PROBLEM 5.102 ‘Locate the center of gravity of the sheet-metal form shown. SOLUTION First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the form coincides with the centroid of the corresponding area. y= 644 = 7338in 1 3, - 1(6)=2in oO) % ~ jn ~ £(2)(6) - 38197in. Fiy = 11-2 (4)(18) = 10.363; Am | sim =| Fin | zim | Fain | pain’ | ZAin T ASE [nO 7333 2 Dots 24 mw | 3655 | 38197 | 38197 | 3 216 [216 169.65 m | 30 85 © 3 255 0 90 I | -3534_| 10.363 o 3 36.62 ae =] 901 | B44 273.0 Have HEA = DXA ¥(05.01in?) = 434in? or €=457in-4 or ¥ =3.20in.4 or Z = 287 in. 0 QgPROBLEM 5.107 ‘The thin, plastic front cover of a wall clock is of uniform thickness. Locate the center of gravity of the cover. First, assume that the plastic is homogencous so that the center of gravity of the cover coincides with the centroid of the comesponding area. Next, note that symmetry implies ZA De X = 1500 mm A.mm* Fem 7,mm yA,mm* 2.mm Pooyieee) ° 0 0 | 11760000 = 84000 Gales 25 140 350000 | 1960000 =14 000 (an\(s0) 25 ° 375.000 ° =15 000 ene 25 140 350000 | 1960000 =14.000 2 = (100) 0 130 0 4.084.070 = 31416 6 ° ° 174783 7 ° 260-9109) _ 94729 ° 174 783 3a E 1075000 | 11246363 Fed = 2y4 7(94170mm?) = 1075 000 mm? 11 246 363 um® or ¥=1142mm4 =119.4mm4PROBLEM 5.11 Locate the centroid of the plane area shown. ae 3m. tn, Ll SOLUTION First note that symmetry implies 4 4 4 1 Ha)e)=6 I 6 3 5 342) -4 0.6667 2.667 oe a o< or F =0632in. 4PROBLEM 5.110 ‘The frame of a greenhouse is constructed fiom uniform aluminum ‘channels. Locate the center of gravity of the portion of the fiauxe shown. a SOLUTION First, assume that the channels are homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the frame coincides with the centioid of the corresponding line. X02) astm Note 5 202). aa £(09) =1.4137m (09) Lm [=m | om zm wm | hm | ao r 0% 09. o 03 0540 ° 0.18 z 09, 0.45 ° 06 0.4050 ° Osa 3 18 075 0 1.350. 115 0 4 ie 075 0.6 1350 112s | 09. 5 24 12 06 0 2.880 14a 6 05 09 1S 03 0.540 09 0.18 7 09. was as 06 0.4050 [1.350 05a =| tar _|-os_| 2073 | 0 o.si00 | 2.9306 ae 9 | _1a37__|-0s73 | 2073 06 o.gi00 | 2.9306 | 08482 10 | 06 0 za 03 0 1.440 0.18 = | naz Gai [1468 | 48082 Have Fun = 2a: (11.827 m) = 620m? ¥(11.827 m) = 14681m? or F=1241m4 ZL = Yat: Z(11.827m) = 4.8082 m*PROBLEM 5.111 ‘The decorative metalwork at the entrance of a store is fabricated from ‘uniform stcel structural tubing. Knowing that X = 1.2 m, locate the center of gravity of the metalwork. ‘SOLUTION First, assume that the tubes are homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the metalwork coincides with the ‘centroid of the corresponding line. Note that symmetry implies Z=04 i,m zm ym xm i,m 3 (1.2)c0s45° = 0.8485 1s 25456 As 2 | 3 | (02)cosase-osass [1s 2.5456 45 3 | tae 3.7639 o 141897 4 | ae 3 288 113097 5 | 060 3.7639 | 1.44 7.0949 z_[ 15425 4112 41,594 Have XEL =2xL: ¥(15.425m) =9.4112m? or ¥=0610m4 YEL = Eyl: 7(15.425m) = 41.594¢m? or ¥=270m4@PROBLEM 5.116 Determine by direct integration the values of ¥ for the two vohimes ‘obtained by passing a vertical cutting plane through the given shape of Fig. 5.21. The cutting plane is parallel to the base of the given shape and divides the shape into two volumes of equal height. A