Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
(1
= + ) +
R&P
Upright Resistance of an NPL Hull
0.075
[10 2]2
Using this method, the results yield a ( 1 + k ) value of 1.483 and 1.568 for Lightship and Full Load
conditions, respectively (see graphical representation below).
y = 0.1897x + 1.4829
R = 0.9936
Fn^4/Cf
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Ct/Cf
y = 0.2162x + 1.5682
R = 0.9982
Fn^4/Cf
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
10
Ct/Cf
The full size required delivered driving force at any speed for which a resistance was measured in the
towing tank can be calculated by dividing the given resistance by the efficiency as a percentage of 1 (in
this case 0.55).
=
R&P
Upright Resistance of an NPL Hull
67.7
0.55
= 98.2
For example, for the top speed tested of 14.5m/s at full load, the total resistance at full size was calculated
to be 67.7 kN. Given the overall propulsive system efficiency of 55%, this yields a required delivered
driving force of 98.2 kN. This number is then divided by the full size speed for that resistance, in this
case, 14.5, yielding a result of 1424.5 kW total delivered driving force required to move the boat at
14.5m/s in a full load condition. (Ref. Appendix )
@ 14.5/ =
@ 14.5/ =
98.2
14.5 /
@ 14.5/ = 1424.5
R&P
Upright Resistance of an NPL Hull
Cwfs
0.000229
0.000583
0.001140
0.001416
0.001503
0.002429
0.003010
0.005284
0.008062
0.010145
0.010258
0.009351
0.007860
0.006701
0.005799
0.005099
0.004728
0.004461
0.004383
0.004090
0.003976
Rwfs
65
223
551
872
1127
2180
3181
7105
13448
20483
24931
27043
26655
26629
26593
26991
28529
30641
34141
36229
39310
Cffs
0.00239
0.00234
0.00230
0.00226
0.00222
0.00220
0.00217
0.00213
0.00210
0.00207
0.00204
0.00202
0.00199
0.00197
0.00195
0.00193
0.00191
0.00190
0.00188
0.00186
0.00185
Rffs
682.7
896.8
1112.6
1389.7
1667.3
1970.1
2291.6
2865.0
3498.6
4176.6
4960.9
5830.0
6760.2
7833.2
8949.4
10226
11552
13031
14650
16516
18297
Rvfs
1070.4
1406.2
1744.5
2179.0
2614.4
3089.1
3593.2
4492.3
5485.7
6549
7779
9141
10600
12282
14033
16035
18114
20433
22971
25897
28690
Rtfs
1135.6
1629.6
2295.9
3050.7
3741.1
5269.5
6773.9
11597.2
18933
27032
32710
36184
37255
38911
40626
43025
46643
51074
57113
62126
68000
R&P
Upright Resistance of an NPL Hull
Resistance (N)
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Froude Number
Rf/Fn
Rv/Fn
Rt/Fn
R&P
Upright Resistance of an NPL Hull
Cwfs
0.00000
0.00019
0.00000
0.00078
0.00076
0.00148
0.00200
0.00278
0.00462
0.00749
0.00911
0.00923
0.00830
0.00715
0.00603
0.00528
0.00472
0.00423
0.00427
0.00419
0.00416
0.00406
Rwfs
Rnfs
0
53
0
378
466
1105
1788
2926
6209
12497
18379
22418
23976
24259
23889
24230
24972
25426
29331
32712
36527
40385
Cffs
0.002463
0.002395
0.002342
0.002299
0.002258
0.002225
0.002195
0.002169
0.002131
0.002097
0.002069
0.002041
0.002016
0.001993
0.001972
0.001951
0.001932
0.001915
0.001897
0.001881
0.001865
0.001850
Rffs
490.6
682.7
890.0
1112.6
1390.8
1666.7
1966.9
2285.8
2865.0
3500.0
4175.1
4959.7
5822.8
6761.2
7813.6
8949.4
10212
11523
13039
14691
16392
18416
Rvfs
727.6
1012.4
1319.9
1650.0
2062.6
2471.7
2917.0
3389.9
4248.8
5190.5
6191.7
7355.3
8635.2
10027
11588
13272
15145
17088
