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2.2 .....................................34
2.3: ......................................................................41
2.4
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2.5
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2.7 .............74
2.8 ..............................79
2.9 ..............................................................................................................86
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3.1 ............................................................................................................88
3.2 ...........................................................................................................96
3.3 ..............................................................................................................109
3.4 ...........................................................................................120
3.5 ................................................................................................................127
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4:
(1947-1974)
4.1 ..............................................................................................................129
4.2 ..............................................129
4.3 ..................................................................................133
4.4 ..............137
4.5 ..................................................................145
4.6 ..........................................................................152
4.7 ................................................................................................................154
5:
5.1 ..............................................................................................................156
5.2 :
....................................................................157
5.2.1 ...............157
5.2.2. ............................163
5.3.
(1954-1959).
5.3.1. .............................................................................166
5.3.2 ..................................................................................171
5.3.3
..................................................................................................................173
5.3.4 .........................................175
5.3.5. (1954-1959).....180
5.3.5.1 ....................................................................180
5.3.5.2
.......................................186
5.3.5.3 ................190
5.3.6.
......................................................................................................................193
5.3.7. : ...........................202
5.4. 60.......................................211
5.4.1 ........................................................211
5.4.2 ...........................214
5.5 ................................................................................................................223
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..................................................................................229
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6.3 ....................268
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6.4 (1964-65).................................282
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6.5.2.
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6.5.2. ....................................................................313
6.6 ................................................................................................................322
7: 19471967:
7.1 ..............................................................................................................325
7.2. ..........................................................................................327
7.3 : ;............................336
7.4 .......................................343
7.5 .......................................................................348
7.6 .......................................................................358
7.7 ..............................................................................364
7.8 ............................................................................368
7.9 .....................................................................................376
7.10 ...............................................................................387
7.11 ..............................................................................................................391
8: 1974-1989
8. 1 .............................................................................................................392
8.2 ....................................393
8. 3 .........................397
8. 4 ................................................................407
8. 5 ................................................................................................................410
9:
9.1 ..............................................................................................................412
9.2
..........................................................................................................................413
9.3 .............................................................................................430
9.4 .....................................................433
9.5
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9.6
80...............................................................................................................................442
9.7
80...........................................................449
9.8
........................................................................................462
9.9
....................................................466
9.10
....................................................................................................470
9.11 ..............................................................................................................474
10:
10.1 :
.............................................................475
10.2 ...........490
10.3 ..........................495
10.4 :
.............................499
10.5
.........................................................................................513
10.6 ..............................................................................................................517
11:
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11. 3
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2.
, Mary Nolan ,
3. , ,
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,
4,
Alvin Z. Rubinstein, Donald E. Smith, Anti-Americanism: Anatomy of a Phenomenon, in Alvin Z.

Rubinstein, Donald E. Smith (.), Anti-Americanism in the Third World: Implications for US
Foreign Policy, Praeger, 1985, .1.
2
A. Rubinstein, D. Smith (ed), . ., .28.
3
Mary Nolan, Anti-Americanization in Germany, in Andrew Ross and Kristin Ross, AntiAmericanism, New York University Press, 2004, . 126.
4
Philippe Roger, L Ennemi Americain. Genealogie de l Antiamericanisme Francais, Seuil,
2002, .18. Paul Hollander, Introduction: The New Virulence and Popularity, in Paul Hollander
(.), Understanding Anti-Americanism: Its Origins and Impact at Home and Abroad, Ivan R. Dee,
2004, .3-4. Peter J.Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane, Varieties of Anti-Americanism: A
Framework for Analysis, in Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane (.), Anti-Americanisms
in World Politics, Cornell University Press 2006, .16.
5.

.
6. ,

7. Katzenstein
Keohane 8. ,

, .
9.
Philippe Roger
,
(
- .. .: anti-Americanism, .: antiamericanisme, , ,
antiamericanisme). ,
10.
,

.
, , ,
, .

.
Marie-France Toinet, French Pique and Piques Francaises, Annals of the American Academy of
Political and Social Science, Vol.497, Anti-Americanism: Origins and Context (May 1988), .134.
6
Richard Kuisel, Seducing the French: the dilemma of Americanization, University of California Press,
1996, .8-9. Pierangelo Isernia, Anti-Americanism in Europe during the Cold War, in
Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane (.), . ., .74-75. John R. Bowen, AntiAmericanism as Schemas and Diacritics in France and Indonesia, in Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert
O. Keohane (.), . ., .233-234.
7
Giacomo Chiozza, Disaggregating Anti-Americanism: An Analysis of Individual Attitudes toward
the United States, in Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane (.), . ., .98-101.
8
Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane, Conclusion: Anti-Americanisms and the Polyvalence of
America, in Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane (.), . ., .306.
9
Philippe Roger, . ., .19.
10
Ibid, .13-15.

, 11.
, Reinhart
Koselleck,
. ,

. Koselleck

12.
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,
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K. Ross, 16.

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, .
11
Ibid, .15.
Reinhart Koselleck, Futures Past. On the Semantics of Historical Time, [: Keith Tribe],
Columbia University Press, 1983, .89.
13
Ibid, .84-85.
14
Ibid, .86.
15
Paul Hollander, Introduction: The New Virulence and Popularity, in Paul Hollander (.),
Understanding Anti-Americanism: Its Origins and Impact at Home and Abroad, Chicago: Ivan R. Dee
2004, .12-14. James Ceaser, The Philosophical Origins of Anti-Americanism in Europe, in Paul
Hollander (.), . ., .48-49.
16
Andrew Ross and Kristin Ross, Introduction, in Andrew Ross and Kristin Ross(.), AntiAmericanism, New York University Press, 2004, .1.
12

(1776)
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17
Ibid, .1-2.
Ibid, .2. Herbert J. Spiro, Anti-Americanism in Western Europe, Annals of the American
Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol.497, Anti-Americanism: Origins and Context (May
1988), .124-126. A. Rubinstein, D. Smith, Anti-Americanism: Anatomy of a Phenomenon, . .,
.9. Peter J.Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane, Varieties of Anti-Americanism: A Framework for
Analysis, in Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane (.), . ., .36.
19
Mary Nolan, Anti-Americanization in Germany, in Andrew Ross and Kristin Ross (.), . .,
. 126. Russell A. Berman, Anti-Americanism in Europe: A Cultural Problem, Hoover Institution
Press, , 2004, . 40-41, 52-53.
20
Andrew Ross and Kristin Ross, Introduction, . ., .2.
18
21.
,
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D.Smith
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Greg Grandin, The Narcissism of Violent Differences, in Andrew Ross and Kristin Ross (.),
. ., .22.
22
A. Rubinstein, D. Smith, Anti-Americanism: Anatomy of a Phenomenon, . ., .17-28.
23
Ibid, .28.

,
.
, ,
, Peter J. Katzenstein Robert O. Keohane,
, 24.
, ,
25.
,
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24
Robert O. Keohane and Peter J. Katzenstein, Introduction, in Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O.
Keohane (.), . ., .2.
25
Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane, Varieties of Anti-Americanism: A Framework for
Analysis, in Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane (.), . ., .11, 21-22.

, ,
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Ibid, .15, 35.
10
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(legacy
anti-
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30.
Pierangelo Isernia. Isernia

28
Ibid, .29-37.
Frederick C. Turner, Anti-Americanism in Mexico, 1910-1913, The Hispanic American Historical
Review, Vol.47, No 4, (November 1967), .502-518.
30
Doug McAdam, Legacies of Anti-Americanism: A Sociological Perspective, in Peter J.
Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane (.), . ., .251-269.
29
11

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,

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31.

32
,
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,
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31
Pierangelo Isernia, Anti-Americanism in Europe during the Cold War, in Peter J. Katzenstein and
Robert O. Keohane (.), . ., .58-59.
Isernia Herbert Kelman, William Scott, Deutsch Merritt. ,
Herbert C. Kelman, Social-Psychological Approaches to the Study of International Relations:
Definition of Scope, in Herbert C. Kelman (.), International Behavior: A Social-Psychological
Analysis, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966, .24. William A. Scott, Psychological and
Social Correlates of International Images, in Herbert C. Kelman (.), . ., .72, Karl W.
Deutsch and Richard L. Merritt, Effects of Events on National and International Images, in Herbert
C. Kelman (.), . ., .132-134.
32

, : Thodore Zeldin,
Pathologie de l antiamricanisme, Denis Lacorne, Jacques Rupnik, Marie-France Toinet
(.), L Amrique dans nos ttes: un sicle de fascinations et d aversions, Hachette, 1986,
.46-55.
12
, 33.
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H.J. Spiro

33
State
Department 2002 Greg Grandin, The Narcissism of
Violent Differences, . ., .17.
34
Greg Grandin, . ., .18.
35
Ibid, .23.
36
Ibid, .19.
37
Chong-Soo Tai, Erick J. Peterson and Tedd Robert Gurr, Internal Versus External Sources of AntiAmericanism, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol.17, No 3, (September 1973), .470.
38
Marie-France Toinet, French Pique and Piques Francaises, . ., .135.
13
39

40.

41.
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42.
, R. Kuisel

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39

Charles F. Doran and James Patrick Sewell, Anti-Americanism in
Canada?, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol.497, AntiAmericanism: Origins and Context (May 1988), .106.
40
Herbert J. Spiro, Anti-Americanism in Western Europe, Annals of the American Academy of
41
Alexander Stephan, Cold War Alliances and the Emergence of Transatlantic Competition: An
Introduction, in Alexander Stephan (.), The Americanization of Europe. Culture, Diplomacy,
and Anti-Americanism after 1945, Berghahn Books, / 2007, .1.
42
Richard Higgott and Ivona Malbasic, Introduction: The Theory and Practice of Anti-Americanism,
in Richard Higgott and Ivona Malbasic (.), The Political Consequences of Anti-Americanism,
Routleged/Warwick Studies in Globalization, 2008, .10.
14
, ,
, ,
, , 43.

.

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44.

Charles
F.Doran James Patrick Sewell,
,
.
,
45. Roger
Kimball,
, , 46.
Russell Berman
,
, ,

47.
43
Richard Kuisel, Seducing the French, . ., .7-10.

Andrei S. Markovits, On Anti-Americanism in West Germany, New German Critique, No 34,
(winter 1985), . 3, 14-15.
45
Charles F. Doran and James Patrick Sewell, Anti-Americanism in Canada?, . ., .106.
, Jean-Francois
Revel, L Obsession Anti-Americaine, Plon, 2002. Russell A. Berman, Anti-Americanism in
Europe, . ., . 33-37, 57-62.
46
Roger Kimball, Anti-Americanism Then and Now, in Paul Hollander (.), . ., .239-240.
47
Russell A. Berman, Anti-Americanism in Europe, . ., . 36.
44
15
, Keohane Katzenstein

48. O P. Hollander

49. ,
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Keohane Katzenstein ,

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48
Peter J.Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane, Varieties of Anti-Americanism: A Framework for

Analysis, . ., .15.
49
Paul Hollander, Introduction: The New Virulence and Popularity, in Paul Hollander (.), .
., .7-12.
50
Paul Hollander, Anti-Americanism: Irrational and Rational, Transaction Publishers, New Jersey
2003, . lxxviii.
51
John R. Bowen, Anti-Americanism as Schemas and Diacritics in France and Indonesia, in Peter J.
Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane (.), . ., .230-232.
16
. ,
,
.
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,
52.
, A.Rubinstein D.Smith

,
.
53.

, P. Katzenstein R.
Keohane
, .
,
54. ,
55.
,
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,

56.
52
Robert O. Keohane and Peter J. Katzenstein, Introduction, . ., .2. Peter J.Katzenstein and
Robert O. Keohane, Varieties of Anti-Americanism: A Framework for Analysis, . ., .10.
53
A. Rubinstein, D. Smith, Anti-Americanism: Anatomy of a Phenomenon, . ., .2.
54
Robert O. Keohane and Peter J. Katzenstein, Preface, in Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O.
Keohane (.), . ., .x. Robert O. Keohane and Peter J. Katzenstein, Introduction, . .,
.6.
55
Robert O. Keohane and Peter J. Katzenstein, Introduction, . ., .3.
56
Richard Kuisel, . ., .xi-xii.
17
Harald Mueller Thomas-Risse-Kappen,

,
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,
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, 57:
58:

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,
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, 59.
57
Harald Mueller and Thomas-Risse-Kappen, Origins of Estrangement: The Peace Movement and the
Changed Image of America in West Germany, International Security, Vol.12, No 1, (summer 1987),
.71.
58
Ibid, .1
59
Richard Kuisel, . ., .9-10. , Philippe Roger, . ., .584.
18
Philippe Roger ,
60.
, ,
,
,
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(culture) ,
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61.
,

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62.

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63. , , ,
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60

Philippe Roger, . ., . 353-355.
62
Adeed Dawisha, Anti-Americanism in the Arab World: Memories of the Past in the Attitudes of the
Present, in Alvin Z. Rubinstein, Donald E. Smith (.), . ., .67.
63
Ainslie Embree, Anti-Americanism in South Asia: A Symbolic Artifact, in Alvin Z. Rubinstein,
Donald E. Smith (.), . ., .140-141. Mohammad Beshir Hamid, Perception, Preference and
Policy: An Afro-Arab Perspective of Anti-Americanism, in Alvin Z. Rubinstein, Donald E. Smith
(.), . ., .100-101. Adeed Dawisha, . ., .72-73.
61
19

. ,
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64.
Philippe Roger

. ,

,
.
,
, 65.

,

66.
.
1950 1960 , ,
.
,
67. ,
,
, 68.
64
, Ian Buruma and

Avishai Margalit, . [: ],
, 2007.
65
Philippe Roger, . ., .11-12, 353-355.
66
, Chong-Soo Tai, Erick J. Peterson and Tedd Robert Gurr, Internal Versus External
Sources of Anti-Americanism, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol.17, No 3, (September 1973), 455483.
, . ,
, , ,
. ,
, ,
.
67
Ibid, .456.
68
, Juan Jose Arevalo, The Shark and the Sardines, Lyle Stuart, 1961.
20

.
69.

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,
70,
71.
,
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Philippe Roger, ,

72.
,
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, atzenstein Keohane

, , , ,
, .
,
,
69
, Raymond Aron, From France, in Franz M. Joseph (.), As Others See Us: The
United States through Foreign Eyes, Princeton University Press, 1959, . 60. , Paul
Hollander, The Only Superpower. Reflections on Strength, Weakness and Anti-Americanism, Lexington
Books, 2009.
70
Irving Louis Horowitz, Latin America, Anti-Americanism, and Intellectual Hubris, in Alvin Z.
Rubinstein, Donald E. Smith (.), . ., . 61. Russell A. Berman, . ., . 36-40.
71
Robert C. Horn, Anti-Americanism in Southeast Asia: The Malaysian Case, in Alvin Z.
Rubinstein, Donald E. Smith (.), . ., .151-170.
72
21
Sartori73. , Sartori
,
,

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73
Giovanni Sartori, Politics, Ideology and Belief Systems, The American Political Science Review,
Vol.63, No 2, (June 1969), .398-411.
74
Ibid, . 400-401.
75
Ibid, . 403-405.
22
76.
, D. Howarth
.
,
. ,
77. , ,
,
,
78.
Norman Fairclough,
,
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79. ,

80.
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, 82.
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76
Michel Foucault, , [: ], ,
1987, .77.
77
David Howarth, , . ., .22.
78
Michel Foucault, [: . , . ], ,
.8.
79
Norman Faiclough, Discourse and Social Change, Polity Press, 1992, .63.
80
Norman Fairclough, Critical Discourse Analysis, . ., .7.
81
Norman Faiclough, Discourse and Social Change, . ., .36.
82
Paul Chilton and Christina Schaffner, Discourse and Politics, in Teun A. Van Dijk (.),
Discourse as social interaction, Sage, 1997, . 226.
83
David Howarth and Yannis Stavrakakis, . ., . 3-4.
23
, . ,

,

84.
, ,
,
. ,
,
.
,
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Philippe Roger, .
Dan Diner .
. , Philippe Roger,
, ,85
(discourse),
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86. Roger
,
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87.
88.
,
,
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89.
, , , ,
90.
84
Paul Chilton and Christina Schaffner, . ., . 212-215.

Philippe Roger, . .
86
Ibid, .18-19.
87
Ibid, .16-17.
88
Ibid, .579.
89
Ibid, .19-20.
90
Andrew Ross and Kristin Ross, Introduction, . ., .11.
85
24
Dan Diner,
,
, ,
91.
, ,
, 92. , ,

-

93.
, Roger
, ,
,
, , ,
. ,
.
,

,
94.
, E. Said

. , Said
,
,
. , Said
,
,
91
Dan Diner, America in the Eyes of the Germans. An Essay on Anti-Americanism, Markus Wiener
Publishers, 1996, .viii.
92
Ibid, .20.
93
Ibid, .viii.
94
Philippe Roger, . ., .352-353, 580.
25
95.
Said:
,
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95
David Howarth, . ., .100-102.

Edward D. Said, , [: ], , 1996, .328.
97
Ibid, .16.
98
Said :
-
,
, Edward D. Said, . ., .24.
96
26
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100
, , :
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], , 2004, .46. , Giovanni Sartori,
, Giovanni Sartori, . ., .134-137. ,
Giovanni Sartori, ..., .179-199.
27
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104.

: - 1947, 1954- 1959,
1964- 1965, 1974- 1975, 1977, 1980, 1981, - 1983, - 1984, 1985, - 1989.
,
,

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101
Pierangelo Isernia, Anti-Americanism in Europe during the Cold War, . ., . 64.

1947. ,
, 1952.
103
, :
, 1950-2000, , , .62-63.
104
Jean Meynaud, . , . , 1946-1965,
..., .226-227.
102
28
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, 107. Ithiel de Sola
Pool
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108.
105
, 1914-1917, ,
1990, .16.
106
David Howarth, . ., .23.
107
, , , ,
1993, .9.
108
Ithiel de Sola Pool [with the collaboration of Harold Lasswell, Daniel Lerner], The Prestige Press:
A Comparative Study of Political Symbols, MIT Press, 1970, .26.
29
.
109.
,
, 110.
,
,

,
,
.
109
Brian McNair, An Introduction to Political Communication, Routledge, 2003, . 47.

, , ,
, , 1993, .28.
, 1914-1917, . ., .12.
110
30
2:
:
, ,
2.1

,
,
.

. ,
,
,
.

, 1

. ,
, ,
,
, ,
.

, 1989. ,

, 2.
-
Walter
Lippmann (The Cold War, 1947)3.
1
, Lester Brune and Richard Dean Burns,

Chronology of the Cold War, 1917-1992, Routledge, 2006.
2
Eric Hobsbawm, . 20 , 1914-1991 [:
], , 1995, .289.
3
Walter Lippmann, The Cold War: A Study in US Foreign Policy, Harper & Brothers,
1947.
31
/ ,

.
,
, .
,
.
David Reynolds,
,
4. Antonio
Varsori
,
,
5. , Douglas Macdonald,

.
()
() 6.

. ,
Leopoldo Nuti

, 1917.
Nuti ,
,
4
David Reynolds, The Big Three and the Division of Europe, 1945-48: An Overview, Diplomacy
and Statecraft, 1 (1990), 117-136.
5
Antonio Varsori, Reflections on the Origins of the Cold War, Odd Arne Westad (.),
Reviewing the Cold War: Approaches, Interpretations, Theory, Frank Cass, 2000, . 295296.
6
Douglas J. Macdonald, Formal Ideologies in the Cold War: Toward a Framework for Empirical
Analysis, Odd Arne Westad (.), . ., .187.
7
John Mueller,
Quiet Cataclysm: Some Afterthoughts on World War III, Michael J.Hogan (.), The End of
the Cold War. Its Meaning and Implications, Cambridge University Press, 1992, .40.
Mark Kramer, Power, Politics, and the
Long Duration of the Cold War, Silvio Pons and Federico Romero (.), Reinterpreting the
End of the Cold War. Issues, Interpretations, periodizations, Frank Cass, 2005, . 21.
32
1945. ,
. ,
, ,

19
,
8. , Susan Buck-Morss

, 9.

,
1947,
, ,
:
, ...
,
10. 1940,

,

.