bemisphere. SOLUTION Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dr. Then a = dx, Xp = The equation of the generating curve is x" + y? = a? sothat Pad —2 andihen Wana -x< Component 1 = fale? 2a = qe-2T ‘Component 2PROBLEM 5.119 Locate the centroid of the volume obtained by rotating the shaded area about the x axis. First note that symmetry implies dV = mde, =) so that 9 9d PROBLEM 5.119 CONTINUED Then W = feadV: 3(Seut') 3 eg? araonPROBLEM 5.134 Member ABCDF is a component of a mobile and is formed from a single piece of aluminum tubing. Knowing that the member is supported at C and that / = 2m, determine the distance d so that portion BCD of the member is horizontal. First note that for equilibrium, the center of gravity of the component ‘must lie on a vertical line through C. Further, because the tubing is uniform, the center of gravity of the component will coincide with the centroid of the corresponding line. Thus, ¥ =0 So that Eel =0 4 7 ® nen -{a-22Scass"}(075m) oO 2 + (05 ~ d)m (15m) Af. +[(1s-aym-(3x2mxomse)](2m)=0 i (0754154 2)4=[2(015)*- cos 55° + (0:73)(1.5) +3 or d =0.739m4b e PROBLEM 5:135, A cylindrical hole is, drilled through the center of a steel ball bearing shown here in cross section. Denoting the length of the hole by L, show that the volume of the steel remaining is cqual to the volume of a sphicre of diameter L. SOLUTION Calculate volumes by rotating cross sections about a line and using Theorem II of Pappus-Guldinus he Gly sy For the sector: For the triangle: \ 4=F(0)(4) a2; = e = Ee Using Theorem II of Pappus-Guldinas Youu = 24 (Va), A ~ 24(F.ca)y te (ar*) (VarP (te law -#)]PROBLEM 5.18 ‘The horizontal x axis is drawn through the centroid C of the area shown and divides the area into two component areas Ay and 43, Determine the first moment of each component area with respect to the x axis, and explain the results obtained. SOLUTION First, locate the position F of the figure. 1 ~ oO e : Cy, By z cs f 150-mrn (60+/00}mm oe Lt Ay mum? Frmm | ¥4,mm° 1 | 160x300= 48.000 | 150 | 7 200.000 -150%80=-16000 | 160 | -2 560000 = 32.000 4640 000 Then Yea=1ya (32 000 mm*) = 4 640 000 mm? or ¥ =145.0mmPROBLEM 5.2 Fs Locate the centroid of the plane area shown. 010 ort 165 um —y 5 men SOLUTION = ee ele Tae (| 0 1 | $x60%x75= 2250 | 40 25 | 90000 | 55250 2 | 10575 = 7875 1125 | 375 | ags900 | 205300 = 10125 975.900 | 351600 Then o ¥-9%4mm 4 and 7-24 2m or ¥ =34.7mm 4 ZA 10125 mm’Oem +105 0m—>} PROBLEM 5.22 'A thin, homogencous wire is bent to form the perimeter of the figure indicated. Locate the center of gravity of the wire figure thus formed. a @ © x First note that because the wire is homogeneous its cenierof gravity will coincide with the centroid ofthe corresponding line. L,mm xi,mm? | 71, mm* 1 165 ° 13612 0 2 5 375 | 12375 | 2812 3 105 5 18i2_|_7875 4 ioo? + 75° = 96.05 30 375 2881 3602, z 441.05 30680 | 14289 ‘Then XeL = EEL ¥ (441.05 mm) = 40 680 mm? or ¥ =92.2 mm + and 7(441.05 mum) = 14 269 mmm? 324mmPROBLEM 5.23 A thin, homogeneous wire is bent to form the perimeter of the figure indicated. Locate the center of gravity of the wire figure thus formed. jo} x First note that hecanse the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the ¥(77.233 mm) = 982.7 mm? ‘corresponding line. mm “| %mm ximm’ | 9L,mm* 1 Vi2t+Far3za6 | 6 3 80.50. 