19337
21787
24309
27311
Rtfs
727.6
1066
1320
2028
2528
3577
4705
6316
10458
17687
24570
29773
32611
34286
35477
37502
40117
42515
48667
54499
60836
67696
Resistance (N)
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Froude Number
Rf/Fn
Rv/Fn
Rt/Fn
R&P
Upright Resistance of an NPL Hull
Speed (m/s)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
RHP/Speed
R&P
Upright Resistance of an NPL Hull
4.0 Conclusions
After testing the semi-displacement hull form in the Southampton Solent University towing tank, it can be
concluded that the ITTC 1978 method of scaling resistances is indeed reliable. That being said, it is
obviously incorrect that the difference between total resistance at lightship and total resistance at full load
is as small as it has been calculated to be. This is likely due to the fact that certain data points had to be
left out of the Prohaska plots calculating form factor in order to make the final total resistances valid. If
every point within a Ct/Cf value of 8 had been used, the full load form factor would have been relatively
far greater, and the lightship form factor would have been relatively far less. Using these un-corrected
form factors, the total resistance at lightship condition is actually greater than the total resistance at full
load, a calculation defeated by common sense. In no real-world situation should the total resistance at full
load be any less than the total resistance at lightship for a given hull form.
It is likely that the issue here was caused by incorrect readings measured by the Solent University towing
tank carriages instrumentation, an incorrect reading which is probably caused by the fact that at low
speeds, outside factors play a much more pronounced role in the total resistance measured by the
carriages equipment. These factors may be the resistance of the carriage wheels rolling down the tracks,
inconsistencies in carriage speed, the time the tank was allowed to settle between runs, etc.
For this reason, the data was deliberately skewed by removing individual results from the Prohaska plot
calculating form factor which are believed to have been sufficiently affected by outside factors. The
points for removal were chosen due to the positive impact that was found on the total measured resistance
(in the relationship of full load to lightship) once they were removed.
While this makes the data look right in the end, it does call into question the validity of the Prohaska plot
and the judgment of the engineer using that plot to calculate form factor. Ideally, the resistance of a hull
would be measured by an instrument that had no outside factors affecting the results. A constant
temperature, zero frictional losses in the carriage, constant and consistent carriage speed, and a
completely calm tank before each run are just some examples of the factors that would eliminate the need
for judgment by the engineer choosing points to eliminate from a Prohaska plot. As it stands, there is
obviously no ideal tank that can exist under these conditions. This, unfortunately, makes the Prohaska
plot, and therefore the results derived from form factor, subjective and prone to inaccuracies. While these