11.
, ,
, ,
/
.
Leopoldo Nuti, On recule pour mieux sauter, or What needs to be done (to understand the 1970s),
Silvio Pons and Federico Romero (.), . ., . 46-47.
9
Susan Buck-Morss, Dreamworld and Catastrophe: the passing of mass utopia in East and West, MIT
Press, , 2002, .5.
10
John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment. A Critical Appraisal of American National Security
Policy during the Cold War, Oxford University Press, 2005, .39.
11
Richard Crockatt, The Fifty Years War. The United States and the Soviet Union in World Politics,
1941-1991, Routledge, / 2002 (1995), .71.
33
2.2

,
. ,
Walter Lippman

. ,
, Lippman
12. ,
1945,
13.
, , , 1945 ,

14.
O J. L. Gaddis ,
,
.

,
. ,
, ,
15.

,

16.
12
Walter Lippmann, US Foreign Policy. Shield of the Republic, Little, Brown and Co, 1943,
.164. John Lewis Gaddis, The Long Peace. Inquiries into the History of the Cold War, Oxford
University Press, 1987, . 26-28.
13
John Lewis Gaddis, The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, 1941-1947, Columbia
University Press, 1972, .236.
14
John Lewis Gaddis, . ., . 28.
15
Ibid, . 21-24.
16
Ibid, .284.
, ,
Michael J. Lacey (.), The Truman Presidency, Cambridge University Press, 1991,
34

,
,
, 17.
,
, :
,
,
.
. ,
,
.
,
1946
Byrnes 18.
, George Kennan 1946
(22/2)
, ,
. Kennan
, .
, 8000 ,
(9/2/1946),

. ,
: Robert A. Pollard, The National Security State Reconsidered: Truman and

Economic Containment, . 205-234, John Lewis Gaddis, The Insecurities of Victory: The United
States and the Perception of the Soviet Threat after World War II, . 235-272, Charles S. Maier,
Alliance and Autonomy: European Identity and US Foreign Policy Objectives in the Truman Years,
. 273-298, Bruce R. Kuniholm, US Policy in the Near East: The Triumphs and the Tribulations of
the Truman Administration, . 299-409, Barton J. Bernstein, The Truman Administration and the
Korean War, . 410-444.
17
John Lewis Gaddis, The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, . .,
.284.
18
Ibid, .284. John Lewis Gaddis, The Long Peace, . ., . 38-40.
35
19.
Kennan

20.
, Kennan
,
, .
,
. ,

.
,
: ,
, ...
21.
Kennan, ,
,
.

.
, , 22.
Kennan

. , ,
, .
23.
19
John Lewis Gaddis, The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, . ., .299-302.
Ibid, .304.
21
Pierre de Senarclens, From Yalta to the Iron Curtain, (transl.:Amanda Pingree), Berg, /
1995, .131.
22
Anders Stephanson, The Cold War considered as a US project, Silvio Pons and Federico
Romero (.), . ., . 61-62.
23
Pierre de Senarclens, . ., .129-132.
20
36
, , ,

,
. ,
24. , Kennan X
The Sources of Soviet Conduct
Foreign Affairs25. ,
,
.
,
,
. , ,

26.
,

. Kennan
,
.
, Kennan
.
,

. ,
24
John Lewis Gaddis, The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, . ., .303. John Lewis
Gaddis Kennan
. ,
-
, John Lewis Gaddis, . ., .322
25
Foreign Affairs,
Time, John Lewis Gaddis, . ., . 323. Kennan
,
, Richard J.
Barnet, A Balance Sheet: Lippmann, Kennan, and the Cold War, Michael J. Hogan (.),
Michael J. Hogan (.), . ., .117. Thomas G. Paterson, Meeting the Communist Threat.
Truman to Reagan, Oxford University Press, 1988, . 114-146.
26
X, The Sources of Soviet Conduct, Foreign Affairs, (July 1947), Vol. 25 No 4, . 566582.
37
27. , -
, Kennan
, ,
,
28.

, Kennan,

Montesquieu. ,
,
. ,
, , ,

, . ,

,
.
,
.

,
29.
Kennan
, Frank Roberts,
. ,
,
27

, Pierre de Senarclens, . .,
.129-132. John Lewis Gaddis, We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History, Oxford University
Press, 1997, .20-21.
, John Lewis Gaddis, The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, . ., .302304.
28
John Lewis Gaddis, The Long Peace, . ., . 40.
29
Anders Stephanson, Liberty or Death: The Cold War as US Ideology, Odd Arne Westad
(.), . ., . 88-90.
38

30.
Walter Lippmann,
Kennan,

.
Lippmann

31. , 1940, Lippman

:
, ( )
( )
,
32.
,
Fulton College
1946, .
1930
, , ,
.
,
, ,
. ,

, . .
30
Pierre de Senarclens, . ., .136-138. Sean Greenwood, Frank Roberts and the Other Long
Telegram: The View from the British Embassy in Moscow, March 1946, Journal of Contemporary
History, no 25, .103-122.
31
Richard J. Barnet, A Balance Sheet: Lippmann, Kennan, and the Cold War, Michael J. Hogan
(.), . ., .123-124. Lippmann Kennan
, Anders Stephanson, The Cold War considered as a US
project, Silvio Pons and Federico Romero (.), . ., . 53-55. Walter Lippmann, The
Cold War: A Study in US Foreign Policy, Harper & Brothers, 1947.
Lippmann , :
Ronald Steel, Walter Lippmann and the American Century, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick,
New Jersey 1999. Edward L Schapsmeier, Walter Lippmann: Philosopher-journalist, Public Affairs
Press, D.C. 1969.
32
Walter Lippmann, US Foreign Policy. Shield of the Republic, . ., .78.
39
,

33.
,
, . , ,
,
34
,
35.

,
John
Foster Dulles Life (1946). ,

,
Pax Sovietica. ,

,

36.
,
, ,
( Clifford).

.
33
John Young, Winston Churchills Last Campaign. Britain and the Cold War, 1951-1955, Clarendon
Press, 1996, .19-23.
34
,
. ,
. , , , ,
, , ,
, Pierre de Senarclens,
. ., . 134. Randolf S. Churchill (.), The Sinews of Peace. Post-War Speeches by Winston
Churchill, 1948, . 93-105.
35
Pierre de Senarclens, . ., .133-135. Klaus Larres, Integrating Europe or Ending the Cold War?
Churchills Post-War Foreign Policy, Vol.2, No 1, (1996), Journal of European Integration History,
.26-28 (15-49). , John
Lewis Gaddis, The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, . ., .307.
36
40
,

. ,

. ,

37.
,
,

, .
2.3

.
,

. ,
,
38.
, ,
,
39.
, , Franz Borkenau
,
,
.

37
Pierre de Senarclens, . ., .168-169. Clifford , John Lewis Gaddis,

The Long Peace, . ., . 33-34. Richard Crockatt, . ., .81.
38
Leonard Schapiro, Totalitarianism, The Pall Mall Press, 1972, .13-16.
39
Benjamin Barber, Conceptual Foundations of Totalitarianism in Carl Friedrich, Michael Curtis and
Benjamin Barber (.), Totalitarianism in Perspective: Three Views, 1969, .4.
41
, ,
,
, 40.
, 41
1950. - ,
Hannah Arendt.

, .

.
,
.
,
.
, .

, . ,
. ,

. , ,

,
, Arendt
42.
40
Franz Borkenau, The Totalitarian Enemy, Faber & Faber, 1940.

, . ,
Hannal Arendt, : ,
[ ], , 1988, .259 (
), Zbigniew Brzezinski, Ideology and Power in Soviet Politics, Frederick
A. Praeger, 1967, . 46-47. Franz Neumann, The Democratic and the Authoritarian
State, The Free Press of Glencow, 1957, . 245. J. L. Talmon, The Origins of Totalitarian
Democracy, Mecury Books, 1961, .2-3.
,
,
.
42
Hannal Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, Harvest Book, 1968, . 305-510.
, Hannal Arendt, :
, [ ], , 1988, .84-149, 252-280.
41
42

Carl Friedrich Zbigniew Brzezinski (Carl J.Friedrich,
The Unique Character in Totalitarian Society, Carl J.Friedrich and Zbigniew
Brzezinski, Totalitarian Democracy and Autocracy).

. , 1)
,
, , 2)
, ,
,
, 3)

, 4)
, 5) ,
, 6)
.
,
: ) )

43.
,
,

44.
, Franz Neumann

45. , Hans Buchheim
43
Carl Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski, Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy, Frederick A.
Praeger, / 1965, .9-13. Leonard Schapiro, Totalitarianism, The Pall Mall Press,
1972, .18-43.
44
Leonard Schapiro, . ., .99. ,
J. L. Talmon, . ., Carl Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski, . ., .80-88.
45
Franz Neumann, Behemoth. The Structure and Practice of National Socialism, Harper Torchbooks,
1966. Leonard Schapiro, . ., .104.
43

, - 46.
, ,

, ,
, ,
47.
,
,
48.

, ,
/
/ .
49.
1947 :
.
, ...,

... .
...50.
46
Hans Buchheim, Totalitarian Rule. Its Nature and Characteristics, Wesleyan University Press,
Middletown 1968. Leonard Schapiro, . ., .104.
47
Volker Berghahn, America and the Intellectual Cold Wars in Europe, Princeton University Press
2001, .95.
48
Leonard Schapiro, . ., .106-118. Herbert J. Spiro and B. R. Barber, Counter-Ideological Uses
of Totalitarianism, Politics&Society, Vol.1, No 1, (1970), .3-21. Herbert Marcuse, A Critique of
Pure Tolerance, 1969. Slavoj Zizek, ;
() [-: , :
], Scripta, 2002. , Michael Curtis

, Michael
Curtis, Retreat from Totalitarianism, Carl Friedrich, Michael Curtis and Bejamin Barber
(.), Totalitarianism in Perspective: Three Views, 1969, .53-116.
,
Benjamin Barber, Conceptual Foundations of Totalitarianism, ., . 3-39.
49
Les K. Adler, Thomas G. Paterson, Red Fascism: The Merger of Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia
in the American Image of Totalitarianism, 1930s-1950s, American Historical Review, vol.75, no4,
(1970), pp. 1046-1064. Thomas G. Paterson, Meeting the Communist Threat. Truman to Reagan,
Oxford University Press, 1988, . 3-17.
50
Les K. Adler, Thomas G. Paterson, . ., . 1046, 1054.
44
,

.
,
.
,
, , .
1945,

.

, 51.
Adler Paterson
, ,

1930 52.
,
Orwell, Huxley, Koestler.53
,
.
,

54.

55.

,
.
51
Les K. Adler, Thomas G. Paterson, . ., .1055. Thomas G. Paterson, Meeting the

Communist Threat. Truman to Reagan, Oxford University Press, 1988, . 3-17.
52
Les K. Adler, Thomas G. Paterson, . ., .1061.
53
Ibid, . 1061-1063. Orwell ( ,
1984) , Tony
Shaw, Hollywoods Cold War, Edinburg University Press, 2007, .72-94.
54
John Lewis Gaddis, The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, . ., . 233.
55
Ibid, .35.
45
Arthur Sulzberger
. ,
,
56.
,
,
,
.
2.4 ,

,

. Anders Stephanson

. ,
, ,
, , ,
57.

,
1945 Brookings
Institution. ,
,

.

,
, .
.
56
Ibid, .35-36.
Anders Stephanson, The Cold War considered as a US project, Silvio Pons and Federico
Romero (.), . ., .58-59.
57
46
, ,
, . ,
,

. ,
,
58. , M. Leffler

,

(preponderance)59.
, Kennan 1948

,

,
60.
, ,
. , ,
, , , ,
,
, ,
, .
,
,

61.
58
Melvyn P. Leffler, A Preponderance of Power: National Security, the Truman Administration and
the Cold War, Stanford University Press, 1992, .10-15. Melvyn P. Leffler, The
American Conception of National Security and the Beginnings of the Cold War, The American
Historical Review, Vol.89, No 2 (April 1984), .346-381.
59
Melvyn P. Leffler, A Preponderance of Power, . ., .18-19.
60
John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment. A Critical Appraisal of American National Security
Policy during the Cold War, Oxford University Press, 2005, .25-26.
61
Ibid, .29.
47

. , ,

.
,
.
.
,
,
, , . , , . -
(anti-appeasement)
. H. W. Brands, -,
62.
,

.

1950 (5/1/1957).

,

63. ,
,
62
H. W. Brands, The Devil We Knew: Americans and the Cold War, Oxford University Press,
1993, .223-224.
63
Ray Takehy, The Origins of the Eisenhower Doctrine. The US, Britain and Nassers Egypt, 19531957, Palgrave Macmillan Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, 2000, .152.
48

64.
Arthur Schlesinger Jr, 1950,
, ,
(CIA), (FBI)
(National Security Council)
.
, ,
65.

.
: 1/3
( 5% ) 1950 60%
( 12% )66.
,
.
,

.

,
,
67.
,

68.
64
Ibid, .142-159.
, .1-25.
65
Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Some Lessons from the Cold War, Michael J. Hogan (.), . .,
.56-57.
66
Ernest R. May, The US Government, a Legacy of the Cold War, Michael J. Hogan (.),
. ., .223-228.
67
68
Ibid, .325.
49

.
(1945)
:

69.

. ,

,
. ,
,

,
70.

. ,
(- 1947), ,
,

71.

-,
.

69
Ibid, .237.
Melvyn P. Leffler, The Beginning and the End: Time, Context and the Cold War, Olav
Njolstad (.), The Last Decade of the Cold War. From Conflict Escalation to Conflict
Transformation, Frank Cass, 2004, .33. Richard J. Barnet, A Balance
Sheet: Lippmann, Kennan, and the Cold War, Michael J. Hogan (.), . ., .121-122.
71
70
50

72.
, 1947,
31 1947,

. ,

, ,
.

.
,
, Kennan
. ,

73.
,
74.

,
.

.
,
75.
72
Ibid, .239-260.
John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment, . .
74
Bruce R. Kuniholm, The Origins of the Cold War in the Near East. Great Power Conflict and
Diplomacy in Iraq, Turkey and Greece, Princeton University Press, 1980, . 350-355.
Pierre de Senarclens, . ., .192-194. Henry Butterfield Ryan, The Vision of Anglo-America: The
US-UK Alliance and the Emerging Cold War 1943-1946, Cambridge University Press,
1987, . 121-173. Robert Frazier, Anglo-American Relations with Greece. The Coming of the Cold
War, 1942-1947, St. Martins Press, 1991, .120-156. D. Cameron Watt, Succeeding
John Bull. America in Britains Place, 1900-1975, Cambridge University Press, 1989,
.90-110.
75
John Lewis Gaddis, The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, . ., .317-318. Richard
Crockatt, . ., .73-74.
73
51

,
.
12 1947.
,
76.

- .77
,
78: ...
,
79.
John Lewis Gaddis
,
80.

. Robert Frazier
: ,

. Frazier
: ) ,
-
, )
76

John Lewis Gaddis, . ., .317-.
78
Ibid, .348-352. Howard Jones, A New Kind of War. Americas Global Strategy and the
Truman Doctrine in Greece, Oxford University Press, 1989, . 36-62. David Reynolds,
The Big Three and the Division of Europe, 1945-48: An Overview, Diplomacy and Statecraft, 1
(1990), 117-136. Paul Y. Hammond, Cold War and Dtente: The American Foreign Policy since 1945,
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975.
79
Howard Jones, . ., .43.
80
John Lewis Gaddis, . ., .352.
77
52
,
81.
1947, Dean Acheson

. ,
,
82. ,

.
, ,

83. 5
1947,
.
,

84.
, 4 1949
. 9
81
Robert Frazier, Anglo-American Relations with Greece, . ., .157-161.

Bruce Kuniholm, The Origins of
the Cold War in the Near East, . ., .420-421.
John Mueller, Quiet Cataclysm: Some Afterthoughts on
World War III, Michael J.Hogan (.), . ., .40.
, Mark Kramer, Power, Politics, and the Long Duration of the Cold War,
Silvio Pons and Federico Romero (.), . ., . 21.
,
. .. Alexei Filitov

,
. , 1948,

, Alexei Filitov, Victory in the Postwar Era: Despite the
Cold War or Because of It?, Michael J.Hogan (.), . ., .79.
82
Anders Stephanson, Liberty or Death: The Cold War as US Ideology, Odd Arne Westad
(.), . ., .81-82.
83
Pierre de Senarclens, . ., .214. Klaus Schwabe, The Origins of the United States Engagement
in Europe, 1946-1952, Francis H. Heller and John R. Gillingham (.), . ., .165.
84
Pierre de Senarclens, . ., .222. Paul Y. Hammond, . ., .40-44.
53
(North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO)85.

,

, 86. ,
87 88 ad hoc ,
,

.
5

( )
.
89. ,

.
.
Dean Acheson
85
Alfred Grosser, France and Germany in the Atlantic Community, International Organization,
Vol.17, No 3, (Summer 1963), .550.
86
Lawrence S. Kaplan, After Forty Years: Reflections on NATO as a Research Field, Francis H.
Heller and John R. Gillingham (.), . ., .17-18. Irwin M. Wall, France and the North
Atlantic Alliance, Francis H. Heller and John R. Gillingham (.), . ., .45-55. Klaus
Schwabe, The Origins of the United States Engagement in Europe, 1946-1952, Francis H.
Heller and John R. Gillingham (.), . ., .170-173.
, Charles S.Maier, Alliance and Autonomy:
European Identity and US Foreing Policy Objectives in the Truman Years, Michael Lacey
(.), . ., . 273-298. ,
,

.

. , , , Geir
Lundestad, Empire by Invitation? The United States and Western Europe, 1945-1952, Journal of
Peace Research, 23 (September 1986), 263-277, , John Lewis
Gaddis, , Charles S.Maier, Alliance and Autonomy, . ., . 273-298.
87
Irwin M. Wall, France and the North Atlantic Alliance, . ., .45-55.
88
Peter Foot, Britain, European Unity and NATO, 1947-1950, Francis H. Heller and John R.
Gillingham (.), . ., .62-69.
89
Lawrence S. Kaplan, After Forty Years: Reflections on NATO as a Research Field, . ., .1718.
54
,
90.
, , ,
,

. ,
91.

. ,
,
1940,
, . ,
, ,

92.

(.. , ).

93.
,
,
,
,
90
Ibid, .20.
Irwin M. Wall, France and the North Atlantic Alliance, . ., .46.
92
Klaus Schwabe, The Origins of the United States Engagement in Europe, 1946-1952, . .,
.173-182.
93
Thomas A. Schwartz, Dual Containment: John J. McCloy, the American High Commission, and
European Integration, 1949-1952, Francis H. Heller and John R. Gillingham (.), . ., . 193209. Klaus Schwabe, The Origins of the United States Engagement in Europe, 1946-1952, . .,
.173-182. Major-General Edward Fursdon, The Role of the European Defense Community in
European Integration, Francis H. Heller and John R. Gillingham (.), . ., . 213-239.
Alan S. Milward, NATO, OEEC, and the Integration of Europe, Francis H. Heller and John R.
Gillingham (.), . ., . 241-251.
91
55
. ,
-94.
2.5
,

. ,

.

,

95.
,
.
19 ,
.

,
96.

20 ,
, , ,
97.
,
94
Jeremi Suri, The Normative Resilience of NATO: A community of shared values amid public
discord, Andreas Wenger, Christian Nuenlist and Anna Locher (.), Transforming NATO in
the Cold War. Challenges beyond Deterrence in the 1960s, Routledge, 2007, . 17-23.
95
Linda Gordon, Hating Amerika. Anti-Americanism and the American Left, Andrew Ross and
Kristin Ross (.), . ., . 275-276.
96
Philippe Roger, L Ennemi Americain, . ., .13-14.
97
Andrew Ross, The Domestic Front, Andrew Ross and Kristin Ross
(.), . ., . 285.
56
98.
20 .

99. ,
,
100. ,
, , 101. Eric Hobsbawm,

,
...102

. ,
,
. ,

, ,
103.

, ,
.
,
.
, ,
,
.

-
98
Linda Gordon, Hating Amerika. Anti-Americanism and the American Left, . ., . 275-276.
Andrew Ross, The Domestic Front, . ., . 284.
100
Linda Gordon, . ., .275-276.
101
Joseph McCarthy, Speech at Wheeling, Emily S. Rosenberg, Norman L. Rosenberg, Postwar
America. Readings and Reminiscences, Prentice-Hall Inc, New Jersey 1976, . 35-37.
102
Eric Hobsbawm, , . ., .301.
103
Robert K. Carr, The Un-American Activities Committee, The University of Chicago Law Review,
Vol.18, No3 (Spring 1951), . 599-600.
99
57
. ,
.
:
... 104.
Charles S. Maier ,

.

