Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
FL 013 557
ED 226 61
Leta, Dejenie
Oromo for Beginners. Language Materials.
Peace Corps, Washington, D.C.
AUTHOR
TITLE
INSTITUTION
PUB DATE
NOTE
PUB TYPE
75
58p.
Guides
Classroom Use
(051)
DRS PRICE
DESCRIPTORS
IDENTIFIERS
ABSTRACT
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.
LANGUAGE MATERIALS
ORORIO,
Ra.o2_ 31)5
TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."
Prepared by
Dejenie Leta
0
Awassa
Summer 1975
Table of Contents
I.
Preface
(i)
Key to Prosennciation
(ii)
Greetings
1-2
Proittouns
Possessive endings
Nwerals
6-7
Food
Drinks
Imperatives
10
11
12-13
Time
14-15
16
Family Relationships
17-19
Means of .Tranaportation
20
Common Adjectives
21
Common Colours
22
Prepositions
23
Directions
24
25-27
States of Being
28-32
Situational Conversation
33-41
Grammatical Appendix
4fOr
P B EF
C E
underteking was such that it was impractical to point out all the
miliste differences with other Oromo speaking areas such as
KEY TO PRONUNCIATION
Oromtvio a hamitic language, which means that it
cannot be transcribed in the Latin alphabet without
The following is a very approximative
difficulty.
as in
==
as in:, hate
(het),
=== (ed)
=
==== aid
====
as in: education (edukeshan)
as in
or,
more
==== (mor)
==
2. a) Consonants: -
P.
T is an explosive t..
(vi)
TuTTo, KurTi
(vii)
(viii)
OROMINNA
LESSON
PLAN
Kalati
waKa
or
= God
:waKayy0
or
b) ashaml
rabbi
naga
or
gari
fayya
well
Or
b) ashaml
Kalati = words
mEllEmamEja = exercise
/2/
C.
D.
garittil/nagattil/fayyatti!
2. Morning:
nagatti olil
3. Afternoon:
(Bye!)
(Good dayl)
-3-
II
PRONOUNS:=
at
Kalati
eu?
= who?
you
mali?
= what?
habEsha mg Ethiopian
enni = he
sidama
z13mhe = she
= Amhara
omo
= Oromo
Tigre
= Tigre
hakimi
= doctor
elsan = they
tamari/bara = student
nuy
= we
melltmamtja:-
asttmari/barsisa = teacher
Examples:
gabare/Kottu = farmer
le Q.
A.
2. Q.
A.
GI;
Safi = secretary
I shuferi = driver
daiiha = judge
wattaddara = soldier
Q: Ato Sabhat mali?
mo = or
Da = is
4.
I 0,
-4-
III
rifensa = hair
mata = head
Kalati
kan eigiu? = whose?
(h)idda = forehead
kun
= this
fula
sun
= that
= face
gurra = ear
ija
= eye
ba . it is
Mitti = it is ====
not
4
afan
= mouth
areda
= beard
hibi
= lip
ilkan
= tooth
arraba = tongue
morma
= neck
KonKo
= throat
gatetti = shoulder
Koma
= chest
dugda
= back
Warka
= hand
milla
= foot
gara
= stomach
Kuba(141.arka
= finger
Kuba milla
= toe
banna
or
BaKna
} = body
eyye
= yes
lakki
= no
-5-
POSSESSIVE ENDINGS:-
IV
Kalati
arsasi = pencil
rsasi - km
koti = coat
(pa pencil)
shEmizi/kitta = shirt
lt
ke (your pencil)
sUrre = trousers
sin
sa
"
mutanta
(his pencil)
underpant
kanatera = undershirt
- she (her
tt
It
nuy -
sani(his
asan -
"
Kamisi = dress
ft
1*Asin
shurraba = sweater
sa-ati = watch
(their pencil)
mCl1tmam0a:-
faKKe/mido =comb
Examples:-
mastawati/ilali = mirror
1.
Q.
mia = goods/belongings
A. sun mataketi (That is your head).
2.
bmrsa = purse/wallet
maharraba = handkerchief
mana = house
dalla = fence
It is your face.)
gibbi = compound
Q.