inaccuracies exist, any resistance calculated using a Prohaska plotted form factor is going to be a
subjective estimate at best.
R&P
Upright Resistance of an NPL Hull
5.0 Appendicies
1112.6
1389.7
1667.3
1970.1
2291.6
4492.3
5485.7
6549
7779
9141
10600
12282
14033
16035
18114
20433
22971
25897
28690
1744.5
2179.0
2614.4
3089.1
3593.2
11597.2
18933
27032
32710
36184
37255
38911
40626
43025
46643
51074
57113
62126
68000
2295.9
3050.7
3741.1
5269.5
6773.9
11.60
18.9
27.0
32.7
36.2
37.3
38.9
40.6
43.0
46.6
51.1
57.1
62.1
68.0
2.30
3.05
3.74
5.27
6.77
61.85
112.5
176.7
234.5
283.0
315.5
356.7
400.1
455.3
526.9
615.6
733.0
850.4
983.4
7.34
11.01
14.89
22.96
32.02
Rnfs
0.00230
0.00226
0.00222
0.00220
0.00217
2865.0
3498.6
4176.6
4960.9
5830.0
6760.2
7833.2
8949.4
10226
11552
13031
14650
16516
18297
16.8
27.5
39.2
47.4
52.5
54.0
56.4
58.9
62.4
67.6
74.1
82.8
90.1
98.6
3.33
4.42
5.42
7.64
9.82
89.68
163.1
256.1
340.1
410.3
457.5
517.3
580.2
660.1
764.1
892.6
1062.9
1233.1
1425.9
10.65
15.96
21.60
33.29
46.44
2.36 6.73
1.65 4.04
RtRQD PowerRQD
0.000229 65
51417886
57991408
63992236
70028547
75985178
0.00213
0.00210
0.00207
0.00204
0.00202
0.00199
0.00197
0.00195
0.00193
0.00191
0.00190
0.00188
0.00186
0.00185
Fn^4/Cf
0.000583 223
Cwfs
551
872
1127
2180
3181
85717227
95469196
105035039
115238315
125703037
136128543
147355819
158299861
170064970
181581083
193719688
206294038
220008794
232438726
Froude N Fn^4
Run
0.001140
0.001416
0.001503
0.002429
0.003010
7105
13448
20483
24931
27043
26655
26629
26593
26991
28529
30641
34141
36229
39310
PowerE
3.199
3.608
3.981
4.357
4.728
0.005284
0.008062
0.010145
0.010258
0.009351
0.007860
0.006701
0.005799
0.005099
0.004728
0.004461
0.004383
0.004090
0.003976
RtE
0.1594
0.2520
0.3257
0.6303
0.9194
5.333
5.940
6.535
7.170
7.821
8.470
9.168
9.849
10.581
11.297
12.053
12.835
13.688
14.462
Rfm
1.0516
1.3030
1.5533
1.8247
2.1116
2.0538
3.8873
5.9209
7.2068
7.8173
7.7052
7.6975
7.6872
7.8022
8.2468
8.8574
9.8692
10.4726
11.3632
Rtfs
2.6202
3.1787
3.7731
4.4572
5.2117
6.0158
6.9395
7.8968
8.9878
10.1172
11.3726
12.7428
14.3174
15.8158
Rvfs
Rtm
1.806
1.871
1.897
2.110
2.251
1.6710
2.0272
2.4063
2.8426
3.3238
3.8366
4.4257
5.0362
5.7320
6.4523
7.2530
8.1268
9.1310
10.0866
Rffs
Cffs
Rwfs
0.652
1.083
1.640
2.398
3.381
4.674
7.066
9.694
11.66
13.03
13.72
14.64
15.58
16.79
18.36
20.23
22.61
24.79
27.18
Speedfs
LWLm
0.004795
0.004671
0.004573
0.004486
0.004409
5.616
8.836
13.20
19.49
28.08
39.24
54.73
73.92
99.85
131.4
172.4
224.4
293.8
369.9
Rwm
Rvm
Speedm
1.244 18.66 0.2104
0.00313
0.00506
0.00750
0.01075
0.01491
1502621
1673573
1841262
2020125
2203571
2386330
2583144
2774993
2981235
3183112
3395902
3616330
3856749
4074646
Ctm/Cfm
0.634
0.2364
0.2667
0.2943
0.3220
0.3494
0.02414
0.03715
0.05443
0.07886
0.1117
0.1536
0.2108
0.2808
0.3741
0.4861
0.6298
0.8099
1.0477
1.3053
Ctm
0.735
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
0.3942
0.4390
0.4830
0.5299
0.5781
0.6260
0.6776
0.7280
0.7821
0.8350
0.8908
0.9487
1.0117
1.0689
Cfm
1
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
Rnm
2
0.826
0.932
1.028
1.125
1.221
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
LWLfs
3
4
5
6
7
1.377
1.534
1.687
1.851