,
.
, ,

.
,
.
Maier,
,
.
,

.
,
.

. ,

,
105.

Maier
104
Thomas G. Paterson, Meeting the Communist Threat, . ., . 18-19.

Charles S.Maier, Alliance and Autonomy, . ., . 273-298. Charles S.Maier, The Politics of
Productivity: Foundations of American International Economic Policy after World War II, Peter
J. Katzenstein (.), Between Power and Plenty: The Foreign Economic Policies of Advanced
Industrial States, University of Wisconsin Press, 1978, . 23-49.
105
58
-,
, . Maier

,

106.
, Susan Buck-Morss

, ,
.
( ),
, ,

107.
,
,
-,
. ,
- 1960,
.
, M.
Isserman M. Kazin, ,

108.
,

109.

106
Charles S. Maier, The Cold War as an Era of Imperial Rivalry, Silvio Pons and Federico
Romero (.), . ., . 16-20.
107
Susan Buck-Morss, Dreamworld and Catastrophe, . ., . 35.
108
Maurice Isserman and Michael Kazin, America Divided. The Civil War of the 1960s, Oxford
University Press, / 2004, . 2-4.
109
Ibid, . 67.
59

110.

. Malcolm X
, : ,
.
... .
111.
Martin Luther King

:
... ,

, ,
112.

, c
k America. , Amerika
,

113.
,

114.
110
Andrew Ross, The Domestic Front, Andrew Ross and Kristin Ross (.), . ., . 284.
John Kuo Wei Tchen, Vigilante Americanism, Andrew Ross and Kristin Ross (.), . .,
.304.
112
Ibid, .305-306. Martin Luther King
, 4 1967
.
113
Linda Gordon, Hating Amerika. Anti-Americanism and the American Left, . ., . 274.
114
Ibid, . 278-279.
111
60
2.6.

,
.

. , ,

115.
Ron Robin
. , ,
,
,
.
,
. ,
116.
,
,
117.
,
. , Robin

,
118.
, ,
...
115
Warren Susman, with the assistance of Edward Griffin, Did Success Spoil the United States? Dual
Representations in Postwar America, Lary May (.), Recasting America: Culture and
Politics in the Age of Cold War, The University of Chicago Press, 1989, .23. Elaine Tyler
May, Explosive Issues: Sex, Women and the Bomb, Lary May (.), . ., .154-168.
116
Ron Robin, The Making of the Cold War Enemy, Princeton University Press, 2003, .3.
117
Ibid, .3-5.
118
Ibid, .5.
61
, -
119.

(modernization theory),
,
,
.

120.
,

,
(dependency theory)

121.
, ,
,
. ,
, ,
. Terence Ball
,
,
,
.
, Ball

, 122.
119
Ibid, .15.
Ibid, .29-30.
121
Greg Grandin, The Narcissism of Violent Differences, . ., .20.
122
Terence Ball, The Politics of Social Science in Postwar America, Lary May (.), . .,
.81-86. , Ball
Samuel Stouffer, Communism, Conformity, and Civil Liberties (1955), Gabriel Almond, The Appeals of
Communism (1954).
120
62
,

, 1940
1960. ,

, ,
1970 123.
, ,
, ,
124.

,
125.

126.
,
.
. , ,

.
,
, ,
. , ,

. ,
,
127.
123
Aaron L. Friedberg, The United States and the Cold War Arms Race, Odd Arne Westad
(.), . ., .214.
124
Warren Susman, with the assistance of Edward Griffin, Did Success Spoil the United States? Dual
Representations in Postwar America, . ., .23-24.
125
Fred Halliday, The Making of the Second Cold War, Verso, 1989, .106.
126
Eric Hobsbawm, . ., .300.
127
Ron Robin, . ., . 96.
63

, :
,
...

.
, ,
...

128.
(United States Information AgencyUSIA)
. ,
, ,
,
. ,
,
, 129.
1947,

130.
, (the United States
Information and Educational Exchange Act)
, ,

131. 1946 ( Fulbright)
128
Manuela Aguilar, Cultural Diplomacy and Foreign

Policy. German-American Relations 1955-1968, Peter Lang Publishing, 1996, .54.
129
Ibid, .53.
130
Ninkovich A. Frank, The Diplomacy of Ideas: US Foreign Policy and Cultural Relations 19381950, Cambridge University Press, 1981, .135.
131
Manuela Aguilar, . ., .41.
64
()
132.
,

.
(Congress for Cultural Freedom),
,
, , , ,
, 133. (CIA)
(CCF)134

,
135.

.
,
, 136.
Andrew Ross,

137.
, 1936 ,
1947 , ,
132
Ibid, .41.
Introduction, Alexander Stephan (.), The Americanization of Europe. Culture, Diplomacy,
and Anti-Americanism after 1945, Berghahn Books, / 2007, .2.
134
Congress for Cultural Freedom Committee for Cultural Freedom,
1939

. Volker Berghahn, America and the Intellectual Cold Wars in Europe, . .,
.115-116.
135
Andrew Ross, The Domestic Front, . ., .284.
136
Frances Stonor Saunders, The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters, New
Press, 1999, .148. , Alexander Stephan, A Special German Case of Cultural
Americanization, Alexander Stephan (.), . ., .77.
, Volker Berghahn, . ., .143-213.
CCF, Richard H. Pells, The Liberal Mind in a
Conservative Age. American Intellectuals in the 1940s and 1950s, Wesleyan University Press,
Middletown 1989, .80.
137
Andrew Ross, . ., .284. Frances Stonor Saunders, . .
133
65
138.
,

,
. ,

139.
CCF
CIA140.
1947,
, Melvin Lasky
. Lasky
141,
Bell, Schlesinger, Galbraith, Levitas . ,
,
Arthur Koestler, Bertrand Russell, Isaiah Berlin, Raymond Aron .
Partisan Review, New Leader,
Commentary, , ,
142.

, Lasky
(International Committee for Cultural Freedom),
1950. ,
(Benedetto Croce, John Dewey,
Karl Jaspers, Jacques Maritain, Bertrand Russell),
,
138
Volker Berghahn, . ., .143.

Ibid, .184.
140
Ibid, .219-249. CCF CIA

1960 CCF,
(1967) International Association for Cultural Freedom (IACF).
141
, Richard H. Pells,
The Liberal Mind in a Conservative Age, . ., .56-161.
142
Volker Berghahn, . ., .127-129.
139
66
.
CCF143.
CCF ,
, .
, CCF ,
,
,
, 144.
, CCF
(, , , ,
, ), Preuves, Der Monat
Tempo Presente.

, .
, , ,
. ,
,
145.
1950,

(Campaign of Truth)146.

:
, , ,

...
...
143
Ibid, .130-131.
Ibid, .132-134.
145
Ibid, .140-142.
146
Alexander Stephan, A Special German Case of Cultural Americanization, . ., .77.
144
67
,
147.
, ,
.

,
.
,
148. ,
.
,
, ,
,149 .

, 150.

1959
(kitchen debate) .
,
,

147
Charles Alexander Thomson Walter H.C. Laves, Cultural Relations and

US Foreign Policy, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 1963, .86. , Manuela Aguilar, .
., .54.
148
, ,
. , : ,
(1949), , (1947), ,
(1957), ,
(1962), Warren Susman, . ., .26.
149

, Lary May, Movie Star Politics: The
Screen Actors Guild, Cultural Conversion, and the Hollywood Red Scare, Lary May (.), .
., .125-149.
150
Jackson Lears, A Matter of Taste: Corporate Cultural Hegemony in a Mass-Consumption Society,
Lary May (.), . ., .41-42.
68
151. ,
152.

Eric Johnston,
/ 1940:
( ) ...
. 153.
,
154,
155.
, FBI, Edgar Hoover :

... ;...
, , , ,
156.
, ,
,
157. CIA

158.

,
1940 1960.
151
Lary May, Introduction, Lary May (.), . ., .5.

, Annabel Jane Wharton

, Annabel Jane Wharton, Building the Cold War. Hilton International Hotels and Modern
Architecture, The University of Chicago Press, 2001.
153
Lary May, Movie Star Politics, . ., .145. Tony
Shaw, Hollywoods Cold War, Edinburg University Press, 2007, .46.
154

1940, Lary May, Movie Star Politics, . ., .125-149. ,
Reynold Humphries, Hollywoods Blacklists, Edinburg University Press, 2008.
155
Ibid, . 600.
156
Tony Shaw, . ., .42.
1947 .
157

CCF, Volker Berghahn, . ., .136-137.
158
Alexander Stephan, A Special German Case of Cultural Americanization, . ., .77.
152
69
, ,
, ,
,

159.
Tony Shaw
,
, FBI, CIA
(USIA). Shaw,
-
,
Hollywood
,
Hollywood
160.

. ,

1930,
. ,
161.
, Walk East on Beacon, (1952),
,
FBI, Edgar J. Hoover162.
159
Tony Shaw, . ., .1. Tony Shaw

Hollywood ,
, 1910
, ., .2, 11-23.
Hollywood
.
160
Ibid, .4, 200-226.
161
Michael Rogin, Kiss Me Deadly: Communism, Motherhood and Cold War Movies,
Representations, No 6, (Spring 1984), . 2,11.
162
Ibid, .23
70
-163.
(.. My Son John,
1952, Kiss Me Deadly 1955, The Manchurian Candidate, 1962)
femme fatale
,
164. ,
165,
,
166. -
,
.

. , ,
, 167.

. (Invades from
Mars, 1953), (The Thing, 1951, Them!, 1954,
Body
Snatchers,
1956)
168.

, ,
,
169.
163
Tony Shaw, Hollywoods Cold War, . ., .60.

Michael Rogin, . ., . 5-16.
Hollywood Tony Shaw, . ., .42-44
165
Warren Susman, with the assistance of Edward Griffin, . ., .22-23.
166
1950, ,
, ,
baby boom, Elaine Tyler May, Explosive Issues, . ., . 154-168.
167
Elaine Tyler May, Homeward Bound. American Families in the Cold War Era, Basic Books,
2008. Elaine Tyler May, . ., .154-168.
168
Michael Rogin, . ., .9-11, 18, 27. , Tony Shaw, . ., .50-51. David Seed, American
Science Fiction and the Cold War, Edinburg University Press, 1999.
169

: Prisoner of War 1954, The Bamboo Prison
1954, The Rock 1956, Time Limit 1957, The Manchurian Candidate 1962, Sergeant Ryker
1968.
164
71

.

,

.

,
23
.

,

.
,
The Manchurian Candidate (1962)170.
,

,
.

. ,
( , 171,
) ,
, ,
,
172. ,
. Charles S. Young, Missing Action: POW Films, brainwashing and the
Korea War, 1954-1968, Historical Journal of Film, Radio, Television, Vol.18, No 1, (1998), .50.
170
Ibid, .50-55.
171
, Tony Shaw,
. ., .116-126.
172
Alan Nadel, Gods Law and the Wide Screen: The Ten Commandments as Cold War Epic,
PMLA, Vol.108, No 3, (May 1993), .415-430.
72
,
1950,

173.
.
, ,
()
,
174,

175.
,
, ,
176.
,

, .
,
.

.

Tom Engelhardt
(End of the Victory Culture).
, ,
,
173
Tony Shaw, . ., .103-128.

,
, , Erika Doss, The Art of Cultural
Politics: From Regionalism to Abstract Expressionism, Lary May (.), . ., .195-217.
175
Eva Cockcroft, Abstract Expressionism: Weapon of the Cold War, Art Forum 12, (June 1974),
. 39-41. Serge Guilbaut, How New York Stole the Idea of Modern Art: Abstract Expressionism,
Freedom and the Cold War, University of Chicago Press, 1983, .165-194.
176
Gay R. McDonald, The Launching of American Art in Postwar France: Jean Cassou and the Musee
National d Art Moderne, American Art, Vol.13, No 1 (Spring 1999), . 41-61.
174
73
, 177.
, ,

. ,
.
,
178.

. ,
,

179. , Red Dawn (1984),

,
- 180.
2.7

,
,
,
181. , ,
,
177
Tom Engelhardt, The End of Victory Culture. Cold War America and the Disillusioning of a
Generation, University of Massachusetts Press 1995, .215-226.
178
Naomi Greene, Coppola, Cimino: The Operatics of History, Film Quarterly, Vol.38, No 2 (winter
1984-1985), .28.
179
Michael Clark, Remembering Vietnam, Cultural Critique, No 3, American Representations of
Vietnam, (Spring 1986), .58, 78.
180
Tony Shaw, . ., .267-300.
181
Vladislav Zubok Constantine Pleshakov, Inside the Kremlins Cold War: from Stalin to
Khrushchev, Harvard University Press, , 1996, . 266-274. James G.
Hershberg, The Crisis Years, 1958-1963, Odd Arne Westad (.), . ., .303-320.
Richard Crockatt, The Fifty Years War, . ., .158-166.
Anders Stephanson 1963

, Anders Stephanson, The Cold War considered
as a US project, Silvio Pons and Federico Romero (.), . ., . 53-55.
74
,
182.

,

. ,
,
183.

,
, 1971-1974,
,
184.
1970
. , ,

. ,
(..
SALT-I 1972, 1975).
,
,
185.
, 1970,
,
-186.
, ,

. ,
182
Richard Ned Lebov Janice Gross Stein, We All Lost the Cold War, Princeton University Press,
1994, .5.
183
Richard Crockatt, The Fifty Years War, . ., .235-236. Jussi M. Hanhimaki, Ironies and
Turning Points: Dtente in Perspective, Odd Arne Westad (.), . ., .328.
184
Richard Crockatt, . ., .246-247. Paul Y. Hammond, Cold War and Dtente, . ., .269-276.
185
Fred Halliday, The Making of the Second Cold War, . ., .1-11.
186
Mark Kramer, Power, Politics, and the Long Duration of the Cold War, Silvio Pons and
Federico Romero (.), . ., . 32. , Richard
Crockatt, . ., .230-234.
75
,
187.
, ,
,

. ,
, ,
188.
,
,
,
.
(1974):
,
189.
,
, ,
,
. (1979)

190.
, 1979-1983

191.
,
187
Jussi M. Hanhimaki, Ironies and Turning Points, . ., .326-338.

, Richard Crockatt, . .,
.207-230.
188
Raymond L. Garthoff, Dtente and Confrontation: American-Soviet Relations from Nixon to
Reagan, The Brookings Institution, 1994, .27-73.
189
John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment, . ., .286-289.
190
Raymond L. Garthoff, . ., .27-73.
191
Fred Halliday, . . , Halliday
, 1946-1953, .1-12.
, Leopoldo Nuti, On recule pour
mieux sauter, or What needs to be done (to understand the 1970s), . ., . 41.
, Leopoldo Nuti, .
., .41.
76

. , .
,
192. , ,
, ,
. , ,
,
. ,
,

193.

. .
,
194.
,
1974 . ,
,
(, .)
195
( 1983).
, ,

. ,
196.

(1977),
. ,
192
Arno Mayer, The Cold War is Over, Democracy, Vol.2, no 1, January 1982, .32.
Fred Halliday, . ., .19-22.
194
Ibid, .13.
195
Ibid, .14, 81-104. Odd Arne Westad, Reagans Anti-Revolutionary Offensive in the Third
World, Olav Njolstad (.), . ., .241-259.
196
Odd Arne Westad, . ., .248.
193
77

.
197. ,

, 198.

.
1983, . ,
.199 1986, ,

.
-
200. ,

,
,
201.

,
202. ,
, ,

203.
197

Raymond L. Garthoff, The US Role in Winding Down the Cold War, 1980-90, Olav Njolstad
(.), . ., .179. Olav Njolstad, The Carter Legacy: Entering the Second Era of the Cold
War, Olav Njolstad (.), . ., .196-219.
199
John Lewis Gaddis, The US and the End of the Cold War. Implications, Reconsiderations,
Provocations, Oxford University Press, 1992, .62-64.
200
Odd Arne Westad, Reagans Anti-Revolutionary Offensive in the Third World, . ., .258.
201
Ronald Steel, The End and the Beginning, Michael J.Hogan (.), . ., .105.
202
203
Mark Kramer, Power, Politics, and the Long Duration of the Cold War, Silvio Pons and
Federico Romero (.), . ., . 33.
198
78
,
,
.
:
, ...
204.
, Halliday

,
,

. ,
,
.
Halliday, 1945,
1985, 40 ,
Bitburg
Waffen-SS205.
2.8
.
206.
1980,
G. Kennan, R. McNamara, Foreign Affairs,

.
,
204
John Lewis Gaddis, The US and the End of the Cold War, . ., .123.
Fred Halliday, . ., .243.
206
H. W. Brands, The Devil We Knew: Americans and the Cold War, Oxford University Press,
1993, . 190.
205
79

207.
.

208. ,

, ,

209. H. W.
Brands, .
...
. ,

210.
. O George
Kennan
. ,
.
, Kennan
1948-1949 ,
. ,
1960
.
,

.

207
Bundy, Kennan, McNamara and Smith, Nuclear Weapons and the Atlantic Alliance, Foreign
Affairs, Spring 1982.
208
H. W. Brands, . ., . 194.
209
Ronald Steel, The End and the Beginning, Michael J.Hogan (.), . ., .105.
210
H. W. Brands, . ., . 194.
80
,
211.
Kennan
. , Jeanne Kirkpatrick,

212,
,
.
,
. ,

,
. ,

213.

Charles Krauthammer214, ,

, .
,
, 19
,
215.
Krauthammer
. ,
211
George Kennan, Obituary for the Cold War, New Perspectives Quarterly, Summer 1988.
H. W. Brands, . ., . 204-205.
212
, Kirkpatrick ,
, ,
.
, ,
.
213
Jeanne Kirkpatrick, The Withering Away of the State?, New Perspectives Quarterly, winter 198889. H. W. Brands, . ., .205.
214
Krauthammer ,
, 80,
.
215
Charles Krauthammer, Beyond the Cold War, New Republic, December 18, 1988.
H. W. Brands, . ., . 206-207.
81

/
, . ,
,
,
.
,
.
, , ,
,
.

. ,
216.
Zbigniew Brezinsky,

.
, Brezinsky

217.
, Francis
Fukuyama
,
.
, 18 20
. ,
20
.
,
. Fukuyama,
216
Ibid.
Zbigniew Brezinsky, The Grand Failure: The Birth and Death of Communism in the Twentieth
Century, Charles Scribners Sons, 1989, .1, 47-48, 242. H. W.
Brands, . ., . 207-208.
217
82

218.
Fukuyama , ,
.

.

219.

.
, ,

,
220.

,
221.
, - Fukuyama
. ,

.
: ,
,
, , , ,
, ,
218
Francis Fukuyama, The End of History?, National Interest, Summer 1989. H.

W. Brands, . ., . 208-209.
219
Ibid.
, Fukuyama
, ,
, .
Francis Fukuyama, The End of History, Five Years Later, History and Theory, Vol.34, No2, (May
1995), . 27-43. , Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man, Penguin Books,
1992.
220
Francis Fukuyama, Liberal Democracy as a Global Phenomenon, Political Science and Politics,
Vol.24, No4, (December 1991), . 659-664.
221
Francis Fukuyama, The End of History, Five Years Later, . ., . 43.
83

222.
1990, Kirkpatrick
, 1989-1990
. ,
223,
, ,
224.

,
. ,
,
,
.
,
: ,
... .
() 225.
,
1989. Melvyn Leffler,
G.Bush ,

,
-

226.
222
Ibid. H. W. Brands, . ., . 209.

Jeane Kirkpatrick, The Withering Away of the Totalitarian Stateand Other Surprises, AEI Press
1990, .1-5. , Jeane Kirkpatrick, Beyond the Cold War, Foreign Affairs,
Vol.69, No 1, (1989-1990), .1-16.
224
Jeane Kirkpatrick, The Withering Away of the Totalitarian State, . ., .286.
225
Ibid, .290-291.
226
Melvyn P. Leffler, The Beginning and the End: Time, Context and the Cold War, Olav
Njolstad (.), . ., .33.
Fukuyama 1987, Francis
Fukuyama, Patterns of Soviet Third World Policy, Problems of Communism (September-October
1987, .12. John Mueller, Quiet Cataclysm: Some
Afterthoughts on World War III, Michael J.Hogan (.), . ., .41.
223
84
1989

227.
New York Times 1989228.

. 1990

229. ,
H. W. Brands ,
,
230.

