Revised according to the syllabus for and after the year 2013, Frank = CERTIFICATE ;BIOLOGYDisclaimer: This teaching materialis meant for enlightening students and inculceting the right values in ther. It has been published pursuant to.an undertaking given by the author/s that the contents do not in any way whatsoever violate any existing copyright or intellectual property right. In the event the authors have been unable to track any source, and if any copyright has been inadvertently infringed, please notify the publisher for any corrective action. Consulting Editor E.R. Harrison Published by Frank Bros. & Co. (Publishers) Ltd. B-41, Sector-4, Noida-20130 Gautam Budh Nagar Phones: 0120-4689999 (100 Lines) Regd. Office 2/10, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Deihi-110002 © All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior written permission of the publishers. First Edition 2001 Seventh Revised Edition 2011 ISBN 978-93-5037-082-7 Printed at Capital Offset, Bawena Ind, Area, Delhi-110039.Contents 1 An Introduction 1 6, Biotechnology: Applications 30 Progress of Science Historical Background Definition of Biology Biotechwoloey a nds History of Biology Applications of Biotechnology 7. Flowers (Structure of Bisexual Flower, Branches of Biology Functions of Various Parts) 55 Main Sub-divisions of Biology Biology and its Relation to other Branches of Sci Why is the Study of Biology Necessary? Recent Branches of Biology What is a Flower? 8. Pollination and Fertilization 66 What is Pollination? Unit-3 Plant Physiology Importance of Biology in Daily Life EERE 9. Seed: Structure and Germination 13 2. Being Alive—What is its Meaning? vt Seed? (Characteristics of Life) 8 _ 3 ‘Wht is being Alive? Some Experiments on Seed Germination Unit-1 Basic Biology 10. Respiration in Plants 80 3. The Cell—A Unit of Life 1s Experiments on Respiration in Plants History of Investigation Experiment Showing Alcoholic Fermentation Cell Theory Protoplasm Theory Wien scopesiady at Cel 4. Tissues 28 Unicellular or Acellular Orzanismss Multiceliular Organisms What is a Tissue? Plant Tissues Animal Tissues Organ, Organ System and Organism Unit-2 Plants 5. Vegetative Propagation 44