Sun shurrabisheti?
sire = bed
A.
farashi =mattress
Q.
ansola =bedsheet
A.
borati = pillow
n t; ilket
zanabllbsi = raincoat
Q.
A.
= clothing
wayya
trarcrtab5i...
t1
btanket
NUMERALS:-
Kalati.
takko =
digdama = 26
lama =
soddoma = 30
sadi =
afurtama = 40
afur =
shantama = 50
jatama =
mEShafa = book
shan = 5
ja-a =
6.
dr
= how many
-arsasi = pencil
60
torbatama = 70
torba = 7
saddettama.= 80
gati
saddet = 8
sagaltama =
santimi = cents
sagal
= 9
bibba
4cui3an
= 10
kuma
100
90
1000-
= price
birri =-(1011ar
damoza = salary
N.B.:-
a) dropping the "n" sound of "KuDan" for all tens. eg. 13=
Xuba sadi; 19= 4uba sagal; etc..
b) changing the last "a" sound to "i" for all nos. from 21
to 99.
221.- 35 = soddomi shan
53 = shantami sadi
97 = sagaltami torba
2. Numerals like 200, 3000, etc. are told by how many hundreds
or thousands they are;
eg:-
fr
al: 305
iI do not want"
an
nan barbada
in barbadu
at
hin barbadda
in barbaddu
hin barbaddu
in barbaddanu
hin barbada
in barbadu
a sin
nni
44
cof
VI Con....
ashen
hin harbaddi
in barbaddu
z s an
hin barbadu
in barbadanu
nuy
!tm bnr!,,nc.na
In barbadnu
tasin
hin barLaddu
in barbaddanu
asan
hin barbadu
in barbadanu
VII
Kalati
mal? = What?
buddena = iajera
yom? = when?
waTi/itto = woT
Eaccu = to eat
anKaKu/baPPa = egg
Kursi = breakfast
fen = meat
masa = lunch
KurTummi = fish
hola
= w,eep
sa-a = cuw
retti = goat
sanga = 9x
.andaKKo = chicken
.rbata = dinner
...f
"nein =
waddi = cooked/roaEt
uma
KiTTA = KiTTa
humj
or
aKayi = Kolc
)homa.
or
raw
affelli = cooked/boiI-d
CuKK0 = CuKK0
mullu = nafro
= ..and
= nothing
VII/
Kalati
bashan = water
ganama = morning
buna = coffee
guyya = day-time
shayi = tea
annan = milk
alkan = night
dai
ganna-= winter
= Ttj
farso = Ttlla
bona = summer
araK
Bugu = to drink
= liquOr
0-a = hot
malltmamE'as-
Kabbana-a/Korra = cold
Examples:duwwa
remptydir
Lonly
A. lakki, an fo
- 10 -
IX
IMPERATIVES
INFINITIVE
respect
MorF
plffal
kottu
kotta
demi
dema
Come
bufu
go
demu
Kalati
I
as= here
acci= there
..
ka'-i
Va-a
get up
ka-u
ta-i
ta-a
sit down
ta-u
'Cana= this
I
sana. that
Cisi
Cisa
. lie down/sleep
rafi
rata
bani
bana
. open
banu
Cufi
Cufa
= shut
Cufu
naDDu
fiabba
= eat
iiaccu
Cisu
malo= please(request)
11
11
rafu
11
6 bsa=light
I
lbalbala= door
imaskoti = window
1
radioni = radio
bugi
buga
bugu
Bizabbil
iiiKabba = wash(body)
miCCi
miCCa
= Wash (articles)
biKi
biKa
= drink
,Tarmusi = bottle
.
biKaccd
I wambari = chair
miCCu
,
I TaraPPeza = table
biKu
It
ebsi
ebsa
= put on(light)
.7.1:13su
yzro
bamsi
baTsa
bamsu
. put off(light)
II
ugga-
_....
