PLANE GEOMETRY

Topic Summary-Page 1

ANGLES AT A POINT

vertically opposite angles are equal

angles that form a right angle have a sum of 90o

angles that form a straight angle have a sum of 180o

angles that form a revolution have a sum of 360o

PARALLEL LINES

alternate (Z) angles are equal

corresponding (F) angles are equal

cointerior (C) angles are supplementary

TRIANGLES

a scalene triangle has unequal sides and angles

an isosceles triangle has two equal sides and angles

an equilateral triangle has three equal sides and angles (60o)

the angle sum of a triangle is 180o

the exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two

opposite interior angles

CONGRUENT TRIANGLES
Congruency tests for triangles:
SSS, SAS, AAS, RHS

SIMILAR TRIANGLES
Two triangles are similar if:
two

pairs of angles are equal (equiangular)

corresponding
two

sides are in the same proportion

pairs of corresponding sides are in the same proportion and the included angles are equal

PLANE GEOMETRY
Topic Summary-Page 2

RATIO OF INTERCEPTS
When

two or more transversals cut a series of parallel lines, the ratios of their intercepts are equal.
A

F
AB
DE

BC
EF

A line parallel to one side of a triangle divides the other two sides in the same ratio

A line joining the midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and half its length.

QUADRILATERALS

the angle sum of a quadrilateral is 360o

a parallelogram has: opposite sides equal; opposite angles equal;

diagonals that bisect each other

a rectangle is a parallelogram with equal diagonals

a rhombus is a parallelogram with diagonals that bisect each other at right angles
and bisect the angles through which they pass

a square is a rectangle with diagonals that are perpendicular and that make
angles of 45o with the sides

a trapezium is a quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides

a kite is a quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent sides equal

POLYGONS
Angle sum = (n 2)180o

( n 2)180 0
n
360 0
Exterior angle =
n

Interior angle =

Sum of the exterior angles = 360o