.
.
, ,
,
231.
,
. H. W. Brands

. ,

. ,
,
.
,
: ; ;
; ;
227
Geir Lundestad, The European Role at the Beginning and Particularly the End of the Cold War,
Olav Njolstad (.), . ., .72.
228
John Mueller, . ., .41.
229
H. W. Brands, . ., .212-217.
230
Ibid, .218-221.
231
Ibid, .221-228.
85

;232.

233. ,

.

234.
, , 11
2009,
,
235.
2.9
,
,
. , ,
/ ,

, ,
.
, ,
, , .
,
, ,
.
,
, ,
. , ,
232
Ibid, .221-228.
Ibid, .218.
234
Samuel P. Huntington, The
Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Simon&Schuster, 1996.
235
, Marvin Perry and Howard Negrin (.), The Theory and Practice of Islamic
Terrorism, Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire 2008.
233
86
, .
,
,
. , ,
,
,
.
87
3:
:
, .
3.1

. ,
,
. ,
.
,
, B

. ,
,

,
, ,
.
, .
. ,
,
1.
Life, Henry Luce,
1941,

2.
Introduction, Alexander Stephan (.), The Americanization of Europe. Culture, Diplomacy,
and Anti-Americanism after 1945, Berghahn Books, / 2007, .8. David S.
Painter and Melvyn P. Leffler, Introduction: The International System and the Origins of the Cold
War, Melvyn P.Leffler and David S.Painter (.), Origins of the Cold War. An International
History, Routledge, 1994, .3.
2
Ivan Krastev, Introduction, Alan McPherson and Ivan Krastev (.), The Anti-American
Century, Central European University Press, 2007, .1
88
,
18 , ,

. ,
,
.
, ,
. ,
, ,
.
,

(1516) (1627)
, .
, , ,
3.
, tabula rasa,
. ,
.
,
20 ,
4

, ,
, .
,
.
, ,

Dan Diner, America in the Eyes of the Germans. An Essay on Anti-Americanism, Markus Wiener
Publishers, 1996, . 3-4. David M. Kennedy, Imagining America: The Promise and Peril
of Boundlessness, Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane (.), Anti-Americanisms in
World Politics, . ., .39-45.
4
David M. Kennedy, . ., .45-51.
89
5. ( )

.

, volk,
6.

. Alexis de Tocqueville
7.
,
,
,
8.
, ,
, ,
, . ,
.
, Dan Diner, 500
.
-
-
, 9.
, , ,
,
5
Dan Diner, . ., .7-8.

, Barry Rubin and Judith Colp Rubin, Hating America: A History,
Oxford University Press, 2004, .3-19.
6
James Ceaser, The Philosophical Origins of Anti-Americanism in Europe, Paul Hollander
(.), Understanding Anti-Americanism, . ., .48-49.
, Barry Rubin and Judith Colp
Rubin, . ., .21-43.
7
Alexis de Tocqueville [: , :
], , 1996.
8
, [: ], ,
(.) .96.
9
Dan Diner, . ., .5-6.
90
.

10. , Brian Klug
,
, ,
11.
, ,
,

12. Philippe Roger,
,
13.
,
,
,
.
.
14.

,
.
,
1960 ,
(., , , )

10
Ibid, .20.
Brian Klug, A Plea for Distinctions-Disentangling Anti-Americanism from Anti-Semitism,
Alan McPherson and Ivan Krastev (.), . ., .127-153.
12
Dan Diner, . ., .22. Richard Kuisel, Seducing the French: the dilemma of Americanization, .
., .6. Russell A. Berman, Anti-Americanism in Europe, . ., . 76-77. ,
Said
, Edward D. Said,
, [: ], , 1996, .16-20.
13
Philippe Roger, L Ennemi Americain, . ., .370.
14
Ibid, .15. , Emilio Gentile, Impending Modernity: Fascism and the Ambivalent Image of
the United States, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol.28 (1993), .9.
11
91
15.
Pierangelo
Isernia
,

,

. ,
,
,
,
16.

/ ,
,
17
.
,
, , , .
15
Bruce Russett and Donald R. DeLuca, Theater Nuclear Forces: Public Opinion in Western Europe,
Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 98, No 2, (summer 1983) .191-192.
:
,
, , ,
;. , 1974, ,
, : , 61%, , 62%, , 61%, , 60%.
47%, 62%, 51%, 54%. , Leo P. Crespi, West
European Perceptions of the United States, Political Psychology, Vol.4, No 4, (1983), . 720.
16
, Isernia
1952-1970 , , .,
Pierangelo Isernia, Anti-Americanism in Europe during the Cold War, Peter J. Katzenstein and
Robert O. Keohane (.), Anti-Americanisms in World Politics, . ., .83-91.
17
Manuela Aguilar,

.
,
, , , ,
, , .

,

. , Manuela
Aguilar, Cultural Diplomacy and Foreign Policy. German-American Relations 1955-1968, Peter Lang
Publishing, 1996, .8.
92
,
Volker Berghahn
, ,
,
,
,
18.
1945
, ,
,
19
20 .

20.
,

21.

22.
,
,
23.
,
18
Volker Berghahn, America and the Intellectual Cold Wars in Europe, Princeton University Press
2001, . xix.
19
19
20
20 , Volker Berghahn, . ., .86-92.
20
Introduction, . ., .1-2, 14.
21
Dan Diner, . ., .23-24.
22
Rob Kroes, Imaginary Americas in Europes Public Space, Alexander Stephan (.), . .,
.351.
23
1918-1920,

, Victoria de Grazia, Mass
Culture and Sovereignty: The American Challenge to European Cinemas, 1920-1960, The Journal of
Modern History, Vol.61, No 1, (March 1989), . 53-87.
93

24.
,
, 1960-1970
,
, ,
, ,
25.
/ (Americanization)
,

. ,
,
, 26.
, Mary Nolan
,
,
, ,
27.
,
, .

28. ,
,
,
24
Introduction, . ., .16. Rob Kroes, Imaginary Americas in Europes Public Space, . .,
.348.
25
Alexander Stephan, . ., .15.
26
Ibid, .16. Rob Kroes, . ., .348.
27
Mary Nolan, Anti-Americanization in Germany, Andrew Ross and Kristin Ross (.),
Anti-Americanism, New York University Press, 2004, .138-139.
28
Dan Diner, . ., .27.
94
1960-1970,
29.

, ,
, Rob Kroes
, ,
. , ,

. , , ,
, ,

20 . ,
,

,
30.

, ,
31. , ,

, ,
32.
, ,

,
33.
29
Alexander Stephan, . ., .15. Michael Freund, Affinity and Resentment: A Historical Sketch of
German Attitudes, Paul Hollander (.), Understanding Anti-Americanism, . ., .114115.
30
Rob Kroes, . ., .346-351.
31
Sophie Meunier, The Distinctiveness of French Anti-Americanism, Peter J. Katzenstein and
Robert O. Keohane (.), . ., .147.
32
Alexander Stephan, . ., .14. Russell A. Berman, . ., . 76-77.
33
Russell A.Berman, . ., . xi-xii, 9-10. Paul Hollander, Introduction: The New Virulence
and Popularity, Paul Hollander (.), . ., .12-14. ,

95
3.2
,
,

.

34.
,
,
.

.

. , ,
.
,
35.
,
,

.
18 ( 1776, 1789)
,
, .
, (civilization),
(culture).
,
,
Dr. Philipp Gassert,
1898 11 2001
.
: http://www.ghi-dc.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=144&Itemid=156
1945-1989 .
34
Sander L.Gilman, Introduction, Dan Diner, . ., xvi-xvii.
35
Dan Diner, . ., .25-26.
96
36. ,
, -

37.
,
.
,
38.
, ,
19 ,
.

, ,
, (noble savage)
,
39.
, , ,
1848/9.
,
,
.
20 ,
,
. ,
,
.

36
Dan Diner, . ., .31-37.

Ibid, .41.
38
Ibid, .15-22. ,
, Nathalie Dessens, :
-, [
: Sylvie Mathe, : , :
], : , [ : ,
: ], , 2002, .47-59.
39
Dan Diner, . ., .44. Michael Freund, Affinity and Resentment: A Historical Sketch of German
Attitudes, . ., .110.
37
97
,
40.

.
,
. ,
, ,
,
41.

,

. ,
,
,
.
, ,

42.
43
.

,
44. ,
,
,
40
Dan Diner, . ., .46-51.

Ibid, .27, 69.
42
Ibid, 55-73.
43
Ibid, .20. ,
, Omer Bartov, Defining Enemies, Making Victims:
German, Jews and the Holocaust, The American Historical Review, Vol.103, No 3, (June 1998),
.779-785. , -
, Philippe Roger, . ., .464-467.
44
,
,
. ,
, Emilio Gentile, Impending Modernity: Fascism and the
Ambivalent Image of the United States, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol.28 (1993), .7-20.
41
98
. , 1941,
.
,

. 45.

,

, ,
,
Volkswagen. ,
,
46.
,
,
.
,
.
,
1950 196047.
,
.
,
.
,
,
194548. ,
.
49.
45
Dan Diner, . ., .82-103.

Ibid, .85-87.
47
Mary Nolan, Anti-Americanization in Germany, . ., .127.
48
Alexander Stephan, A Special German Case of Cultural Americanization, . ., .69-70.
49
Harald Mueller and Thomas Risse-Kappen, Origins of Estrangement. The Peace Movement and the
Changed Image of America in West Germany, International Security, Vol.12, No 1, (summer 1987),
.53, 72-73.
46
99
,
,
.
.

.
1948- 1949
50.
Dan Diner
,

51.
.
, ,
, ,

52.
,
,
,
, .
,
53 , ,
.

50
Vol.17, No 3, (Summer 1963), .555.
51
, Alexander Stephan
, Alexander
Stephan, A Special German Case of Cultural Americanization, . ., .78-79.
52
John Willoughby, The Sexual Behavior of American GIs during the early years of the Occupation
of Germany, The Journal of Military History, Vol.62, No 1, (January 1998), .155-174.
53
,
/ , Harald Mueller
Thomas-Risse-Kappen
, ,
, Harald Mueller and Thomas-Risse-Kappen, . ., .73.
100

54.
, ,
,
55.
, , .

,
, . ,

56.
, ,
1980
,
, AIDS. AIDS
, . ,

20 , ,
,
. ,
,
,
. ,
54
Dan Diner, . ., .109-112.

,
, , . ,

, Omer Bartov, . ., .787-790. , Robert G. Moeller, War Stories: The Search for a
Usable Past in the Federal Republic of Germany, The American Historical Review, Vol.101, No 4,
(October 1996), . 1008-1048.
56
Omer Bartov, . ., .790.
Heimat
(1984), Rainer Werner Fassbinder (1979).
Heimat,
, Michael E. Geisler, Heimat
and the German Left: The Anamnesis of a Trauma, New German Critique, No 36, (autumn 1985),
.63-66.

, Uta G. Poiger, Rock n Roll, Female Sexuality and the Cold War Battle over
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55
101

57.
, 1945,
1947,
,
, 58.
,

. 1960 ,

59.

.

. ,

, .

,
. ,
60.
1950

57
Sandler L.Gilman, Plague in Germany, 1939/1989: Cultural Images of Race, Space and Disease,
Modern Language Notes (MLN), Vol.104, No5, Comparative Literature, (December 1989), .11591165.
58

, Manuela Aguilar, Cultural Diplomacy and Foreign Policy, . ., .69-73,
128-170. , Sephard Stone,
Ford, Volker Berghahn, . ., .52-76,
59
Alexander Stephan, A Special German Case of Cultural Americanization, . ., .70-79.
60
Ibid, .72-75.
102
61.

-.

62. ,
,
63.

,
, .
,
, , ,
,
,

64.
1960, .
65
.
,
,
61
Uta G. Poiger, . ., .591.

,

, Alfred Grosser, France and Germany in the Atlantic Community, International
Organization, Vol.17, No 3, (Summer 1963), .556.
SPD 1950, Henry L. Bretton, The German Social Democratic
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63
Dan Diner, . ., .109-112.
64
Kurt P. Tauber, German Nationalists and European Union, Political Science Quarterly, Vol.74, No
4, (December 1959), .564-589.
65
Volker Berghahn, The Americanization of West German Industry, 1945-1973, Cambridge University
Press, 1986. Albert Diegmann, American Deconcentration Policy in the Ruhr Coal
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62
103
1950. , 1970,

,
. 1970, ,
66.
, , .

1920, ,
. Mary Nolan

67. 1960,

. ,
68,
69. 1970 ,
Amerikakritik,
70.
Amerikakritik
, , ,
,
, ,
.

,
71. ,
( , )

. ,
66
Mary Nolan, Anti-Americanization in Germany, . ., . 132.

Ibid, .134.
68
Manuela Aguilar, . ., .249-250.
69
Alexander Stephan, A Special German Case of Cultural Americanization, . ., .81. Michael
Freund, . ., .114-115.
70
Mary Nolan, . ., .134.
71
Ibid, .134-138.
67
104
. ,
,
. ,
,
72.

, ,
,
.
,
,
.
,
73.
, ,
,
,

74.

,
1980 ,
, , , . .

,
.
1980,
75.
72
Mary Nolan, . ., .134-138.

Dan Diner, . ., .118-130.
74
75
Joseff Joffe, Peace and Populism: Why the European Anti-Nuclear Movement Failed,
International Security, Vol.11, No 4, (spring 1987), .3-4, 16-17. , Holger Nehring,
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73
105
, ,
,
, ,
76, .
,
1960,

77. ,
.
1981-1982,
,

78.
, ,
,
79. ,
,

80.

81-
beyond Deterrence in the 1960s, Routledge, 2007, . 131-143. ,

, Kim Salomon,
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(June 1986), 115-127. ,
,
, Leo P. Crespi,West European Perceptions of the United
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76

, Horst Mewes, The West German Green Party, New German Critique, No 28,
(winter 1983), .51-85.
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, Harald Mueller and
Thomas-Risse-Kappen, . ., .62.
78
Joseff Joffe, . ., . 3-6, 27.
79

, Harald Mueller and Thomas-Risse-Kappen, .
., .65-70.
80
Dan Diner, . ., .136-137. Horst Mewes, . ., .77-84.
, Joseff Joffe, . ., .9.
81
1980
, Hans-Georg Betz, Deutschlandpolitic on the Margins: On the
106
-- .
, 82,
. ,
, ,
, ,

,

83.
,

, ,

. ,
84.

,
. -

85. ,
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Hans-Georg Betz, . ., .128. Dan Diner, The National Question in the Peace MovementOrigins and Tendencies, New German Critique, Vol.28 (winter 1983), . 86-107. Harald Mueller
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Germany, New German Critique, No 34, (winter 1985), .14-27. Andrei S. Markovits and Philip
S.Gorski, The German Left: Red, Green and beyond, Polity Press, 1993.
83
Hans-Georg Betz, . ., . 129-155.
, Robert G. Moeller, War Stories: The Search for a
Usable Past in the Federal Republic of Germany, The American Historical Review, Vol.101, No 4,
(October 1996), . 1041-1048.
84
Michael Geyer and Michael Latham, The Place of the Second World War in German Memory and
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85
Hans-Georg Betz, . ., . 129-155.
107
, ,
86.
, Harald Mueller Thomas-RisseKappen ,
, : ) , )
, ) , )
.
1940,
,

. ,
1950 1960,
87,

,
, .
, ,
,
,
.
1970,
88 ,
,

89. 1980
,
86
Andrei S. Markovits, On Anti-Americanism in West Germany, . ., .17-27.

Manuela Aguilar
, Manuela Aguilar, . .,
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88

1980

, Harald Mueller and Thomas-Risse-Kappen, . ., .55-60.
89
Harald Mueller and Thomas-Risse-Kappen, . ., . 73-85.
87
108
,
90.
,

91.
,

, ,
92. ,
, , .
,
, 93.
,

.

94.
3.3 95
Philippe Roger
18 .

, .
.
,

90
Ibid, .53, 65.

Mary Nolan, Anti-Americanization in Germany, .134.
92
Ibid, .138.
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Dan Diner, . ., .120-122.
94
95
, Pierre Milza, Antiamericanisme, Jean-Francois Sirinelli (.), Dictionnaire de la vie politique francaise au
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91
109

96
Pierre Nora

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.
97. Susan Weiner
,
,
Toqueville, Aron, Baudrillard
98.
,
,
,
. ,
. , ,
99.
,
,

,
100.
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.
,
96
Philippe Roger, . ., .21-38.

Pierre Nora, America and the French Intellectuals, Daedalus, Vol.107, No 1, (winter 1978),
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, Marie-France Toinet
, Marie-France Toinet, French Pique and Piques Francaises, . .,
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98
Susan Weiner, Terre a Terre: Toqueville, Aron, Baudrillard and the American Way of Life, Yale
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Richard Kuisel, . ., .119-130, 235. Philippe Roger, . ., .439-480.
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Yves-Henri Nouailhat, Franco-American Relations: French Perspectives, Reviews in American
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110
18 ,
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- .
,
,
().

,
. , ,

102.
,
. 1926,
,
103.
,
,
,
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Dandieu Robert Aron Le Cancer Americain,

104. , ,
105
101

David Strauss, Menace in the West: The Rise of French Anti-Americanism in Modern Times,
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103
Benjamin D. Rhodes, Reassessing Uncle Shylock: The United States and the French War Debt,
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Yves-Henri Nouailhat, . ., .660.
104
Allan Stoekl, Trumans Apotheosis: Bataille, Plannisme and Headlessness, Yale French
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, Roger
. 19 ,
, , Philippe Roger, . .,
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102
111
.
Emmanuel Mounier, Esprit 106.
,
,
.
De Gaulle 107,
,
108. ,

. ,

.
, ,

, .

109.

,
: . ,
, .
110.

,
106
Richard Kuisel, . ., .12-13.

Christopher S. Thompson, Prologue to Conflict: De Gaulle and the United States, From First
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Raoul Aglion, Roosevel & De Gaulle: Allies in Conflict, 1988. Robert Dallek,
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Richard J. Golsan, From French Anti-Americanism and Americanization to the American
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Eugen Weber, La Fievre de la Raison: Nationalism and the French Right, World
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107
112
. ,

. ,
.
,
, ,
, 111.
.

.
, ,
.
, ,
,
, .

.
(19/6/1953), ,
,
112.

113. , ,
, 114.
,
,
111
Anthony Daniels, Sense of Superiority and Inferiority in French Anti-Americanism, Paul

Hollander (.), . ., .71-74.
112
Robert B. Glynn, L Affaire Rosenberg in France, Political Science Quarterly, Vol.70, No 4,
(December 1955), .498, 506-518.
113
John S.Hill, Germany, the United States, and De Gaulles Strategy for Economic Reconstruction,
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. ., .51.
114
Richard Kuisel, . ., .20.
113
,
. ,
, .. 115.
, Alfred Grosser
,
. ,
,
,
116.

,
,
. ,
. ,
,
.
,
, .
La France Seule.

,
, 117.
1950,
Pierre Poujade,

,
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118.
115
Vol.17, No 3, (Summer 1963), .551-554.
116
Ibid, .572-573.
117
Eugen Weber, La Fievre de la Raison: Nationalism and the French Right, World Politics, Vol.10,
No 4, (July 1958), . 560-571.
118
Ibid, .573-574.
114
119,

(1957),
120.

121.
De Gaulle
,
,
(1962)122.
De Gaulle,
, 4
.
123. De
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, .
119

, Tony Smith, A Comparative Study of French and British Decolonization,
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120
Alfred Grosser, France and Germany in the Atlantic Community, . ., .557-561. ,
Eugen Weber, . ., . 571. Pierangelo Isernia, Anti-Americanism in Europe during the Cold War, .
., . 82-83.
121
Tony Smith, . ., .76.
,

, . ., . 75, 100.
20 ,
D. Cameron Watt, Succeeding John Bull. America in Britains Place, 1900-1975, Cambridge
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Marie-France Toinet, French Pique and Piques Francaises, Annals of the American Academy of
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Alfred Grosser, . ., .566-569. Richard Challener, Dulles and De Gaulle, Robert
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Andrew J. Pierre, Conflicting Visions: Defense, Nuclear Weapons, and Arms Control in the FrancoAmerican Relationship During the De Gaulle Era, Robert O. Paxton and Nicholas Wahl (.),
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115
(1963)124. , 1966,

125.
,
126.