"
II
uffaDDu
basi
basa
= take off(
gessi
gessa
kenni
kenna
= give
kennu
biti
bita
= buy
bitu
gurguri
gurgura = sell
gurguru
kasi
kasa
= lift
kasu
afi
afa
= fix (a bed)
afu
Taragi
Taraga
= sweep
Taragu
"
basu
It,
..
times
Rga tack@ tokKo =sometimes
.
TJE Cvn
r.5r.
mfir
g,rd
fida
f1di
bring
KulKullessa = clean
KulKullessi
0-isi
0-isa
heat
Kabbanessa = cool
Kabbanessi
fidu
KulKullessu
0-isu
Kabbanessu
X.
Kalati
dafino/wiTata -
Monday
faCasa/ballo -
Tuesday
robi
Wednesday
icamisa -
Thursday
jimata
Friday
today
harr-a
bor
= tomorrow
aft an
= day after
tomorrow
Walessa = yesterday
bengadda= day before
yesterday
mali?
= what?
X. Con
Q. bor mal?
A. bor jimata (ba)
Q. tiengadda-0?
Kalati
Oromainia
Amharic
Gregorian
fulbana/yaro
MrsiOrcm
Sept. 11-Oct. 10
Kore
Te&)mt
Oct - Nov.
mudde
hadar
Nov.Dec.
furma
tahsas
Dec.-Jan
(w)ogga = year
Camsa
Zar
Jan. -Feb.
bara
Korke
YkkkAtit
Feb.-March
ama = now
- month
year
-13XI, Con.......
Oromaiifia
Amharic
Kalati
911.9.22Lin
.1
boru
astggabit
March - April
w*SEbtjji
miazia
April-May
adolessa
gpinboi
May - June
arfasa/afrasa = autnmn
agEyya
stne
June - July
bora = Summer
CuluKKe
hamle
July-Aug.
b,nrra =. spring
Cx1Lggu
nk7hase
Aug. -Sept
ifa
Kamde
Pagume(n)
dukkan
ganna(i) = winter
light
= darkness
bokka =
mcllf.mamt,ja
sun = adu
waKa = sky
.
.
= flood
Kotisa = farm
laga/bcishan = river
yon'T
A. ganni agEyya
hora = lake
CuluKKef CIDLoggu kessa.
ijoKKe = mud
Cirracca = sand
biyyo = soil
lafa = earth
Cabbi = hail
hurri = fog
dumessa = cloud
fiTensa = dew
yom? = when?
kessa = in
20
Kalati
sa-ati . hour
amma = now
d4KiKa = minute
dura = before
Walakka = a4half
bodde = after
ba = is
ture = was
or
= less (-)
ta -a = will be
Combinations:-
amma sa-ati'kubanif
rubi Ba.
walakkaba
rubi hirr-u.ba.
15
have"
an
nan Kah-a
in Kab-u
at
Ian Kab-dda
in Kab-ddu
a sin
hin Kab-ddil
in Kab-ddanu
anni
hin Kab-a
in Kab-u
2tshen
hin Kab-ddi
in Kab-ddu
aosan
hin Kab-u
in Kab-anu
hin Kab-na
in Kab-nu
a sin
hin Kab-ddu
in Kab-ddanu
a san
hin Kab-u
in Kab-anu
nuy
N.B.:- 1. Both the present and future tenses follow this pattern.
2. The prefixes "nan" or "hin" can be used or dropped
out depending upon the type of question.
e.g.:- a) Q. at arsasi hin Kabda? (Do you have a pencil?)
-16-
rammo = worm
boyye =
sanga = ox
s(ha)arariti-= spider
bosonu = deer
jabbi = calf
kuruPPe= antelope
hola = sheep
kannisa = bee
retti = goat
farda = horse
bulalahuge = dove
warabessa = hyena
gangn = mule
bujale
ungo = fox
gala
= camel
gonda
= jigger
= ant
tiger or
.1`;11'eetah
harre = donkey
sere
Kerrensa
or
Nleopard
= dog
adurre = ca*
antuta = rat
lenCa = lion
arba = elephant
bofa = snake
varArra = chameleon
mellemamtja
Kalati
Da = from
ilalu = to see
Q. SO,P-0?
bitu = to buy
gurguru = to sell
Kabaccu = to have
barbaccu = to want
haccu = to eat
5ugu = to drink
17
pira = man
dubarti = woman
durba = girl
Kalati
hojjceu= to work
jiraccu = to live
du-u =
to die
maKa = name
duwwa = only/empty
muCa = child
essa? = where?
