackingFactor

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ElementswithBCC

HexagonalClosePackedStructure

HCP1st Layer

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InterstitialSpaces

SecondLayer

HCP3rd Layer

ElementswithHCPStructureatRoom
Temperature

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FaceCenteredCubic(FCC)Crystal
Structure

FCC

Figure3.6a&b

CubicClosestPacking
1st twolayersidenticaltoHCP

Onlyslightlydifferent

HCPandCCPonlydifferbytheClayer.HCPonlyhastwotypesoflayers
whileCCPhasthree.

A
B
A

C
B
A

Butnowthirdlayerisdifferent
(coversremainingholesoffirstlayer)

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ElementswithCCPcrystalstructuresat
roomtemp.

Figure3.10b

DirectionIndicies

(3/4,0,1/4)

(1/4,1/2,1/2)

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Families

MillerIndicies

1/3

2/3

Distancesbetweenplanes

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PlanesandDirectionsinHexagonal
UnitCells

HexagonalUnitCell Examples

Figure3.16

Directions

VolumeDensity

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LinearAtomicDensity

PlanarAtomicDensity

CrystalStructureAnalysis

XRaySpectrumofMolybdenum

35KV

Figure3.26

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Examplespectrum

Examples

XRayDiffraction

InterpretDiffractionData

10

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DiffractionData

BCCReflectingPlanes

Thisdemonstratessimpleanalysis,actualanalysisstudies
intensity,width,shape,location

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