2.019
2.187
2.367
2.543
2.732
2.917
3.112
3.314
3.534
3.734
R&P
Upright Resistance of an NPL Hull
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
0.8458
1.7949
3.6125
5.3127
6.4804
6.9308
7.0125
6.9056
7.0043
7.2187
7.3500
8.4786
9.4560
10.559
11.674
0.0000
0.1094
0.1347
0.3194
0.5169
4.721
5.333
5.941
6.534
7.169
7.816
8.470
9.156
9.849
10.573
11.282
12.057
12.854
13.633
14.512
2.835
3.199
3.610
3.981
4.353
0.002776
0.004618
0.007489
0.009106
0.009226
0.008302
0.007152
0.006028
0.005283
0.004725
0.004225
0.004268
0.004187
0.004157
0.004056
0.000000
0.000782
0.000756
0.001475
0.001996
2926
6209
12497
18379
22418
23976
24259
23889
24230
24972
25426
29331
32712
36527
40385
0
378
466
1105
1788
0.000188 53
0.000000 0
75881844
85717227
95490360
105014497
115223375
125619001
136139125
147157244
158299861
169940472
181332086
193781937
206605284
219117385
233247966
45566456
51417886
58016308
63979164
69968165
0.002169
0.002131
0.002097
0.002069
0.002041
0.002016
0.001993
0.001972
0.001951
0.001932
0.001915
0.001897
0.001881
0.001865
0.001850
0.002342
0.002299
0.002258
0.002225
0.002195
2286
2865
3500
4175
4960
5823
6761
7814
8949
10212
11523
13039
14691
16392
18416
890
1113
1391
1667
1967
3390
4249
5190
6192
7355
8635
10027
11588
13272
15145
17088
19337
21787
24309
27311
1320
1650
2063
2472
2917
Rvfs
1320
2028
2528
3577
4705
728
Rtfs
6.32
10.5
17.7
24.6
29.8
32.6
34.3
35.5
37.5
40.1
42.5
48.7
54.5
60.8
67.7
1.32
2.03
2.53
3.58
4.70
29.82
55.77
105.1
160.5
213.4
254.9
290.4
324.8
369.4
424.2
479.6
586.8
700.6
829.4
982.4
3.742
6.489
9.127
14.24
20.48
728
6316
10458
17687
24570
29773
32611
34286
35477
37502
40117
42515
48667
54499
60836
67696
0.73 1.493
9.16
15.2
25.6
35.6
43.2
47.3
49.7
51.4
54.4
58.2
61.6
70.6
79.0
88.2
98.2
1.91
2.94
3.67
5.19
6.82
43.24
80.87
152.4
232.8
309.5
369.6
421.1
471.0
535.6
615.0
695.5
850.8
1016
1203
1424
5.426
9.409
13.23
20.64
29.70
1.55 3.795
1.05 2.166
1.9922
2.4781
3.0075
3.5673
4.2146
4.9232
5.6905
6.5474
7.4687
8.4893
9.5450
10.762
12.085
13.442
15.053
Rffs
1.453
1.646
1.645
1.806
1.928
1.3434
1.6710
2.0280
2.4055
2.8420
3.3198
3.8371
4.4149
5.0362
5.7244
6.4363
7.2572
8.1490
9.0641
10.150
Cffs
Rwfs Rnfs
Speedfs Cwfs
0.391
0.652
1.085
1.639
2.389
2.838
4.273
6.620
8.880
10.70
11.85
12.70
13.45
14.47
15.71
16.90
19.24
21.54
24.00
26.73
Rwm
0.004925
0.004795
0.004670
0.004573
0.004486
3.362
5.616
8.844
13.19
19.48
28.00
39.25
54.42
73.92
99.54
130.7
172.6
225.8
288.9
375.3
Rvm
Ctm/Cfm Rfm
Ctm
0.530
0.2095
0.2364
0.2668
0.2942
0.3218
0.01483
0.02414
0.03718
0.05439
0.07882
0.11135
0.15361
0.20971
0.28081
0.37297
0.48349
0.63058
0.81480
1.03084
1.32360
Fn^4/Cf Rtm
0.634
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
0.3489
0.3942
0.4391
0.4829
0.5299
0.5777
0.6260
0.6767
0.7280
0.7815
0.8339
0.8911
0.9501
1.0076
1.0726
Cfm
0
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
18.66
Rnm
0.732
0.826
0.932
1.028
1.124
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
1.244
2
3
4
5
6
1.219
1.377
1.534
1.687
1.851
2.018
2.187
2.364
2.543
2.730
2.913
3.113
3.319
3.520
3.747
R&P
Upright Resistance of an NPL Hull
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
R&P
Upright Resistance of an NPL Hull