malin? = by what?
e3jolle = children
malif? = why?
abba = father
eflim
haEa = mother
obbolessa = brother
obboletti = sister
angaia = elder
how many
fuEu/fuccu = to marry (M)
KuTisu = younger
adada = aunt
wasila = uncle
4kko/akakayyu = grand parent
A.
H.
A.
-18V.
le do not know"
:iI know"
an
non bek-a
in bek-u
at
hin bek-tta
in bek-t..
a sin
hin bek-ttu
in bek-ttanu
"
bek-a
in bek-u
7., ellen
"
bek-tti
in bek-ttu
3 san
"
bek-u
in bek-anu
nuy
"
bek-na
nni
-a sin
" -ttu
-nu
u
-ttanu
-anU
a,,San
N.B.:- All regular verbs follow this pattern. (for present and
futo-
0:
Not)
- 19 -
m211*mamtja
Example:-
A. eyye, afan Oromo Tino Tino beka. (Yes, I know very little
Oromo language).
Q. afan china bekta?
Ka1ati
afan = mouth or
language(figurative)
ofu = to drive
A. an inbeku.
beku = to know
gulufu = to gallop
hojeccu = work or
prepare
taPaccu,= to play
Q. Obbo Sabhat bashan daku beku?
daku = to swim or
A. lakki, Obbo S.abhat bz/than daku inbekanu.
to grind
Q. KurTumi Kabu-O?
kwasi
ball
XVII
"I came"
4,
an
nan Duf -e
at
asin
"
Duf-ttani ..,_in-Duf-ne
--90,-
-------"
Duf -e..--
26
-20-
XVII. Con
,-)shen
hin fuf-tte
san
hin Duf-ani
nuy
hin ruf-ne
sin
--.
7- san
hin Duf-ani
XIX,
aroplani = airoplane
mtkina =
car
Dufu = to come
atobusi =
bus
beku = to know
markaba = ship
ofu = to drive
bidiru =
boat
demu = to go
gari
gari (eart)
malin? = by what?
gango
mule
you ?
farda = horse
milla =
= when?
foot
Da = from
abalota 4EIam gwadi = PCVs
Combinations:1. aroplani Dan Dufe.
I came by airplane)
-21-
ms_11t man*.ja:-
"
Dufte?
Q. ehnu hojin?
A. aroplani Ban
Q. mkkina Kabddi?
A. lakki, in Kabdu..
XX.
duda = deaf
Tinna(d) = small/little
kaLattu = beggar
gowwa = fool
chaba = short
furda = fat
Kallo = thin
-,--;Tyassa = poor
ulfata= heavy
bafafa/soressa = rich
or
respected person
goga = dry
jifa = wet
balla = wide
DiPPo = narrow
muCuCa = slippery
sirbitu = singer
gafe = bad
Turu/bayessa = good
-22 -
XX. Con
adamsitu = hunter
KulKUllu = clenn
Ulfa . pregnant
gutu = full
nafa = lame
KurCi = leper
haEoftu = bitter
fama = blind
rakasa = cheap
bareda . handsome
mi-a = expensive
bareddu = beautiful
fokkisa = ugly ( M)
fokkistu = ugly (F)
Durracca = black
Kalati
Kalami = colour
Or
ink
dima = red
ababo = flower
magarsu = green
marga = grass
bora = yellow
bala = leaf
magala = brown
.(y)okin = or
dalacca = grey
auLdltimamja:-
A. Denis ,furda
-23-
Da.
"
, magarsu Pa.
N.B. Eventhough both "mo" and " (y)okin" mean "or", the
former is used
statements.