127.
, R.Kuisel De Gaulle,
,

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,
128.
, , ,

. , ,
,
129.
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124
Frank Costigliola, Kennedy, De Gaulle and the Challenge of Consultation, . ., .188.

Andrew J. Pierre, Conflicting Visions: Defense, Nuclear Weapons, and Arms Control in the
Franco-American Relationship During the De Gaulle Era, Robert O. Paxton and Nicholas Wahl
(.), . ., .288-290. Richard Kuisel, . ., .131. De
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Wenger, Christian Nuenlist and Anna Locher (.), . ., . 107-121.
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Richard Kuisel, . ., .142.
127
Anne Saadah, Idees Simples and Idees Fixes: De Gaulle, the United States, and Vietnam,
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127
Frank Costigliola, . ., .295-315.
128
Richard Kuisel, . ., .132-134, 152-153.
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Richard J. Golsan, . ., .52-53. , Volker Berghahn, America and the Intellectual Cold
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, Raymond Aron, The Opium of the
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116
,
130.
1970
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Andre Glucksmann,
131.
,
,
, , ,
132.

,

133.
,
McDonalds ,
,
134.
,
.
, Chrysler
General Electric ,
130

Richard J. Golsan, . ., .57-58.
132
Anthony Daniels, Sense of Superiority and Inferiority in French Anti-Americanism, Paul
Hollander (.), . ., .65-70. Marie-France Toinet, French Pique and Piques Francaises, .
., .140-141. ,
franglais, Rene Etiemle, Parlez-vous franglais?
Folio 1964,
. Richard Kuisel, . ., .193.
133
Richard Kuisel, The Fernandel Factor: The Rivalry between the French and American Cinema in
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Rick Fantasia, Fast Food in France, Theory and Society, Vol.24, No 2, (April 1995), .306-313,
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117

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Coca-cola.
,
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,
,

,
. , ,
cocacolonisation136.

,
,
.

,
. ,

(.. ). ,

,
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Richard J. Golsan, . ., .55-56. Richard F. Kuisel, The American Economic Challenge: De

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Richard F.Kuisel, Coca-Cola and the Cold War: The French Face Americanization, 1948-1953,
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1950-1953, 450
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139.
, 1960,
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, Roger, ,
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. ,
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142.
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1968, 143.
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. ,
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Luc Boltanski and Alexandra Russel, Visions of American Management in Post-War France,
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Richard Kuisel, Seducing the French: the dilemma of Americanization, . ., .104-114.
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Ibid, .210.
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Philippe Roger, . ., .572. , Ludovic Tourns, :
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, . ., .219-239.
142
Richard J. Golsan, . ., .45. Philippe Roger, . ., .10. Jean-Francois Revel, L Obsession
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., .155.
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Richard J. Golsan, . ., .57. Richard Kuisel, . ., .132, 152.
119
1950 1970,
144.
1980,

145.

,

146. ,

147.
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,
. .
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,

149.
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Kristin Ross, The French Declaration of Independence, Andrew Ross and Kristin Ross
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Richard J. Golsan, . ., .58-59
146
Kristin Ross, . ., .150-153.
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Richard J. Golsan, . ., .63. Sophie Meunier, . ., .129-155.
148
H. J. Spiro
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John Dumbrell
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David Reynolds, A Special Relationship? America, Britain and the International Order Since the
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David Reynolds, . ., . 10-13. , John Dumbrell, A Special Relationship. Anglo-American
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Matthew Jones, Maximum Disavowable Aid: Britain, the United States and the Indonesian
Rebellion, 1957-1958, The English Historical Review, Vol.114, No 459 (November 1999), .1216.
153

M. Mosbacher D. Anderson , : )
, )
, ) , Michael Mosbacher and Digby Anderson,
Recent Trends in British Anti-Americanism, Paul Hollander (.), . ., .84-86.
154
Patrick Deer, The Dogs of War. Myths of British Anti-Americanism, Andrew Ross and
Kristin Ross (.), . ., .161.
121

, ) ,
,
, ) ,

, ) ,
155.
156
, ,
,
,
. ,
. ,
, J.Rasmussen J.McCormick
157

. ,
158.
155
John Dumbrell, . .
William Wallace, What Price Independence? Sovereignty and Interdependence in British Politics,
International Affairs, Vol.62, No3, (Summer 1986), .386.
157
, Gallup, 29
1982-1987 : .
;, 41 1983-1991
;
;, 87 1983-1990
, 39 1977
1991
, ;. ,
Gallup,
1982-1987, Jorgen Rasmussen and James M. McCormick, British Mass Perceptions of the
Anglo-American Special Relationship, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 108, No 3, (autumn 1993),
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158
Ibid, . 532-535.
156
122

159.

.

.

.

,
. , ,
,
/.
160.

, -,
,
161. ,

.

162.
, ,

.
, ,
, ,

159
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Patrick Deer, . ., .162.
/ /
. , ..
, (1955). John Dumbrell, . ., .22-24.
161
Patrick Deer, . ., .158-169.
162
Matthew Jones, . ., .1216.
160
123
163.

,

164. ,
1950
165, 166.
,
,

.
, ,
,

. ,
167. ,

,
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, ,
, ,
, ,
163
Patrick Deer, . ., .158-169.

, Leon D. Epstein, The
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(December 1951), . 974-995.
164
Ibid, . 983-983.
165
Volker Berghahn, America and the Intellectual Cold Wars in Europe, . ., .121.
166
Hugh Wilford, Britain: In Between, Alexander Stephan (.), . ., .36.
167
Caroline Anstey, The Projection of British Socialism: Foreign Office Publicity and American
Opinion, 1945-1950, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol.19, No3, (July 1984), .418-443.
168
Ibid, .442.
124
,

169.
,

.

. ,
(1956),
,
170.
,
171.
1950, ,

.
,

172.
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,

173,

174. 1980, ,
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Leon D. Epstein, . ., . 974-995.

Patrick Deer, . ., .158-169. Pierangelo Isernia, Anti-Americanism in Europe during the Cold
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171
David Reynolds, . ., .9.
172
Patrick Deer, . ., .158-169.
173
H M. Veldman 19501970 ,
. ,

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Britain: romantic protests, 1945-1980, Cambridge University Press, 1994.
174
170
125
,
, ,

175.
176.
,

177.
,
,
.. ,
1950.

. ,

. ,

, Admass
,
.
,
.

, BBC,
, .
,
, ,
175
Bruce Russett and Donald R. DeLuca, Theater Nuclear Forces: Public Opinion in Western
Europe, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 98, No 2, (summer 1983) .191-192.
176
Ibid, .184-185.
177
Ibid, .183-184.
126
178. , Congress for Cultural Freedom

,
,
Encounter179. , 1960,

,
180.
,
, ,
,
(, , , )
(counterculture)181. ,
, 1950 1980
182.

:
(Un-American)183.

,
, , .. 184.
3.5

, ,

.
178
Hugh Wilford, Britain: In Between, . ., .23-24, 28-37.

Hugh Wilford, . ., .27.
180
William Wallace, What Price Independence? Sovereignty and Interdependence in British Politics,
International Affairs, Vol.62, No3, (Summer 1986), .385.
181
Patrick Deer, . ., .158-169.
182
Hugh Wilford, . ., .34. Wilford
Crass Smash the Mac: ET go home, Mickey Mouse fuck off! ,
George McKay, , ,
, : , . ., .241-265.
183
184
Michael Mosbacher and Digby Anderson, Recent Trends in British Anti-Americanism, Paul
Hollander (.), . ., .84-86.
179
127
(/)
,
: ,
, ,
,
( ),
.
, ,
,
,

,

,
.
,
.

, ,
, ,
,
,
.
128
1947-1974
4
1947-1974
4.1

,
, ,
, . ,
,
.
,
, ,
(1947-1989),
, ,
. ,
,
-,

. ,
,

.
4.2

,
(12 1947)1.
,
, . (1945-1963),
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129
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( 1947)
, ,
, .
,
2.
, ,
, ,
.
. ,
3.
,

4.
, 20 1947

(American Mission for Aid to Greece, AMAG),
,
5.
,
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,

7. . ,
2
. , :
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, , , 2000, .140.
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. , . ., . 424-434.
6
, . ., .99-104
7
,
50, -
, , ,
130
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, ,
, ...
8. ,

,

9.
,
, ,
. ,

, ,
,
. , (1950)

.

10.
,
,
. .
:
(1945-1967),
, (1945-1967),
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, . ,
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. , . ., . 419.
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, 11.
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. ,
,
13.
,
, USIA (United States
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,
,

. , Fulbright

15.
,
,
, , ,
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, , . .,
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, . ., .458-459, 460-463.
, . ,
132
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, , , ,
( )17.
,
.
1960, ,
, 18.
4.3
19
,
-, ,
1949, 20. , ,
, ,
.

, 21.
- , 1936-1948,
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, , . .,
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, . ., .459.
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,
. . , . .,
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. , , 1945-1949. ,
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21
. , , 1946-1949,
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22 23. . ,

, , 24.
, 1946
.
1947, 509, ,
. ,
25.
,
,
,
. ,
,
26. ,
, ,
,
27.
, ,
. ,
, -
. ,
.
,
, ,
28. ,
22
, , . ., . 569.
, . , 1946-1967, ,
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24
, , . ., . 561.
25
. , , 1946-1949, . .,
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, :
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, , ,
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.

30.
,
31, ,
,
,
,
32.

33,

34.
, ,
.
,
, 1945-1967: ,
, , . ., .15-18.
29
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, (.), 80.
, , 1990, .292-293. ,
,
. ,
, . ., .133-147.
30
, , . ., .64-65.
31
- ,
, : , . ., .649.
32
, , . ., .574-577.
, . ., .648-649. , ,
. ., . 179-180. ,
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, (.), . ., .136-137.
,
, , 1936-1949-,
, (.), . ., .148-149.
, -
, . ., .405-406.
33
, .
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34
, . ., .645-646.
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.

35.
,

, ,
, , ,
, , ,
. ,
, ,
, , 36.
, ,
,
, .
,

37.
, , ,
, 38. .
,
, ,
.

35
, , . .,
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36
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, , . ., .90-93. ,
, , , ,
2008, .45. , : 1940
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37
, , . .,. 102-103.
38
, , . ., .577-588.
,
, -
, (.), . ., . 433-438.
136
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, ,
. ,
, ,
, 39.
.
4.4
, ,
,
. (1951-1952). ,
, , ,
40. ,

41.
,
,
,
, 42.
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, .,
, 43,
.
44,
,
. ,
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, ,
. . , , . ., .309.
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, , . ., .210-281.
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.
,
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51. 1951 ,
, , ,
, 10 52.
,
53.
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(8 ,
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,
, , ,
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, ,
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(
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, ,
,
.
,
, 56.

1958, 25%. .
,
, , ,
,
,
57.
1960
( , ),
( , ).
() 1961 ,
,
-.

,
58.
, ,
/ ,
55
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- . ,
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. ,
,

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, 60, ,
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60, ,
,
. ,
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,
,
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, ,
, (.), 80, . .,
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., .65-85.
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61
, . ., .158-161.
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, , : , 1961-1963, , .
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, , , 1990, . 148.
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,
,
. (22/5/1963)
. ,
. 16
1964, 52,7% 171 67.
, ,
.
, .

( , 1965-1966).

,
68.
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.
, ,
, ,
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. , (.), . ., .42-44.
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. , ,
, . , (.), . .,
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, . ., , .129-303.
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.
,
, ,
71. ,
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.
,
,
.
72.
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,
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, ,

74.
, .
, . .
,
,
. ,
75.
, ,
, 60
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71
. , . ., .181.
, , . ., .181.
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, , . ., .204-205.
, , . ., .82-85.
74
, 20 , ,
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75
, . 1965-1989,
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143
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77.
,
78,
79. , ,
,

80.
,
. , , ,
1960 ,

,
81.
76
, . ., .104-108, 120-126. -
, ,
, . ., . 359.
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, , . ., . 359.
78
,
, , ,
(), 1967-1974. - , , , 1999, .87.
60
, ,
, . ., .223-233.
79
, , . ., .136-139.
80
. , , 60:
, , . ,
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, 60: , . ., .42-43.
, ,
, ,

. 1963
, . 1965, 100.000. , ,
.
8 1963.
, .
, ,
, , , ,
. -, . , [:
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, . ,
,
, ,
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. ,
-
-. .
,
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,

, ,
. ,
,
.
,
,

84.
.
82
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, (.), . ., .241-262.
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, , . ., .9
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. , , .
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, , 1983, .74-80. ,
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133.
,
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73
Th.Couloumbis, Greek Political Reaction to American and NATO influences, Yale University Press
1966, . 125-129 . , :
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230.
227
, 5/4/1955 , 6/4/1955.
, 2/3/1956.
229
, 30/1/1956, .
230
,
, 1/3/1956, .6.
, 29/2/1956, .6. , 2/3/1956. ,

, 1956,
.
228
197

40
.
New York Times : -
;231. Life

.
, ,

232.

233.

234.

,

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48%
.
,
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.

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. :
,
, ,
: , 4/3/1956.
231
, 21/2/1956, .6.
232
, : , 3/3/1956.
233
, , 24/2/1956. , : , 25/2/1956.
234
, 2/3/1956.
198

, ,
235.
Washington Post
,
, ,
236 ,
.

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237.
, 1958,

. , . , ,
,
238.

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,

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235
,
, 1/3/1956, .6.
236

5000 . ,

.
237
Washington Post. ,
27/6/1956.
238
Th. Couloumbis, . ., . 119, 131. , , ,

.
199

239.

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.
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.

240.
, 1958,

.

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.
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.
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242.

243.
239
, 2/4/1958.
, 9/3/1957.
241
, 9/5/1958.
242
, 10/4/1958.
243
, 11/3/1958.
240
200

, , . ,
,
244.
1958,
,
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.

.

245.

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,
246. , ,

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247.
,
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1958 ,
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244
, 16/3/1955, .3.
, : , 15/5/1958.
246
, : , 25/5/1958. , :
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30/5/1958. , 12/7/1958.
247
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245
201

, .
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.
,
248.
5.3.7. :
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.

1953 249,

.
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250.
(22/6/1956),
.
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.
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251.
248
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. , . ., .307
250
. , , . ., . 217-218.
251
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, 22/6/1956.
249
202

, .

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(1957),
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253. , .

254,
255.

,
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257
258.
259, 260 ,
252
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22/6/1956.
253
. , , ,
, 35 , 6/6/1957.
254
, , , ,
22/6/1956.
255
, , ,
, 35 , 6/6/1957.
256
, 24/7/1955.
257
, 20/6/1957, , 2/9/1955, , 8/6/1956, , 22/5/1957.
258
, 15/5/1955. , 11/11/1955, .6. , 30/7/1955.
259
, 10/11/1955. , 22/10/1956.
203

261.
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, 262.
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263.

.
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264,
265.

,
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266.

.
,

267.

, ,
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260
, 11/11/1955. , 13/10/1955.
, 12/11/1955.
262
, 25/9/1955.
263
, 15/10/1955.
264
, 23/9/1955.

, , 2/10/1956, , 20/10/1956:
. .
,
.
265
, 27/6/1956, , 24/8/1956.
266
, 23/8/1956.
267
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261
204

.
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269.
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270.
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272. ,
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268
, 23/6/1956, .6.
, 11/11/1955, .6
270
, 27/6/1956.
271
, 27/6/1956, .5.
272
, 25/5/1957.
269
205

, - 273.

274. ,

275. .

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276.

277.

278 : ...279.
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280
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273
, 26/5/1957.
, 25/5/1957:

....
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, 20/7/1957.
274
, 26/10/1956
275
, 7/9/1956.
276
, 11/11/1955, , 3/6/1957.
277
, 13/10/1955. , 21/5/1956, , 24/5/1956, , 25/5/1956.
278
, 15/10/1956.
279
, 12/8/1955.
280
, 13/5/1955, , 23/7/1955.
281
, 6/2/1957
206

282.

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285.
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288. ,
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290
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282
, 22/6/1956, .3.
, 20/3/1955.
284
, 21/9/1956, .2. , 5/10/1956.
285
, 6/5/1956.
286
, 25/8/1956, .5.
287
, 28/8/1956, .5.
. .
, , , .
, , 27/7/1956, .3. , 9/8/1955, .3.
288
, 14/5/1955.
289
, 16/6/1955.
290
, 17/5/1955 . , 18/5/1955, , 1/6/1955,
.3, , 29/6/1955.
283
207

,
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291.
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293.
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294,
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295.

296.
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291
, 6/2/1957.
, 21/9/1956.
293
, 28/5/1955.
294
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, ;, , 2/6/1957, .3.
295
, 1/6/1957. , , .30, 1957, .525526.
296
, : , 2/6/1957.
292
208

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297.
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299.
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300. ,

301.
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297
, 2/6/1957.
, 4/6/1957. , , : , 9/6/1957.
299
, 6/2/1957.
300
, 8/6/1957
301
, 15/4/1956
298
209

.
.
5.4. 60
, 1950,

, 302, ,
. ,
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303.
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305.
60 ,
,

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306. ,
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307. ,
60.
302
, 8/4/1955. , 31/5/1957,
.
303
, 20/4/1955.
304
, 20/9/1955.
305
, 26/4/1955.
306
Christos Lyrintzis, Between Socialism and Populism: the Rise of the Panhellenic Socialist
Movement , , LSE 1983, .51 , . ., .54.
307
, . ., .104-108, 120-126. -
,
, , . ., . 359.
210

,
308.
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1958:
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310. ,

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311.
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309
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310
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311
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312
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211

313. ,
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314.
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313
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314
. , , , ,
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315
, 30/6/1964. , , 22/4/1964
212

,
316.

.

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317.
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(1965). ,

318. 1964,

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319.
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320.
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316
, 18/7/1964.
, 27/8/1964.
318
, 25/5/1965.
319
. , : 1947-1967,
, 1997, .145. .
, .
, 19/11/1964. , 23/11/1964.
320
, , , ,
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317
213

321.
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.

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322.
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1965
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323.

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1965 ,
324. ,

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325.
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.
321
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, 18/11/1964. . , ,
, , 25/11/1964.
322
, 19/11/1964. . ,
19/11/1964.
323

1964. 65%
,
, , Th. Couloumbis, . .
324
, 16/7/1965.
325
, 29/7/1965, .8.
214
,
326. , ,

.
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327.

:
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330. ,

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332.
326
, 31/7/1965.
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328
, 14/8/1965.
329
, 19/8/1965, .8.
330
, 20/8/1965, .8.
331
, 23/9/1965.
332
, 31/8/1965, .8, .
327
215

,
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333. ,
334.
1965
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.

335. ,
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336.
1965 ,

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337
333
, 14/8/1965, .3. , 8/9/1965, .3.

. 24 25/9/1965
. , , .5
334
, 24/8/1965, .8, , 11/10/1965, .8, , 16/10/1965, .12.
335
, 27/9/1965, .12.
336
, 28/9/1965, .8.
337
: , 7/1/1965, , 26/1/1965, , 27/2/1965, ,
13/3/1965, 14/3/1965, , 27/5/1965, , 2/6/1965. ,

, , , .115-116, - 1964, .3
216

338. 1965,
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339 .

340.
1965 ,
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341.
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342. ,
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343.
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344.

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338
, 26/3/1965, , 3/4/1965, , 23/5/1965, , 25/5/1965, .8, , 26/5/1965, ,

4/6/1965, , 13/6/1965, , 15/6/1965, , 25/6/1965:
.
339
, 29/5/1965.
340
, 2/6/1965.
341
, 29/1/1965, : .
342
,
, , , 4/8/1965.
343
, : , 14/3/1965.
344
, : , 8/1/1965.
345
, 3/4/1965.
217

346.
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349, . ,

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346
, 6/7/1965. :
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347
, : , 25/7/1965.
348
, : , 26/9/1965.
349
( 1965) .
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, , , , , ,
, .189-190.
350
, .126, 1965, .427.
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351
, 17/8/1965.
218

.
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355. , ,
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356.