XXII. PREPOSITIONS:Oli = up
gajjalla = beneath
gadi = down
gararra = over
mirga = right
--rra/rra/gubba = on
bita = left
jala = underneath
gara 7
L
or
= toWards
kessa . inside
kara
-- fan = by
Ta = from/at
Kalati
ala/bakke = outside
fulle/fuldura = opposite
Fio = near
fago= far
(h)ojin = with
jira = there i
(M)
m11manja
Kalati
Q. mannishe essa?
pharmacy
A. manniko Eio
biro = office
Kalati
XXII. DIRECTIONS:-
mirgo = north
ji-a = noon
boru = East
I 141
Dirima = West
ly:
adu = sun
00-1/rji = star
bito = South
Combinations
bari(adj.)
Examples:
1. Q. adnn
A. adun
-25Kalati
turu = to wait
It
A.
garaEiBimati.
to come out
liTu = to set (sun)
or
to enter
N.86:-
That
XXIV
shunkurtti = onion
= garlic
ofclay)
of clay)
ashabo/sogidda = salt
buna = coffee
shini = cup
atari/ato = pea
manKorKorya = kettle
boKKollo = corn
lomi
musi
Kabe = goard
= lemon
k'adU/bills= knife,
= banana
rafu = cabbage
dinnicca = potato
shukka = fork
fallana/manka = spoon
- 26
burtukana = orange
Kalati
Papa =
butter,
gati = price
tuga = real
badu
cheese
itittu
yoghurt
Pugansa 7
\.= its real
or
DrgdTinsa)
mamej a: -
A. birri lama.
Q. fjugansa meKa?
LLINELE DIALOGUE:Galatia:
PCV
(1511,1,1
asham IL
G.
gari jArtai
P.
gari Da.
G. maKanke
P. maKanko Henry Da.
G.
)10agganke meKa?
Kalati
maKa = name
biyya = country
wojinAli:ojin = with
beku = to know
baru = to learn
jabaccu = to get stronger
or courageous
27
P.
tole/ata-u = let it be
or
G. biyyike essa?
= all right
P. America 5a.
work harder
.
G. yom i5ufte?
P.
courage or
P. Andyfa hojin.
G. America yota
P.
debite demta?
G. jabaDDu bari.
P. ata-u
G. garitti oli!
P. garitti
to go back
-28-
STATES OF BEING:
XXV.
.eot
"I am hungry"
4
an
nan bel-a-e
at
.osin
" -of-tani
-a-e
Onni
)shen
" -of-tte
asan
nuy
asin
inbelofne
-a-ani
" -of-ne
" -of-ttani
-a-ani
,asan
malt.mamEja
Kalati
41
Q. a1 hin belafte?
Kufu = to be
Q. malif?
riaccu = to eat
A. Kursiko in hanne
malif?
korTa/koPPa = alone
A..orbatashe inhanne
Q. amma ilattetti?
A. eyye, riattetti
Q. ehhu
Wojin hatte?
a."
ull
= why?
B. AginW_TPAKAILY-410-34$C10-1:-
71 am thirsty"
an
nan Lebo.:ft5e
infebonne
at
hin
'
3sin
ishen
san
11
It,
nuy
11
=")san
" -tte
"
-ttani.
"
-te
"
- tte
"
-tani
"
nne
tt
"
-ttani
"
-tani
11
II
ma.11Vmamilkja:-
Henry:
FiTe:
gari
H.
gari.
woyya = better
F.
mal tate?
Ciala = greater
H.
nan DeboDDe
kam?. which?
F.
mal woyyare?
ma0..= what?
H.
wa Dugun barbada,
wa = something
F.
essa?
---re
H.
mama bunati,
dafi = be quick
F.
H.
F.
H.
garitti
attam olte?