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352
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, : , , 11/7/1965.
354
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,
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355

1965, . , , , 1976.
356
, : , 11/7/1965, ,
: , 16/7/1965. , 18/8/1965, .8. ,
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357
, 27/7/1965, .6, , 29/7/1965, , 30/7/1965.
, .... .
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, , 5/10/1965, .7, :
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353
219

358. , , ,
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360.

361. ,

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360
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361
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362
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363
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364
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359
220

, 365.

366.
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367.
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5.000.000 370.
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371. , CIA,

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372.
365
, 4/8/1965, .2.
, 19/8/1965, .5. , 5/9/1965.
367
, : , 8/9/1965.
368
, 11/9/1965, .5.
369
, : , 5/8/1965.
370
, 5/8/1965, .6.
371
, 28/8/1965. ,
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20 . .
372
, 17/8/1965, .5.
366
221

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(1964)373, 13 56 ,

374.
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1964
378. ,
373
18/11/1964
(1942).
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374
, 6/8/1965, , 7/8/1965, , 10/8/1965.
.
. , 27/5/1975. , 16/6/1975, .13.
375
, : , 6/8/1965.
376
, , 6/8/1965.
377
, , 7/8/1965.
378
, 19/8/1965, .5.
222

379.
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380.
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381. ,
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382.

,
383.
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384. ,
385.
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,
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379
, : , 5/9/1965.
, : , 18/9/1965. , 22/9/1965.
381
, 30/9/1965.
382
, 1/10/1065.
383
, 23/10/1965
384
, : ., 7/11/1965. :
: , 4/11/1965, , 5/11/1965, , 6/11/1965
385
, 22/10/1965, , 24/10/1965, , 27/10/1965, , 6/11/1965.
380
223

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386.

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386
, , ,

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. ,
,
, , Harry Harootunian, An
Etiquette of Anti-Americanism. Being Japanese in the American Imperium, Andrew Ross and
Kristin Ross (.), . ., .208-209.
224

.

387.
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387
Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane, Varieties of Anti-Americanism: A Framework for

Analysis, . ., .29-37.
225
: ;
6
: ;
6.1
1947, ,
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8
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.
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9
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2/6/1956.
18
, , , 7/2/1955.
19
, : , 13/9/1955. ,
: , 31/3/1956. : :
, 30/8/1956. , : , 21/9/1956. ,
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: , 14/3/1956.
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230
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22
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, 16/9/1958. , 20/7/1956. , :
, 21/7/1956, .5.
23
, 15/9/1955, , 25/9/1955, , 15/6/1956, , 18/8/1956,
, : :
, .
.
, 6/12/1958. ,
, , , 28/7/1956.
24
, 21/3/1958, .6.
, 2/7/1958. , 3/7/1958. , 4/7/1958. , 4/12/1958.
, 5/12/1958, .8.
25
, 6/3/1956.
26
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21
231
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28
, 22/9/1955. , 18/9/1955. ,
,
, , . ., . 43.
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30
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31
, 26/9/1955.
32
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232
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, 23/9/1955.
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, 28/9/2955, .6, , 12/10/1955. 11/10/1955,
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36
. , , ,
, 10/10/1955.
37
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38
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39
, 22/9/1955, .6.
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233
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42
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43
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, 6/7/1957, , : , 7/71957. ,
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44
, , 22/12/1955. , 5/3/1956
,
41
234
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12/3/1956, .8. , : , 9/10/1956, .6.
46
, 14/3/1956
... .
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,
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48
, : , 11/8/1956.
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1956,

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50
, 10/1/1956, , 12/1/1956, , 15/1/1956. ,
: , 1/12/1957, , : ,
7/12/1957, , : , 2/8/1958.
51
, : , 1/12/1957. , :
, 7/12/1957.
52
, : , 15/4/1956.
53
, : , 7/4/1956.
54
,
, , , 22-23/5/1956.
236
: ;

55.
.

56.
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57.
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58.
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55
, : , 25/5/1956.
, , . , : ,
7/4/1956.
56
, 29/6/1956, .6.
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, 3/3/1956.
58
, : , 6/3/1956.
59
, 7/7/1956.
60
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, 21/6/1958. , 24,25,26/1/1957.

, , 13/10/1955.
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.6:
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63
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, 3/3/1956. , 15/10/1955, .6, , 9/12/1955, .6.

Joseph Alsop:
. . , ,
17/10/1957,
..., , 22/10/1957,
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. ..., , 20/10/1957.
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, 3/12/1958.
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118
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119
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151
, , 21/9/1955. , 17/12/1954. , 18/12/1954.
152
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, 30/9/1955.
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159
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160
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165
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167
, 21/9/1955.
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, 23/9/1955.
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176
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, 15/7/1958.
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: , 24/11/1956.
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, : , 14/8/1956.
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, 9/2/1957. , 12/2/1957. , 21/2/1957. , 22/2/1957.
192
, 9/4/1957, .8. 12/4/1958.
, ,
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1942, , :
, 31/10/1958.
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, 13/3/1957. , 14/3/1957.
257
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, 20/6/1957. , 21/6/1957. , 22/6/1957. , : ,

12/6/1957.
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, 26/4/1957. , 27/4/1957.
, , 14/8/1957, , 23/8/1957.
, , 4/8/1958.
196
, 21/4/1957. , 27/4/1957. , 29/4/1957.
197
, 16/7/1958. , 17/7/1958. , 18/7/1958.
198
, , 15/7/1958.
199
, : , 23/7/1958.
200
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201
, 3/5/1957, .1, .8.
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, 18/1/1957, .5.
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, 15/7/1958.
205
, 3/10/1957.
206
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, 13/7/1958, .
, : , 25/7/1956.
207
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, : , 2/11/1957.
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, 21/11/1957, .6.
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, 19/11/1957.
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260
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1958,
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, 17/7/1958. , : , 15/9/1958. , :
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, : , 30/9/1958.
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218
, 11/1/1958.
219
, 25/6/1958. , 2/7/1958.
220
, 2/10/1957.
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, 22/11/1956
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235
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236
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237
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241
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242
, : , 9/10/1957.
243
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244
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246
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, : , 18/12/1958.
268
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248.
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, : , 27/5/1956, .5.
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, 13/1/1955, , 21/1/1955, , 26/1/1955, , 30/1/1955, , 3/2/1955. ,
21/6/1955, .3. , 24/6/1955, .4. , : !, 14/4/1956. ,
17/4/1956, .5. , : , 8/1/1957. , 17/2/1957, .5. ,
14/4/1957. , 26/4/1957. , 14/8/1957. , 15/9/1957. , 16/7/1958. , 17/7/1958
(). , 20/7/1958.
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, 14/2/1957.
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, 30/3/1955. , ;, 2/6/1955, .5 ...

.... , 3/6/1955.
253

, Th. Couloumbis, . ., . 200-201 . , , . ., .163-169.
254
, : , 28/11/1957. , :
!, 23/12/1957. , !, .40, 1958, .163.
255
, : , 21/1/1955. , 28/1/1955. , 1/2/1955,
.3. , 24/2/1955, .5. , 27/6/1957. , : , 27/11/1957.
, : , 3/12/1957. , 5/12/1957, .4. , 11/12/1957.
, 14/12/1957. , 15/12/1957. , : , 24/12/1958.
, 24/1/1959. , : , 27/6/1957.
256
, 22/12/1957.
257
, : , 31/12/1957.
252
270
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258
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260.

261.
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262.
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263, 264.
,
.
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258
, : , 29/3/1957. , : , 10/4/1957.
, : , 5/5/1957.
259
, 14/6/1957, .2.
260
, : , 10/12/1957.
261
, 12/5/1958, .6.
262
, : , 13/5/1955, .2.
, , !, .4, 15/2/1965,
.123-124.
263
, 19/10/1955, .5. , 23/6/1956:
/.
264
, 27/6/1956, .5. , : , 7/1/1956, .3.
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24/6/1956, .5.
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268.

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270.

271, 272. ,
265
, : !, 6/12/1957.
. , :
, . ., .173.
267

, , , , 23/5/1956.
268

, , , , 10/4/1956.
269
, 9/10/1954. , 13/10/1954.
270
, 16/10/1954.
271
, 24/8/1955. , 26/8/1955. , 5/7/1956. , 10/7/1956, .5. , 11/7/1956, .6.
, 15/7/1956 .
.... , 17/7/1956. , 21/7/1956. , 27/12/1956. ,
266
272
: ;
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1954,
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( 1954),
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. ,

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, ,

277. ,

28/12/1956. , 29/12/1956. , 30/12/1956. , 4/1/1957. , 5/1/1957. , 6/1/1957.
, 26/1/1957, .5. , 31/1/1957. , 3/2/1957. , 16/2/1957. , :
, 3/7/1958. , 25/1/1959.
272
, : , 14/3/1956.
273
, 23/3/1956: . ,
: , 13/3/1956, .5.
274
, : , 17/10/1954.
275
, : , 15/11/1954, .3. ,
14/12/1954. . 15/12/1954.
276
, : , 16/12/1954.
277
. , 9/2/1955, .3.
273
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.

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278
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, : , 8/9/1955. , :
, 9/9/1955.
280
, : , 14/9/1955.
281
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282
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283
, 22/1/1956. , , : ,
23/9/1955, .3. , , ,
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, .

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, 21/9/1955, ,
,
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.
286
, : , 16/5/1956
287
, 22/9/1955. , 22/9/1955, .5.
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289.
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,

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288
, : , 7/2/1957.
, : ,
, 21/2/1957. , : :
..., 25/9/1957. , 17/10/1957.
290
, 10/3/1956. , 11/3/1956.
291
, : , 3/2/1957. , :
, 19/3/1957.
292
, 29/6/1956. , 30/6/1956, .3.
289
276
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293.

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294.
295. -
296.
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297 298.
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300.
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301.
293
, 15/6/1956.
, : , 6/12/1958. ,
,

.
295
, 6/2/1959
296
, : , 6/2/1959. , : , 10/2/1959.
297
, 12/2/1959.
298
, : , 10/2/1959.
299
, : , 10/2/1959.
300
, 13/2/1959.
301
, : , 20/2/1959.
, ,

, . ,
: , 11/2/1959.
294
277
: ;
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,

302.
.

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;
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304. ,

,
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305. ,

306.
,
302
, : , 6/1/1957.
, : , 20/7/1958, .7.
( 1958).
304
, : , 31/5/1955.
305
, 1/6/1955.
306
, ... ,
. ..., 7/6/1955.
, 21/6/1955.
303
278
: ;
,
307.
,

308.

, ,
, .
,

309. ,
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,
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, ,
311.
1955

.
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312. ,
.
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307
, 2/6/1955.
, 2/10/1956, .3.
309
, 21/2/1957.
310
, : , 27/10/1955, .3.
311
, : , 15/11/1955.
312
, : !, 21/5/1956, .5 .6.
308
279
: ;

313. ,
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313
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, : , 8/4/1956.
314
, : , 26/8/1955, .3.
315
, 1/2/1956. , 16/2/1956. , 23/2/1956, 5 .6.
: , !
; , ...
..., , : , 3/3/1956.
316
, : , 3/3/1956.
317
, : , 10/7/1956, .3.
280
: ;
:
.
318.

, , ,
. ,
5
( 1956). (
319)
. , , ,
:

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...320.
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,
.
318
, : , 17/5/1956.
6
.
:
,
,
, , : !, 9/8/1956.
,
. , 10/8/1956.
319
,
, ,
, 13/6/1956. , : , 19/6/1956, .8. ,
: , 19/6/1956.
320
, : , 20/6/1956, .5. ,

, , 18/8/1956. ,
: , 21/8/1956, .3. , 22/8/1956.
281
: ;
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.
.
... , ,
;321.
4
, , :
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. 322.
6.4 (1964-65)

, ,
323.
,
324, ( 1964)

325. ,
-,
326.
321
, : 4 1776, 7/7/1956. , 4/7/1956, .5. ,

: , 4/7/1957.
322
, : , 4/7/1958. , 17/1/1956. ,
4/6/1956. , 5/7/1956. , , :
, , 1976, .52. (
1966): ( 4 )
,
.
323
Joseph S. Joseph, Cyprus: Ethnic Conflict and International Politics: From Independence to the
Threshold of the European Union, Macmillan Press, 1999, .19, 25-30, 74-80.
324
M. A. Ramady, The Role of Turkey in Greek-Turkish Cypriot Communal Relations, in Van
Coufoudakis (.) Essays on the Cyprus Conflict, Pella Publishing Company, 1976,
. 1-11.
325
, , . 214. , ,
, , 1945-1987 . ., .188-190.
326
. , 1960-
, . ., . 285-306.
1963-1964, , , . ., .190194. ,
282
: ;

1954-1959. ,
,
.
, ,
.
6.4.1
,
,
327.
, ,

60.
. , .
60, 1961,

328
.
, , ,

329, 330. ,

: 1821
, ,

, . :
, .
. , , , , 25/11/1964.
327
. , . , . ., .182: - , ,

.
328
. , , . ., .67.
329
, 8/4/1964. , 11/4/1964. , 16/7/1964. , 17/7/1964. , 1/9/1964.
330
, 5/5/1964. , 6/5/1964, , 7/5/1964. , 8/5/1964.
.
, 11/6/1964, , 13/6/1964, , 14/6/1964. , 28/6/1964.
, 20/1/1965, .8.
283
: ;
,
6 331. ,
,
332, 333.
( 1964)
:
.

,
:

. 334.
,
.
,
,
335. ,
,
, 336. , ,

,
337,
331
, 8/5/1964, , 9/5/1964.
, : :
, 21/6/1964. , 27/6/1964:

.... , 23/1/1965, , : , 8/8/1965,
.11. , : , 7/10/1965, .7. , 15/12/1965,
.8. , 29/12/1965.
333
, 24/4/1964. , 5/5/1964. , 8/5/1964. , 22/5/1964. , 20/6/1964.
, 22/6/1964, .12. , 10/7/1964, .8. , 25/8/1964, .8.
334
, 20/6/1964.
335
, : , 1/8/1964.
336
, 30/7/1964. , 31/7/1965. , 1/8/1964, .1, .12. ,
, , 1/8/1964. , 16/12/1964:
.
, , 18/12/1965: ...
....
337
, 24/6/1964, .3. , 18/6/1964.
332
284
: ;

338
,
, ,
. ,
.

339. , ,
340.

,

, , ,
341.
.
,
342.
1964, . , ,
,
. , 343,
,
344.
338
, : , 21/8/1964.
, 11/8/1964. , 21/5/1965.
340
, :
( , , ), 13/8/1964. , 14/8/1964.
341
, 9/5/1964, , : , 23/8/1964. , 24/1/1965, .12:
.... , : , 10/11/1965.
..
, ,
, .. ,
, , ..., .406.
342
, 12/2/1965, .1: .... , 14/2/1965.
343
, 26/6/1964. , 27/6/1964. , 29/6/1964:
..... , 25/6/1964: ... .
.
344
, 23/6/1964. , 24/6/1964.
339
285
: ;

345.
,

346.
, 347.
,
. ,
,
348. ,
.,
(75% 1964 )349.
, 60
, ,
, ,
350.
, ,

351. ,

-
345
, 26/6/1964. , 27/6/1964. , 29/6/1964,

..... , 25/6/1964 ... .
.
346
, 26/6/1964. , 27/6/1964.
347
, 27/6/1964.
348
...
..., ,
, 21/7/1964.
349
. , ,
1963,

, . , , . ., .339-342.
350

,
(1962), , ,
1945-1966, , 2005, .55.

(1964) .
351
, 2/8/1964, .12.
286
: ;

352.
.
.
353,

.

. ,
, . ,
.
,
, .
,

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/354.

355.

.
,
,
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352
, : , 27/6/1964.
, 6/7/1965.
354
, : , 18/7/1964. , :
, 23/7/1964: ...
, , ,
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.
355
, : , 18/7/1964.
353
287
: ;
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357.
,

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....

:
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:
359.
,
,

360.
1964,
.

.

356
, : , 19/8/1964. , :
, 27/8/1964.
357
, : , 10/1/1965.
358
, : , 10/8/1964. , , :
, 27/8/1964. , : , 6/11/1965. , 8/11/1965.
, : , 9/8/1964.
359
, : , 27/8/1964.
360
, : , 6/5/1964. , : ,
7/5/1964.
288
: ;
361.
,
362.

363.
,
, ,
1964364.
,
, A

365. ,
,
366. ,

.
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, :
....

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,
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361
, : , 11/8/1964. ,
, ,
, , 11/8/1965, .5.
, , 20/3/1965,
.1, .12. . 26/3/1965. , 21/5/1965.
362
, 29/8/1964.
363
, 29/8/1964.
364
, , 16-23/8/1964. ,
Zinovia Lialiouti and Philip Muehlenbeck, Ethnic Nationalism in the Cold War Context: the
Cyprus issue in the Greek and Greek-American Public Debate 1954-1989, Philip
Muehlenbeck(.), Race, Ethnicity and the Cold War: A Global Perspective, Vanderbilt University
Press, ( ).
365
, : , 11/8/1964. , 15/8/1964.
366
, 15/8/1964.
367
, : , 23/1/1965.
:
289
: ;

,

.
,
: ... !
!368.
1964 ,

369.

370. ,
. Monde
, ,
371 .
.
,
.372. , (
1965), .

373.
, (9/3/1965)374.
, 1964,

375.

, ,
, , , 25/11/1964.
368
, : , 20/8/1964.
369
, : , 9/10/1964.
370
, 9/10/1964.
371
, 6/10/1964, .10.
372
, 7/10/1964.
373
, 6/3/1965. , 7/3/1965. , 10/3/1965.
374
, 10/3/1965.
375
, 4/12/1964.
290
: ;
376.

377.

,
. .

378.

.
, , ,
, ,
. , ,
-
379.

60, ,
,
.
.

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, ,

.
380. ,
376
, 10/12/1964. , 3/8/1965, .8.

, 10/12/1964.
378
, 28/9/1965, .8.
379
, : , 1/8/1965. , 29/12/1965.
380
, , : , 3/8/1964.
377
291
: ;

, , ,
.

,
, .

, 381.

, .
382. ,
:

;...
...383.

384.
,

6 385,
,
381
, 21/8/1964, .3. .
, 27/8/1964, .3. , 27/11/1964, , 28/11/1964.
, 1/9/1964, .3. , 2/9/1964. , 15/2/1965, .5.
, 10/3/1965, . 3. , 23/3/1965. , 17/5/1965, .3. , 19/5/1965, .3.
, 24/8/1965, .8. , 3/5/1964, .3. , 23/8/1964, .3.
382
, : , 7/8/1964. ,

.
. , , 6/8/1964, , 1/1/1965, .4, , 11/2/1965, ,
12/2/1965.
383
, : , 12/2/1965. , 13/2/1965. , ,
, .122-123, - 1956, .131.
384
, , .126, 1965, .436.
, ,

. , , . ,
, ., , , ,
, , .
137-138, - 1966, .552.
385
, 16/2/1965, , 17/2/1965.
292
: ;
6 386.
1965-1966.
, 2
1965.
. ,
387.
, 1964
,
,

. ,

, ,
, 388.

, , ,
.

.
389,

,
,
.
,
, .
386
, 13/2/1965, .5.
-, ..., .124-125.
388
, 18/8/1964. ,
,
. ,
, :
... ,
, 18/5/1964.
389
, , ,
. , : ,
17/5/1964.
.
387
293
: ;

,
,
,
.
,
,
.
, ,
, , 1776,
, .
,
.
,
390.

, 391.
:

392.
6.4.2
. , ,
,
,
393.
.

390
, 17/5/1965, .3.
, : , 17/8/1964.
,
, ,
: , 25/6/1964. , .
;, 5/10/1964, .4.
392
, 1/6/1965, .3.
393
Th. Couloumbis, . ., . 203.
391
294
: ;

394.

.395. , ,
,
.
.
, ,
396, , 60,

.
397,
398.
., 1964,

399. ,
,
400.