Kalati
fugu = to drink
so/then
341 -
71 am tired"
4
an
nan daDIdab-e
at
hin
Pt
indaffabne
-dde
It
-ddani
sin
.onni
shen
-e
tt
II
ti
nuy
pp
tI
7,sin
Pt
-dde
pp
-ani
Pt
-ne
II
-ddani
It
-ani
Pt
Kalati
m4llimamLja
Q. ;=,sin Cisu barbaddu?
taPaccu = to play
dafEabu
Q. malif?
daTTabu
or
-to be tired
kuwasi = ball
CisuOr
rafu
= to sleep
- 31 -
an
na Dukkuba
at
si
Sin
Z)sin.
shen
na inbukkubu
tl
si
It
sin
sa
sa
43she
?she
It
san
)s an
nuy
nu
4sin
;Dsin
.) san
-5
II
miUlt.mamEja
Q. mal tatani?
A. na Dukkuba.
Q. malke?
A. gara ko.
Q. gara Cininnaba?
A. eyye,
Q. Koricca inKabdu?
A, Kaba,
nu
ti
sin
It
3 san
Kalati
fuLaccu = to take
Pukubsaccu = to be sick
fayyu = t9 recover
Q. liKimsika
woyya-u = to feel better
A. ata-u:
-32-
na Kabe
na inKabne
at
si
si
3sin
"
Amni
It
-Nsin
c3sa
It
she
.:Nehen
,-)san
nuy
nu
.Isan
II
nu
"
ysin
"
.)san
waLlmamtja:
Kalati
Q. mal tatani?
irriba = sleep(n)
A. utallen naKabe.
mugati =
Q. Koricca inKabdanu?
A. Kaba,
Q. liKimsa kd.
A. tole,
soda = fear
kolfa = laughter
A. sa-ati shanitti
ari = anger
gadda = sorrow
bo-icca = weeping
tole = O.K.
rafu = to sleep
Cisu = to sleep
ka-u = to get up
...
Situational Conversations
1: At the Market
Kalati
gati = price
Uebela: ashame
P.
KurTi = real
I.
shan shan.
gunguru = to sell
U. inta-u
gadi = below-
P. ja-a ja-0?
L. atau fida.
P. atau
D. ho-a
Situational Conversation
2.
PCV:
In a bar
Kalati
obbolessal
Woyyessa:
abet!
abet! = yes!
= first
P.
dura
W.
natamo Inigati?
bodde = later
yti
= food
nata
W. hundumtu jira,
b-ugati = drink
hundumte = everything
7
W. buddenan mo dabbo Lan.
attam? = how?
P. dabboLan.
walitti = altogether
W. ata-u-
holla = take it
likkifla = it is right
W. 4shi.
P. gatin meKa?
W. $1.90 -
P. attam?
W. gatin Tibsi $1.25,gatin birrammo $0.65,
walitti $1.90
P. 1ikkiPa. hoDu.
garitti /
Situational Ccnversritinn
Hiring A House:-
3.a)
attam Olte?
PCV:
Person A
P.
A. atta-u,
Person B.
5#.y.
Kalati
P. kirayinsa meKa?,
8. $125
anat/natti = to me
jiea = there is
P. KurTinsa
bayessa = good
meKa?
galie = had
P. atta-u inlalla.
manafinCani = latrine
weTbeti = kitchen
B. $100 atta-u.
P.
sa gaditti in ta-u?
Kalati
mi-a = expensive
B. inta-u,
rakasa = cheap
P. attau-ga.
ilalu = to see
wayya = is better
-36
Situational Conversation 3 (contld)
Kalati
B. bayessa go.
KulKullu = clean
B. garitti ola.
gadi = below
gudda = big
balla = wide
ItiPPo = narrow
ashamat
P.
albergon jira?
tole = O.K.
G.
yye jira
P.
kan meKa?
G.
kan $3, $5 f $7
Guddina:
Situational Conversation
Raggatu:
ashamal
hojjeccu 77 to work
PCV:
asham !
barbaccu = to want
R.
garadi barbaddu?
danda-u 77 to know or
to be able to do
dandessa?
danda-a.
wayya = clothes
miCC
= to wash
R. lamanu.
KulKulessu = to clean
P. wayya miCCuf tokkosu-o?
damoza . salary
R. nan danda-a
assabu . to think
kaffalu = to pay
P. mana kulKullessu-o?
hinu = to tell
R. hunduma nandanda-a.
male1-7--'njO
tawaji = guarantor
assaba nakenna.
kennu = to give
dabalu = to add
ga-a
R. $40
R. attau-ga.
P. tawajiticab'-a?
R. Kaba.
P. boru fidi kottu.
R. tole. garitti ola!
P. garitti!
enough
Raggatul
Raggatu:
abet!