:
,
394

. , .
.
395
, 3/5/1964. , 6/5/1964. , 10/6/1964. , 27/6/1964.
, 28/6/1964. , 5/7/1964. , : , 11/8/1964.
396
, 12/11/1964: ,

. , : ,
25/7/1964.
397
, 16/5/1964. , 10/9/1964, .8. ,
: . , 29/4/1964. , 15/5/1964.
. , :
, 17/5/1964. , 19/5/1964:
. , 14/6/1964:
. .
.
.... , : , 11/9/1964.
, 13/5/1965.
398
, 30/4/1964. , 5/5/1964. , 8/5/1964. , 8/5/1964.
399
, 7/5/1964.
400
, : , 13/9/1964.
295
: ;

...401.
,
:

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...402. ,

, 403.

404.

.

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. ,
,
, , .
, , :
405.
, ,
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, 6
, ,
,
401
, , 14/8/1964.
, 14/6/1964. , : , 21/6/1964.
, 28/6/1964. , 31/7/1964.

.
402
, : , 15/8/1964.
403
, : , 13/9/1964.
404
, : , 7/6/1964. , ,
,
, , .5, 1/3/1964, .123. , , .12,
15/6/1965, .345.
405
, 14/6/1964.
296
: ;
,
, ,
406.
,
, ,
407 ,
408.
, , ,
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409. ,
410.
,
,

411. , . ,
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412.
,
.
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. ,
406
, : , 15/9/1964.
, 5/5/1964:
, ,

. , 22/5/1964. , 9/7/1964.
408
, : , 6/5/1964. , :
, 26/5/1964. , : , 10/7/1964. ,
12/7/1964.
409
, , 6/5/1964. , : , 11/8/1964, .3.
, ,
. , :
..., 12/7/1964. , 19/8/1964. , 13/1/1965.
410
, : ..., 12/7/1964.
411
, : ..., 12/7/1964.
412
. , , ,
, 25/11/1964.
413
, 24/6/1964, .8. , 27/6/1964. , 17/6/1964. ,
21/6/1964. , 7/7/1964. , 25/8/1964:
.
407
297
: ;
414,
415.
: ...
.
: ,
416.
, ,

. , ,
.

,
, 417. ,
, .

, 418. ,

,
.
....
,
,
414
, 2/7/1964, .8. , 4/7/1964. , :

, 28/7/1964: ,
; -
, .
415
, 14/8/1964.
., , 7/9/1964.
, , 14/6/1964, .14.
416
, : , 31/7/1964.
417
, : /, 27/7/1964.
418
, . , 18/8/1964.
298
: ;
419. , ,
420.
, ,
,
, 421.
,
, 422. ,
,
,

423.
.
,
. ,

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, ,
.
, ,

424.
: ,
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:
419
, . , 18/8/1964. ,
,
, .. ,
: , 17/2/1965.
420
, . , 18/8/1964. ,
1/9/1964. , :
, 11/8/1964.
421
, 23/11/1964.
422
, : , 17/2/1965.
423
, 3/7/1965.
424
, : , 5/7/1964.
425
, : , 11/8/1964. -
,
, , ,,
: , 26/11/1964.
299
: ;
, 426.
,
,
.
427.
, ,
.
,
... . 428.

,
.
, ,
429.

.

: ... ...
. .
... ,
: .
, . 430.

431.
426
, , ,
, 25/11/1964.
427
, , , ,
25/11/1964.
428
, : , 9/5/1964. , , 3/5/1964:
, ...,

, .
,
.
429
, : , 9/5/1964.
430
, , 29/6/1964.
431
, .1, 1/1/1965, .4.
300
: ;
6.5 1954-1967
,
,
.
,
432. ,
,

,
, .
6.5.1 :
, ,

(1954), ,

433. : 434, ,
435, 436.
, 437.
,
,
438. ,
432
,
.
, , . ,
, ., . (.)
, , 1996, .12.
433
, 21/9/1955, .6. , 3/10/1955, .6. , 16/3/1956.
, 30/3/1956. , 5/7/1956
434
, : , 17/12/1954. , 4/10/1955. ,
25/10/1954, .6. , : , 18/5/1954.
435
, : ..., 19/12/1954. , 21/9/1955, .6.
436
, : , 15/9/1955.
New York Times ,
.
, 26/10/1954, .6. , 20/9/1955, .6. , 28/9/1955.
437
Monde , France-Soir
,
, 16/12/1954, .6.
438
, , 21/1/1955, .1,5.
301
: ;
,

439. ,
440.
, ,
.
, ,
,
:
, .

, 441.

442.
,
. ,
.

: , ,
, ,
443.
,
, .

439
, 16/12/1954.
, , 5/1/1955, .6.,
, . , 17/10/1957.
440
, 17/12/1954, .6.
441
, 4/1/1955, .
442
, Le Monde, 26/5/1955.

, , 17/6/1955, , , 13/7/1955.
443
, Le Monde, 26/5/1955.
302
: ;
444.
, 1955, ,
,
445.
, ,
1955.
, 446,
447

448. ,

449.

,

.

450.
, ,
451. ,
, 55,
452.
,

: ,
444
, 2/6/1955, .2.
, 22/6/1955. , 23/6/1955: . , 24/6/1955. , :
, 13/7/1955, .5.
446
, : , 15/9/1955.
447
, 21/9/1955. , : , 27/9/1955.
448
, : , 23/9/1955. , 21/9/1955.
449
, 20/9/1955. , : , 23/9/1955, .6.
450
, 22/9/1955, .6.
451
, 30/9/1955, .6.
452
, : , 13/10/1955.
445
303
: ;
453.
, ,
454. ,
,
, ,
455.
, , .
, , :
456.
, , 50,

,
,
457.

458. , 1957,
,
,
. ,
,
459.
, ,
( 1956)
, . 6

,
460. ,
453
, : , 30/11/1955.
, 16/9/1955. , 21/9/1955. , 28/9/1955.
455
, 20/9/1955.
456
, : , 2/9/1956.
457
, 20/9/1955.
458
, : . , 9/10/1956.
459
, : . , 18/10/1957.
460
, 12/5/1956.
454
304
: ;
, 6
461. ,
6 ,

462. ,
, , 463.
, ,
: .
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14, , ,
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, 11/11/1965, .8. , 12/11/1965. , 29/11/1965, .12. , 23/12/1965,
.3. , 7/8/1964, , 11/6/1965, .6, , 27/6/1965, .9.
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, 30/10/1956. Henry Tanner
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323
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1947-1967:

7.1
,
1,
. ,
, . .

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,
, , ,

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,
, 2, 3 4,
5 .
,
1
: A. Stephan, The Americanization of Europe: Culture,

diplomacy, and anti-americanism after 1945, . . P. Hollander, Introduction: The New Virulence and
Popularity, . . . 3. J. Ceaser, The Philosophical Origins of Anti-Americanism in Europe,
P. Hollander (.), . ., . 45-62. A. Daniels, Sense of superiority and inferiority in French
Anti-Americanism, P. Hollander (.)..., pp.65-81. M. Freund, Affinity and Resentment: A
historical sketch of German attitudes P.Hollander (.), . ., .105-121. V. Shlapentokh,
The Changeable Soviet Image of America, AAPSS, 497, May 1988, pp.157-171. D. Diner, America
in the eyes of the Germans: An essay on Anti-Americanism, . . E. Gentile, Impending Modernity:
Fascism and the ambivalent Image of the United States, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol.28
(1993), .7-29.
2
Dan Diner, . . Michael Freund, . ., .105-121.
3
Emilio Gentile, . ., .7-29.
4
Philippe Roger, L ennemi americain: genealogie de l antiamericanisme francais, Seuil,
2002. Anthony Daniels, . ., .65-81.
5
James Ceaser, . ., . 45-62.
325

,
6 .
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( , 1927): , , ,
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/ , / Dorian Gray9.
Constantine Tsoukalas, European Modernity and Greek National Identity, Journal of Balkan and
Near Eastern Studies, Vol.1, no 1 (1999), . 7-14. Michael Herzfeld, Hellenism and Occidentalism:
The Permutations of Performance in Greek National Identity, in James G. Carrier (.),
Occidentalism: Images of the West, Oxford University Press, 1995, . 218-233.
7
, 30/4/1917, .3: . .
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30
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Rubinstein, D. Smith, Anti-Americanism: Anatomy of a phenomenon, . ., .4. , 7/6/1957,
.2. ,

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Dan Diner, America in the Eyes of the Germans, . ., .16.
198
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1958, .147. . , . .,
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274
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275
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4
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, , . ., .205.
6
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Harry J. Psomiades, Greece: From the Colonels Rule to Democracy, John H. Hertz (.),
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14
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for Legitimacy, Hurst and Co, 1987, .122-148.
15
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24
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Current Trends, in Richard Clogg (.), . .., . 59.
25
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-,
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1989, .192. Raymond Williams, The Long Revolution, Penguin, London 1975, .68.
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, , 1974-1975:
, , .,
(.), . ., , .295, 301-305. 1974
, : John C. Loulis, New Democracy: The
New Face of Conservatism, Howard R. Penniman (.), . ., . 49-83. Richard Clogg,
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, / /, ,
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. 21 , , 2008,
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Thanos Veremis, The Union of Democratic Center, in Howard R. Penniman (.), . ., .

84-104. , . ., .65-66. George Mavrogordatos, . ., .77-79.
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,
, . , , ,
1988.
41
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.122-148.
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45
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46
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1977, 53. ,

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Angelos Elephantis, . ., .117.
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Michalis Papayannakis, The Crisis in the Greek Left, in Howard R. Penniman (.), . ., .
130-159. 1975. ,
, , ,
. , (.), . ., .206-214. Michalis
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1977, , . ., . 215221. , Angelos Elephantis, . ., . 105-129.
49
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, .
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-

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, , . ., .56-60. , Christos Lyrintzis, Between Socialism and
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, . ., .52-53.
55
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59
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62
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, , - (19741990), . ., . 175-178. , , . ., .209-215, 235-237. George
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63
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(.), : --, , 1998, .53-54.
1981 , . , .
., .147-152.
403
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66
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67
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71
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1985, ,
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75
, ,
1985-1989, , (.), . ., .250.
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78
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79
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, , . ., .281-285.
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( 1976), ,
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92

1973.
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, , 2007. ,
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26/1/1975.
50
, 21/9/1974. , 12/4/1975. , .
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, 10/10/1974, .5. , 6/12/1974, .5. , 12/4/1975. ,
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.5. , 13/7/1975, .6. , , 19/7/1975, .5. ,
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81
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Washington Post, New York Times
Aurore,
. , 17/8/1974, .7. Associated Press,
85
424
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96
, 21/8/1975, .4.
97
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98
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8/1/1975, .2. , 24/8/1975.
99
, 3/10/1974, .5. , 22/5/1975, .5.
100
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101
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102
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106
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, , 9/11/1974, .4.
108
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109
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114
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116
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.4.
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17/8/1975, .5: ... 1963, 1974, 1974, 1975...
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26/9/1974, .4. , 16/1/1975, .2. , 24/9/1977, .4.
118
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24/10/1974, .3. , 26/7/1975. , 19/9/1974, .7.
119
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.9.
120
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121
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, 11/9/1977, .7.
122
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123
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15/7/1965
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125
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127
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128
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15/2/1975.
129
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130
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131
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132
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, 13/8/1975, .6. , 3/8/1975. , 19/8/1975.
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. , 7/8/1975. , 8/8/1975.
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143
, 11/8/1975, .5. , 30/8/1975.
144
, , 26/8/1975. , 27/8/1975. ,
28/8/1975.
145
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432
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10/10/1975. , /, 7/12/1975. : . ,
: , ,
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148
, 23/1/1975, .5. , 24/1/1975, .5. , 28/1/1975, .5.
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3/9/1975, .7. , 7/9/1975.
149
, 20/6/1975. , 9/10/1975. , 30/10/1975, , 31/10/1975.
150
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151
, 16/6/1975, .13.
433
CIA , , 152
153. ,
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152
, 31/12/1974. , 3/1/1975, 1, 3. , 18/6/1975, .3. , 5/9/1975,

.11. , 5/8/1975, .10. , 27/12/1974, .5. , 10/1/1975,
.10. , 10/6/1975, .3. , 19/6/1975, .5. , 11/1/1975, .7
153
, 1/3/1975. , 19/6/1975, .14. , 21/11/1975. , 11/12/1975,
.11. , 27/11/1974, .5. , 12/12/1974, .4. , 17/8/1974,
.6. , 30/12/1974, .12. , 13/1/1975, .11.
154
, 28/4/1975, .11. , 12/10/1974, .4. , 13/11/1974, .8.
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155
, , 14/11/1974, .5. , 4/10/1975, .4. ,
26/11/1975. , 27/11/1975. , 28/11/1975. , 22/9/1975.
, 26/9/1974, .2. , 11/6/1977, .11-40.
156
, , 17/8/1974. , ..., 25/6/1977,
.3.
157
, 8/10/1975, .3.
434
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(24/6/1975)165.
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, 26/2/1975. , 28/2/1975.
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, 25/10/1974, .5. , 17/11/1974, .7. , 23/10/1974, .2.
, 24/10/1974, .5. , 22/10/1974. , 2/11/1974, .2.
160
, 29/10/1975. , 2/6/1975, .3. , 9/8/1975, .3.
, 29/11/1975.
161
, 6/6/1975. , 24/6/1975, .5.
162
, , 22/9/1975, .7. , 22/9/1975.
163
, 8/9/1975. , 23/11/1974.
164
, 30/7/1975, .8. , 4/8/1975, .4.
165
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435
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1975, 171,
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, 25/10/1975. , 27/10/1975. , 27/10/1975. , 29/10/1975.
, 26/10/1975, .2. , 28/10/1975.
168
, 30/10/1975.
169
, 1/11/1975.
170
, 12/11/1975.
171
, 24/12/1975. , 24/12/1975, .1,3. , 27/12/1975, .7.
172
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173
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175
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176
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, 25/12/1975, .1,6.
177
, , 30/12/1975, .4. , 25/12/1975:
....
178
, , 25/12/1975, .6. , 25/12/1975, .2.
179
, 8/1/1976, .10. , 29/12/1975.
180
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437
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, 4/11/1984, .18.
, , 28/11/1984, .6. , 16/12/1984, .9.
183
, 9/12/1984, .1,13.
184
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, , 11/12/1984. , 12/12/1984, .6. , 13/12/1984, .6.
185
, 4/10/1984.
186
, 1/11/1984. , 4/11/1984, .6, 18. , 1/11/1984, .3. ,
2/11/1984, .18. , 1/11/1984, .1,3. , 2/11/1984, .2-3. ,
3/11/1984
182
438
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189
, 10/9/1977, .9. , 3/11/1977, .5:

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. , 12/11/1977, .5.
190
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192
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188
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198
, 8/12/1977. , 9/12/1977. ,
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9/12/1977, .4. , 10/12/1977.
199
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9/12/1977. , 28/12/197, .4. , 2/12/1977.
200
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440
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.
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206. ,
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207.
.,
203
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( ).
204
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. , 28/11/1977, .5.
205

, , , ,
15/12/1977.
206
, 27/10/1977. , ..., 27/10/1977.
, 27/10/1977. , 31/10/1977, .16.
207
, New York Times, 27/5/1978. :
1978, .938.
441
208. ,
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212.
213. ,
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9.6
80
1980,
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208
, 1/11/1977, .4. , 11-12/12/1977.

, 3/9/1977, .4.
210
, 16/12/1977, .10. , 17/12/1977, .2. , 20/12/1977, .4.
, 22/12/1977.
211
, 11/9/1977, .2. , 13/9/1977, .2. , 15/9/1977, .2.
, 10/12/1977, .2.
212
, 11/10/1977, .2. , 3/11/1977, .4.
213
, 14/9/1981, .7.
214
, 18/10/1977, .2.
209
442
.

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217.

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218.
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215
, 14/9/1981, .7. , 24/9/1981, .8. , 3/10/1981, .4. , 22/10/1981,

.4. , 23/10/1981, .6. , 2/11/1981, .9. , 3/12/1981. ,
6/10/1981, .10. , 3/9/1981. , 9/9/1981. , .254, 17/2/1984, .3.
, 4/9/1983, .18.
216
, 15/10/1981, .6. , 1/9/1981, .4. , 12/9/1981, .4.
, 27/9/1981, .6. , 4/10/1981, .6. , 18/10/1981, .6.
, 24/10/1981, .2,4.
217
, 16/9/1983, .2. , , 17/9/1983, .6. , .251,
6/1/1984, .39-40.
218
, 14/9/1981, .7.
219
, 19/9/1981, .2. , , 11/9/1983, .6.
443
.
,
,
220.
,

,
221. , ,

,
. , ,
,

, 222.
,
( 1983) .
,

:
, ,
... , ,
.
,
223. ,

220
, , 6/1/1984, .4. ,
, 6-7/11/1983, .8. , 27-28/11/1983, .7.
221
, 19/10/1981, .5. , 30-31/10/1983.
: ... .
...
.
. , , 2526/9/1983, .16. , 6-7/11/1983, .16.
222
, 25/12/1981, .8, .16.
223
, 30-31/10/1983, .16. , , 27-28/11/1983.
444
224. ,

225.
,
, ,
226. ,

(, , , ,
)227.
,
228.

229.
,

. ,
,
230. ,
231.

, ,
,
224
, 1-2/11/1981, .6.
, 18/11/1981, .5.
226
, , 12/10/1981, .4. , 3/10/1981, .8. ,
13/12/1981, .6. , 10/9/1981, .3.
227
, 13/12/1981, .6.
228
, 7/11/1983, .4.
229
, 27/10/1983, .1,4,5,6. , 30/10/1983, .8. , ,
9/11/1983, .6. , 26/10/1983, , 27/10/1983, .1,7,9. , 27/10/1983,
.11,16. , 2/11/1983, .9. ,
(26/10, 31/10) .

, , 26/10/1983, .14.
230
, , 3/11/1983, .6. , 27/10/1983, .9.
, 31/10/1983, .4. , 31/10/1983, .13. , 4/11/1983, .2
231
, 7/11/1983, .12. , .
. , 1/11/1983, .3.
, 6/11/1983, .14.
225
445
,
232.
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233.
,
,
,
234.
,
, ()235.
,
,

, 236.
,
237,
238.
,
, . ,
( , )
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232
, 11/8/1981. , 13/8/1981, .3. , 14/8/1981, .14. , 19/8/1981,

.14. , 7/9/1981, .7. , 21/12/1981, .7. , 1/9/1981, .4. ,
.184, 14/8/1981, .3. , 4/11/1981: , ,
.
233
, 12/8/1981, .16.
234
, 12/8/1981, .1,16.
235
, 12/8/1981, .16.
236
, , 26/10/1981, , 16/11/1981, , 24/10/83.
237
, 15/10/1981, .6. , 29/9/1981, .10. , 18/11/1981, .4.
, 29/11/1981, .5. , 16/9/1981, .2.
238
, 20-21/11/1983, .5. ,
, , 23/11/1983. , ,
7/12/1981, .3. , 21/10/1984, .6.

, , 4/11/1983, .4.
446
) ( ) 239.

240.

, ,
, () (1984),
:
241.
, ,
, ,
,

80, .
,
1981 (1/9) , /, , ,
, 242. (6/12),

243.
244.
,

245.
239
, .226, 4/3/1983, .16-17.

, . (
), , , .253, 20/1/1984, .38-39.
241
., , , 23/12/1984, .4.
:
,
, .
, , ..
242
, 2/9/1981, .9.
243
40-50.000.
, , , ,
7/12/1981, .11. , 7/12/1981. , 6/12/1981.
244
, 15/12/1981, .20-21. , 17/12/1981, .10-11.
245
, 3/9/1981. , 1/11/1981, .6,16. , 10/12/1981, .3.
240
447
, ,
, 246.
,

, (7/10/1983)
247.
(9/10),

248.

(3/11)249.
/250. ,

,
(9/11)251.

,
.
,
1980, ,
.

252. , ,
80,
253. ,
,
246
, , 14/10/1983, .2.
, 8/10/1983.
, , 8/10/1983, .10.
248
20-30.000 .
,
, ,
, , 10/10/1983, .1,3. , 10/10/1983, .5.
249
, 4/11/1983.
300.000. , 4/11/1983, .3.
250
, 7/11/1983, .15.
251
, 10/11/1983.
252
, 2/10/1983, .6. , 4/10/1981, .6. , 3/2/1984, .6. ,
6/7/1984, .6. , 1/8/1984, .6.
253
, 29/11/1981, .5. , 25/12/1981, .6.
247
448
,
, ,
254.
, 255.