P.
R.
Kalati
ogga = when
R. faranji Da.
Dumma = purpose
or
P. Tdra mo dubarti Da
aim
R. Dira
kessumma = guest
P. maKansani.C?
R. anatti in
7r1:1E
R. uma injenne.
R. samunan inga-u.
P. an biton fida.
R. tole ,
Situational Conversation
Kalati
5. a) Taxi!
PCV.
Tabya = station
Taxi!
sena;
Li= getin (resp.)
&pl.:laTail: abet!
P.
lirtaJ
T.
birri tokko.
P.
T.
ata-u sena/liTa.
singalateffahbA!
kuli = porter
T.
nagan
ga-u = to reach
P.
amen .
kuli1
abetl
fagaccu = to be far
P. shanTa kana otobusi Bunno Bedellen*
Diaccu = to approach
na ga-i,
ga-u = to reach
k.
tole.
P.
meKa sikaffalu?
giddu = in between
auftapi
katama = town
balagari = village
P.
ata-u
kThhagiri = administrative
region or province
awrajja = district
warada = sub drs1.1...,6
44) E
Kalati (contld)
c) On the bus
PCV:
ashama obbolessa/
Dabala:
ashama
P.
essc; demtu?
D.
Aggaro*n dOlna.
P.
D.
eyye beka,
P.
= pipe
korrenti = electricity
exceeds
Cala
jiraccu = to livelk
nama/Saba = people
kan = Of
mangistti = government
kilometri 48o
Otobusin sa-ati meKatti ga-a?
P.
kami? = which?
rra = from
. from
'
gara = towards
indanda-ama = it is
possible
D. eyye, Kaba.
P. nama/saba neKa K,vb44?
nama/saba kuma shan cdla
.
indanda-amu = it is not
possible
garu =
but
= because
jira.
4
marre.=
of course!
Mattu
tu.ru = to wait or
.,
to stay
D. kilometri 120
to get on
.
,4 0-4
'Angle )
D. marre
Bedelle f(w)ogga meKa turtu?
D. bayye bayessa.
P. ata-u.
GRAMMAIICAL APPEHIDIX
A.
eg:-
si
sini "
It
shef
= "
It
" him
= 6
" her
nu
asini
11
=
=
" us
II
jara
B.
verb "t'.:..lbe"
411.
0 11
II
C. a
Past
an
nan dem-a
at
hin
" -tta
" -ttu
!I
..1sin
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
nan dem-e
dem-e-ra
dem-en-tur-e
hin dem-tte
dem-te-tta
dem-te-ture-tte
II
" -ttani
"
-tani-ttu
" -telni"
-e-ra
ft
-t:ri
Imperative.
dem-i
11
-a
;-.
n -a
f,
.,nni
II
II
-e
te _
ft
_e
" -tti
.
sin
Z7) san
- to-" -tc
" -tte
"
-te-tti
"
n -ani
"
-ani- ru
It -ani ="-ani
- ne
_ ne . Fre
" -ne-"-rre
- u
"
nuy
" - na
"
" -ttu
it
"
.
- u
ft
tt
II
ft
"
- ttani
" -tani-ttu
" -tani-"-tani
"
- ani
" -ani-ru
"
n -a
III
in-dem-ne
dem-e-in turre
an
in-dem-u
at
fr
" -ttu
II
II
II
"
lsin
ft
" -ttanu
II
ff
ff
I,
"
It
II
II
ft
" -ttu
ft
ft
ff
.. she
- u
Imperative
Past Perfect
te
"
in-dem-ini
"
if
II
II
II
" -to
I'
"
"
"-ind
)san
nny
" -anu
II
II
" -ani
- nu
If
" - nu
II
II
11
II
"
1
.