256.
,
257.
9.7
80
,
,
, , . ,
,

. ,
, , , ,
.
,
, .

. , 1981,

254
, 19/9/1983, .4. , 30/1/1984, .11. , 31/1/1984, .10. ,

31/8/1984, .10. , 3/2/1984, .6. , , 14/7/1984, .6.
, , 1/8/1984, .6. .,
, , .239, 19/8/1983, .10-11. , .260, 11/5/1984, .26.
, 19/9/1984.
255

. , 19/9/1983, .4.
256
, 1/8/1984, .6.
257
, , 16/6/1985, .8.
, 10/11/1985, .37. , 10/2/1984, .8. , .191, 30/10/1981, .36. ,
, .276, 7/12/1984, .33-36.

, , , 11-12/11/1984, .1,3. ., ,
, , 11/11/1984, .7.
449
, 258,

259.
,

260. ,
261.
,
,
,
262.

() .
263. , , ,

264. ,
265. ,
, .
,
, , 266.
,
,

258
, 26/9/1981, .2.
, 14/7/1981, .16. , 17/7/1981, .7. , 6/10/1981.
260
.. (9/8/1981). , 10/8/1981, .7. , , 23/11/1981, .7.
261
, 6-7/12/1981. , 13-14/12/1981. , 25/12/1981, .8.
262
, , 13/7/1981, .1,11. .
,
,
, , 22/11/1981. ,
, , , 22/6/1985.
263
, 2/11/1981, .9.
264
. ,
, , ,
23/11/1981.
265
. 1981, 18/10/1983.
, 19/10/1983.
266
., , 3/9/1977
( ).
259
450
, .

.
1981, .

267.

,
.

,
.

268. ,
, -
80,
269.
,
.
,
,
, 270.
,

271. ,
267
, 7/10/1981, .7-8. , , 8/10/1981, .10. ,

10/10/1981, .1,8. , 7/10/1981. , 14/10/1981, .4. , 14/10/1981,
.2.
268
, , 21/12/1981, .7.
269
, , 80:
, , , ,
, (.), 80:,
, , 2010, .lvi-lviii.
270
. , 6/7/1981, .5.
, . ,
, , , 23/11/1981.
271
. , 13/7/1981, .1,11.
, , ,
22/11/1981: ... . ,
451

, 272.

,
1981
.
.

- ,
,
273. ,

.
.

274. ,
,
275,
, 276.

277.
:
, , ,
, , ,
18/9/1981.
272
, 20/10/1981.
273
, ;, 12/12/1981, .5. ,
15/12/1981. , 17/12/1981. , 15/12/1981. , 16/12/1981. ,
, 26/10/1981, .4.
274
, 16/9/1981, .11. , .
, 19/9/1981, .11.
275
, 19/9/1981, .11.
276
, , 17/12/1981, .6. , 12/12/1981, .5. ,
14/12/1981, .4. , 16/12/1981, .4: ,
, . , 18/12/1981, .3. , , 27/12/1983,
.4.
277
, 9/2/1984, .23. , , 1/12/1984,
.9. , 15/10/1984, .20.
452
, 278.
, ,
, .279.
, ,
, .

280.
281, 282,
: ( )
, ,
...
...283.
,
,
.
,
. ,
.
,
,

(18/12/1983):
, .
; . (
)
... ... 284.
278
, 5/9/1981, .4. , , 1/9/1981, .7. , 5/11/1981,

.7.
279
.. , 10/9/1981, .3. , 26/11/1981
280
, 4/12/1983, .16.
281
, 3/9/1981.
282
, 15/11/1981, .8.
283
, 16/12/1981, .4. , , 28/11/1985, .6.
284
, 19/12/1983, .20.
, , 18/10/1983. , 19/10/1983,
.1,3.
453

:
285. ,

,

286. ,

287.
,
,
288,
, , ,

289.
290.
,
,

.
,
,
, 2/11/1983.
285
, 11/9/1983. , 12/9/1983,
.20-21.
286
, 11/9/1983. , 12/9/1983.
, 24/10/1983 , 25/10/1983, .7.
, , 17/10/1983, .14.
287
, .
, , , ,
15/12/1977. . , 11/9/1983. , 12/9/1983:
...

288
, , 26/9/1983. , 31/10/1983, .4. , 14/1/1984. , 4/7/1984.
, , 16/7/1984, .4.
289
, , , 23/10/1981, .4. , 8/7/1984.
290
, 11/7/1984, .6.
454

, 291.
(1983),
,
.
(, 1983), .
, ,

292. ,

.
,
293.

294.
,

,
. , 1983

295.
1983, . ,
, ,
296. ,
1983,
, ,
,
291
,
, 8/9/1983, .1,8. , ,
12/9/1983.
293
, 7/12/1983, .6.
294
, 14/12/1983, .2.
295
, 5/9/1983, .4.
296
, 14/11/1983.
292
455
297.
. .,

298.

(1984)299. .
,
,
300.

.

, 301.
,
, ,
1984
.
, ,
302. ,
,

303. .304.
,
,
297
, 24/9/1983.
, 25/12/1983, .6.
299
, . - , 25/10/1984.
300
, 5/11/1984, .2.
, , 24/10/1984, .5. , 27/10/1984.
, 21/10/1984, .4,7.
301
, , 21/8/1984. , 3/10/1984. , 14/11/1985, .5. ,
4/10/1984, .6.
302
, 24/8/1984, .6.
303
, 26-27/8/1984, .4.
304
, 23/8/1984.
298
456
,
305.
,
, ,
17 . .

.
,

306.

307.
,

308.
,

309.
.310 , 311.
, 80
,
312.
305
, 4-5/11/1984. , 9/11/1984. , 3/10/184, .16. ,

25/11/1984, .6.
306
, 6/2/1984, .24-25. , 5/8/1984. , 12/8/1984, .8.
, 25/8/1984, .9. , 7/10/1984, .20. , 28/12/1983, .3.
, 15/7/1984.
307
, 15/7/1984, .15. , 13/8/1984, .9.
308
, 11/7/1984. , 5-6/8/1984. , 16/10/1984.
309
, 22-3/7/1984, .9. , 5-6/8/1984.
310

, , , , 24/6/1985.
311
, 18/7/1984. , 19/7/1984. , 31/7/1984.
, , /,
, 3/8/1984.
312
, , 24/1/1984, ...4. , 25/1/1984.
, 26/1/1984. , 9/7/1984. , 10/7/1984. , 11/7/1984. , 31/7/1984. ,
13/8/1984, .20. , 29/8/1984, .12. , 10/12/1984. , 12/7/1984, .1,4.
, 25/7/1984, .9. , 14/10/1984. , 5/10/1984.
457
, , ,
,
. , ,

313.

314. ,
,
, .315.
,
316.

1985 .
, ,
. 1985 TWA
.

. ,
317,
.
318
. , .

319.
, 6/10/1984. , , 7/10/1984, .20.

, 11/7/1984, .2, 6. , 5/11/1984, .10-11. , 5/2/1984. ,
17/2/1984. , 5/7/1984.
313
, 1/8/1984.
314
, 4/2/1984, .4. , 3/2/1984, .2. , 2/2/1984, .14.
315
, 8/11/1984. , 19/11/1984, .7. , 21/11/1984.
, 25/11/1984, .7. , 9/7/1984. , 12/7/1984.
316
, , 30/6/1985, .11.
317
, 19/6/1985, .9. , 20/6/1985, .9.
318
, , 20/6/1985, .26.
, , 19/6/1985, .6.
319
, 20/6/1985, .6.
458
320
:
...
;321.
, , ,
,
322.
, ,

, . . , .

, . :
...
323.
,
, .
,
60 , 11 .

, , ,
324. ,

325.
320
, , 20/6/1985, .28-29. ,
, 21/6/1985, 1, 28-29. , 22/6/1985, .2. , 23/6/1985,
.6. , 30/6/1985, .8. , 19/6/1985, .1,5,8. ,
21/6/1985, .1,8,20-21,33. , 23/6/1985, .8. , 24/6/1985, .9.
, 19/6/1985, .1,2,3,7. , 20/6/1985, .1,2,3,6. , 21/6/1985, .2,3,8.
, ,
, , , 22/6/1985, .5.
, 19/6/1985. , 21/6/1985.
321
, 23/6/1985, .5. , 23/6/1985, .6.
322
, , , 18/6/1985, .6. , 23/6/1985, .6.
323
, , , 24/6/1985.
324
, 26/11/1985, .2.
325
, 27/11/1985, .2,9,11.
459
,
326
327. , ,
,
,
328. ,
. ,
,
:
.
329.
,
330
331.

.
,
, 332.

,
326
.: ,

. , 25/7/1984. , , 26-27/8/1984, .4.
327
, 23/8/1984, .8. , 27/10/1984, .4. , 8/11/1984,
.4. , 22/2/1984, .1,6. , 8/2/1984, .2. , 14/11/1984, .5.
, 5/11/1984, .7. , 22/11/1984, .4.
328
, , ..., 4/2/1984. , 16/2/1984. , 9/7/1984. ,
10/7/1984, .1,2.
329
, 16/12/1984, .9.
330
, , 1/12/1984.
331
, 4/11/1984, .18. :
,
CIA .
332
, , 20/10/1984, .5. , 22/10/1984, .10.

, , 22/10/1984, .24.
460

(55% 22%)333.

,
334. ,
.

:

, 335.

80
,
.

.
28
336:
. , .
, ,
337. ,

.
, ,
: , ,
333
, 91%,
3%. , 24/8/1984.
334
, 24/10/1984, .5. , 7-8/10/1984, .9. , 14/11/1984.
, 14/10/1984, .7.
335
, , , 27/11/1984,
.4.
336
, 16/4/1985.
337
, , 27/10/1984, .8. ,
22/6/1985, .2: - .
, ,
....
461
, , ,
, 338.
9.8

.,
1983,

. ,
, .
,
,
339.

, , ,
,
340.
, ,

, 341,
342.
,

.

343. , ,
338
, 27/7/1984, .4.
, 17/11/1983. , 27/11/1983.
., , /
, , 16/11/1983, .7. , 28/11/1983, .4.
340
, -, 16/11/1983. , .
, , 24/11/1983, .3.
341
, , 17/11/1983, .8. ,
, 18/11/1983, .6. , 25/11/1983, .4.
342
, 16/11/1983, .6.
343
, 16/11/1983, .6. , 28/11/1983, .2. , 9/12/1983, .6. , 17/11/1983,
.4.
339
462

344.
,
. 17
. , 17
,
.
345. ,

CIA346.

347.
,
17348.
.
, : ,
, , ,

. , ,
, ...
-
-, ...349.
,
,
,
,

344
, 17/11/1983, .6. , 19/11/1983, .4. , 17/11/1983.

17 . 1975-2002. , , 2002,
.15-19.
346
, 16/11/1983. , 17/11/1983, .3.
347
, 16/11/1983, .1,14. , 17/11/1983, .2. , 24/11/1983, .6. ,
16/11/1983.
348
, 16/11/1983, .18-19. , 24/11/1983, .6. , 16/11/1983. ,
16/11/1983, .1,8.
349
, , 24/11/1983, .6.
345
463
350. ,
,
, ,
351.
,

, 7:10352.
353.
, ,
,
, :
. , ,
,
. ...354.

, ,
355.
356.
,
,
350
, 16/11/1983. , 20-21/11/1983. , 23/11/1983, .5.

, 16/11/1983, ,
, , 16/11/1983. , 17/11/1983. ,
18/11/1983. , 17/11/1983.
351
, 11/1/1984, .5. , , 1/2/1984, .5. ,
, 25/2/1984, .5.
352
, 2/2/1984.
353
, 3/2/1984.
354
, , 25/2/1984, .5.
355
, , 4/11/1983, .5. , 17/11/1983.
355 , 5/9/1981, .4. , , 1/9/1981, .7. ,
5/11/1981, .7.
355
.. , 10/9/1981, .3. , 26/11/1981
355
, 3/9/1981.
355
, 15/11/1981, .8.
355
, 16/12/1981, .4.
355
, 1/9/1983.
355
, , 4/11/1983, .5. , 17/11/1983.
, 18/11/1983. , 20-21/11/1983, .6.
356
, . 10
, , 17/11/1983.
464
357.
, ,
358.
, ,

359.
:
10
...,

,
360.

, ,
361. ,
, .
362.

80, ,
,

. , ,
,
.
357
, 18/11/1983, .1,18-21.
, 18/11/1983.
359
.., , 17/11/1983. , , 17/11/1983, .1,10-11. , .
, 18/11/1983. , 18/11/1983, .1,3.
: .

..., , 18/11/1983, .20-21. ,
, 17/11/1983. , 18/11/1983. , 18/11/1983.
360
, 17/11/1983, .10-11.
361
, 9/12/1983, .6. , , 17/11/1983, .2.
362
, 8/12/1983, .16.
358
465
9.9

80,
-
. 1983,
, .

.
,

363.
,
.
.

.

364, ,
.365.
, , ,

366.
363

, , , 10/12/1983, .4.
364
, 8/9/1983, .3. , 5/9/1983, .4. , 14/9/1983, .4. , 15/9/1983,
.6.
365
, 17/9/1983, .8. , 10/9/1983, .6. , 5/9/1983. ,
7/9/1983, .4. , 15/9/1983, .9.
366
, 17/9/1983. , 19/9/1983, .4. , 14/10/1983, .6. , 2/9/1983.
, 4/9/1983, .18. , 11/9/1983, .6. , 3/9/1983.
, 4/9/1983. , 8/9/1983, .2-3.

. ,
, 20/9/1983, .10.
466
,

367.
,
, ,
.
,
, ,
,
368:
, 6000 , ,
17/9/1982
,
369.
, 269

,
,
370.
,

371.

372.
,

367
, 3/10/1983, .4. , 6/9/1983, .16. , 7/9/1983, .4.

, , 21/9/1983, .6.
, 16-18
.
369
, 24/9/1983, .4.
370
, , 15/9/1983, .9.
371
, 2/9/1983. , 3/9/1983. , 4-5/9/1983. , 14/9/1983.
, 15/9/1983, .4,5. , 27/9/1983, .5. , 2/9/1983. ,
3/9/1983, .1,4. , 22/9/1983, .4.
372
, 17/9/1983, .8. , 18-19/9/1983. , 13/9/1983. ,
14/9/1983, .1,4. , 17/9/1983.
368
467
373, ,
374. ,
375
,
.
, ,

376.
-,
. ,
. (, , , , ),
1983,
377.

,
, 378.
, /

379.
, ,
,
373

(12/9). , 13/9/1983. , 3/10/1983, .4. , 13/9/1983. , 14/9/1983, .7.
, 20/9/1983, .1,4,8. , 26/9/1983, .2. , 13/9/1983. ,
14/9/1983. , ,
: ...
. .
, , ,
19/9/1983, .12.
374
, 14/9/1983. , 15/9/1983, .6. , 21/9/1983, .2. ,
, 30/9/1983, .6. , 15/9/1983. , 10/10/1983.
375
, 23/9/1983, .7. , 24/9/1983, .2. , 25/9/1983, .4. , 27/9/1983,
.2. , 23/9/1983, .16. , 15/10/1983, .4. , 18/9/1983.
376
, 20/9/1983, .4,8. , 15/9/1983, .16. , 16/9/1983, .14. ,
15/9/1983, .4. , 7/10/1983.
377
, 17/10/1983. , .
,
.
378
, 25/9/1983. , , 16/10/1983.
379
, 23/9/1983. , 30/9/1983.
468

380. 381. ,
382.

Pax Americana383.
,
, ,
,
, 384.
, ,
385. ,
.
,
, 386.

.
387.
,

388.
,
389.
. ,

380
, . , 21/9/1983. , 21/9/1983, .16.

, , 22/9/1983.
382
, 11/2/1984, .2.
383
, 24/9/1983, .4. , 11/12/1983, .6.
384
, 21/9/1983, .7.
385
, 7/10/1983.
386
, 12/10/1983. ,
,
, 12/10/1983.
387
, 28/9/1983. , 28/9/1983.
388
, .
389
, , 11/10/1983. , 12/10/1983, .1,6. , 12/10/1983. ,
, 11/10/1983. , 11/10/1983. , 12/10/1983.
381
469
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, 22/11/1985. , 23/11/1985.
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!"#$%&' !"#%!&($)*&' +'&#,#&+,# +"& !'-&$&+,# %!

! "##$%&'!( )%*&)+",&')%&(+!( (1947-1989)

Alvin Z. Rubinstein, Donald E. Smith, Anti-Americanism: Anatomy of a Phenomenon, in Alvin Z.

Pierangelo Isernia. Isernia

Richard Kuisel, Seducing the French, . ., .7-10.

Peter J.Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane, Varieties of Anti-Americanism: A Framework for

Harald Mueller Thomas-Risse-Kappen,

Philippe Roger, . ., .11.

, Ian Buruma and

Paul Chilton and Christina Schaffner, . ., . 212-215.

David Howarth, . ., .100-102.

Pierangelo Isernia, Anti-Americanism in Europe during the Cold War, . ., . 64.

Brian McNair, An Introduction to Political Communication, Routledge, 2003, . 47.

, Lester Brune and Richard Dean Burns,

: Robert A. Pollard, The National Security State Reconsidered: Truman and

Pierre de Senarclens, . ., .168-169. Clifford , John Lewis Gaddis,

Franz Borkenau, The Totalitarian Enemy, Faber & Faber, 1940.

Les K. Adler, Thomas G. Paterson, . ., .1055. Thomas G. Paterson, Meeting the

Pierre de Senarclens, . ., .195-198.

Robert Frazier, Anglo-American Relations with Greece, . ., .157-161.

(North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO)85.

Thomas G. Paterson, Meeting the Communist Threat, . ., . 18-19.

Manuela Aguilar, Cultural Diplomacy and Foreign

Volker Berghahn, . ., .143.

Charles Alexander Thomson Walter H.C. Laves, Cultural Relations and

Lary May, Introduction, Lary May (.), . ., .5.

Tony Shaw, . ., .1. Tony Shaw

Tony Shaw, Hollywoods Cold War, . ., .60.

Tony Shaw, . ., .103-128.

Jussi M. Hanhimaki, Ironies and Turning Points, . ., .326-338.

Fred Halliday, . ., .17-18.

Francis Fukuyama, The End of History?, National Interest, Summer 1989. H.

Ibid. H. W. Brands, . ., . 209.

Dan Diner, . ., .7-8.

Dan Diner, . ., .31-37.

Dan Diner, . ., .46-51.

Dan Diner, . ., .82-103.

Dan Diner, . ., .109-112.

Uta G. Poiger, . ., .591.

Mary Nolan, Anti-Americanization in Germany, . ., . 132.

Mary Nolan, . ., .134-138.

beyond Deterrence in the 1960s, Routledge, 2007, . 131-143. ,

Andrei S. Markovits, On Anti-Americanism in West Germany, . ., .17-27.

Ibid, .53, 65.

Philippe Roger, . ., .21-38.

Philippe Roger, . ., .349.

Richard Kuisel, . ., .12-13.

Anthony Daniels, Sense of Superiority and Inferiority in French Anti-Americanism, Paul

Frank Costigliola, Kennedy, De Gaulle and the Challenge of Consultation, . ., .188.

Richard Kuisel, . ., .127-128.

Richard J. Golsan, . ., .55-56. Richard F. Kuisel, The American Economic Challenge: De

Press, 1986. H. C. Allen, The Anglo-American Relationship in the Sixties, International

Ibid, . 536-538, 540.

Patrick Deer, . ., .158-169.

Leon D. Epstein, . ., . 974-995.

178. , Congress for Cultural Freedom

Hugh Wilford, Britain: In Between, . ., .23-24, 28-37.

Nikiforos Diamandouros, Greek Political Culture in Transition, . ., . 52-53.

, . ., .682-691. Jean Meynaud, . , . , . .,

Evanthis Hatzivassiliou, Greece and the Cold War. . ., .5-11.

, , . , . 563, 25/12/1950, .19-22.

, 12/5/1958, .6. , 13/5/1958, .8.

, 14/8/1965, .3. , 8/9/1965, .3.

, 26/3/1965, , 3/4/1965, , 23/5/1965, , 25/5/1965, .8, , 26/5/1965, ,