II
.)sin9!
.1san
tt
"
ttanu
" -anu
..
tit_
F
II
"
"
II
....ilia.
IV
to sow (seed)
to soo
garafu = to whip
ajjesu = to kill
gorssu = to advide
aramu . to weed
geddaru = to change
aru = to be angry
gargaru . to help
arrabsu . to scold
galu = to enter
affblu = to cook (by boiling)
gessu = to take
(to a place)
afufu . to blow
tf, opon
gutu . to fill
basu
gatu
to throw/lose
beku . to know
gulufu = to gallop
to go out
barsisu = to teach
himu
bobessu
to tell
to set on fire
hatu . to steal
to see
to go
jarjaru . to be in a hurry
darbu . to paas
kaffalu . to pay
du-u
to die
kennu = to give
elmu . to milk
kolfu . to laugh
ergu
to send
kasu . to lift
:Thsu . to light
ka-u = to get up
Cisu = to sleep
Iyyu . to yell
Cufu . to shut
,Djajju = to stand
Calu . to exceed
koru
to fall down
kutu
to cut
liKimsu . to swallow
muru = to cut
Dlu
,fu . to drive
rafu . to sleep
rukutu = to hit/strike
Cininu . to bite
Cabsu = to break
Pitu = to kick
Doksu = to hide
Do-u = to burst
-Dumu
= to be finished
Kalu . to slaughter
KarKaru = to help
soromu = to be rich
Kufa-u = to cough
sirbu = to sing
Kotu . to plough
turu = to wait
Karu -. to sharpen
(h)umu = to create
Korru = to he cold
utalu . to jump'
KoPPessu = to prepare
wamu = to call
Safu . to write
waranu = to stab
Taru . to strive
- VI -
Type Two
argaccu . to get
sodaccu . to fear
aTinfaccu = to sneeze
taPaccu . to play
tuffaccu . to condescend
baccu . to carry
uffaccu . to wear
ulfaccu
dubbaccu = to talk
yabbaccu = to mount
r.rranfaccu . to forget
yadaccu . to remember
fu5accu = to take
Dabaccu . to stand
fakkaccu = to resemble
gafaccu = to ask
to be burnt
gubaccu
Diaccu
to be heavy/respected
to approach
guddaccu . to grow up
Dalaccu = to be born
(h)amummaccu . to yawn
Laggeffaccu = to listen
hojeccu . to work
Dungaccu . to kiss
= to live/be present
jirnccu
Dukkubsaccu = to be sick
jallaccu . to love
kar2accu . to beg
naccu
to eat
liKefaccu.= to borrow
rakkaccu = to be in trouble
N.B.:- The conjugation of these verbs ending with the "...ccu"
sound differs from that of Type One in that, in this case,
Type Thre(:,
Ajaju = to order
jalKabu = to start
badu = to be lost/spoiled
kntabu = to wriie
daiZabuf
or
k = to be tired
daTTabui
egu
collect/harvest
sassabu
Cabu = to be broken
to await
CalKabu = to start
fidu = to bring
Dabu = to plant
figu
to run
Kabu = to catch
gammndu . to be happy
Kadadu = to cover
gogu - to be dry
gubu
to burn
N.B.:-
"g" and "j" sounds varies from that of Type One in that the
suffix "t" sound (wherever it appears) is replaced by the,
Exceptions: gaddu, ergu, 'jajju all of which
belong to Type Onc.
"d" sound.
Type Four
bala-u = to be hungry
hasa-u = to talk
lakn-u . to count
macca-u=to be intoxicated
mia-u = to be sweet/expensive
N.B.:- The conjugation of these verbs which end with the "..a-u"
sound differs from that of Type One in that, in this case, the
sound "...of..." is includod in between the root-verb and the
an
nt
sho
nuy
nan bel-n
hin bel-of-tte
bel-of-tani
"
"
"-tte
"-no
ON.
&
-S1
Hi
kw,
Generally speaking,
nan adams
-a
shen
-i-ti
san
-u
nuy
-i-na
sin
san
It
11
-i-tu
-u