4025 2 16 2 4 192 24 3 21 15 2 31.50 462 4 16 2 4 =144 24 s (e+9 =10817 4st} 3 48.67 34S [= 71.233 11132 982.7 then FEL = EEL ¥ (77.233 mm) = 111.32 mm? and Y2L = UL or ¥ =12.72mm 4PROBLEM 5.29 Determine the distance h 50 that the centroid of the shaded area is as close to line BB’ as possible when (a) k = 0.2, (6) k = 0.6. iP 2 ¢,| (ath)/ 8B Se Thea y-B4 _ §e-[2 9 ]pate-n) e aT ba— B(a—h) 1a? (1-8) +? “2 afl-k)+ kh Let o Now find a value of ¢ (or h) for which ¥ is minimum: 5 2kg (c+ 8G) — kc + 45?) oe ee -(c+4¢*)=0 2 as cue © o 2 (c+46)-(c+4¢7) @PROBLEM 5.29 CONTINUED Expanding (2) Ub +26?-c-ko?=0 oF AE? +20G-c=0 co ete 40 ak ‘Taking the positive root, since A > 0 (hence ¢>0) pe ghia) + {A= Hy + 4k 8) SR ee -2(1- 0.2) + 4(1- 0.2 + 4(02)(1- 0.2) h04Ta 4 MNT eH) or h= Then (a) kb =02 he 202) 5 @ E=06 Pes Mies UN cach CG) fest) or h=03810 4© | PROBLEM 5.33 Determine by direct integration the centroid of the area shown. Express | your answer in terms of a and h For the element (EL) shown | 1 ® At r= ay ak ot ke hak@ on }2 @_—_ Hence, on tne 1 kx dx and on line 2PROBLEM 5.35 : Determine by direct integration the centroid of the area shown, First note that symmetry implies For the element (EL) shown y= RoosQ x= Rsind de = ReosOd dA = ye = R005" d0 Hence A= [dd = 26 R cos? 046 = a(S + =] ; Dasin2a) Wiad af Zeoso(n’ &0¥? 040) = »($eos?asina + | & (cos?asina + 2sinaz) 2 (ccstasina + 2si But A= [¥zud4 so y 3 etaiee tae) (a + sin2a) : 2 a Zp eee 3 (2a ¥sin2a) Alternatively,Se PROBLEM 5.36 ‘Determine by direct integration the centroid ofthe area shown. For the element (EL) shown, Then To integeate, let x = asin 8: Va ab, Then d~ £70 (a cos0|(acosad9) = 2 asin a A= frp [a0 a ler FA= |Fexdd: Vl abl1-= FA= [Fenitd xf :? PROBLEM 5.44 | A homogeneous wire is bent into the shape shown. Determine by direct integration the x coordinate of its centroid. wa First note that because the wire is homiogeneous, its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the corresponding line Now Ky eco8@ and dh = fed 4 dy? Where 2% 5 acos'O: dr = —3acos? Osinddg yr asin?9: dy =3asin?0cos0dO Then d= [(-aseoe @sinod0) + (Sasin® cosoio)] = 3acos0sin6(c0s*@ + sin? @) "40 = 3acos@sindd . b= fat = f*3acosdsinade = 3 and fad = fac0s'0(sav0s0sinédd) oe cool aid HencePROBLEM 5.48 Determine the volume and the surface area of the solid obtained by Totating the area of Problem 5.4 about (a) the line y= 22 mm, (5) the line x=12 mm, SOLUTION A= 2Z ven | X= 12 men * From the solution to Problem 5.4: A= 399mm’, X_,, =1.421 mm, Fg, =1242mm (Area) From the solution to Problem 5.23: L = 77.233 mm, Xing = 1.441 mam, Figg = 12.72 mm (ine) Applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have (@ Rotation about the line y = 22mm: (Area = 24(22~ Figg) = 2n[(22 ~ 12.72) mum](77.233 mm) = 4503 mm? 4=450x10 mm? 4 Vohume = 2(22~ Yq) A = 2[(22~12,42) mm ](399 mm*) = 24 016.97 mm? ¥ =240%10 mm 4 (0) Rotation about line x = 12 mm: ‘Area = 2r(12~ Xing) = 2e[(12 ~ 1.441) mm ](77233 mm) = 512445 man? A=S.12x10 mm? 4 Volume = 2a (12 ~ 1.421) 4 = 2e{(12 ~ 1.421) mm](399 mm*) = 26 521.46 mm? V =265%10 mm’ 4PROBLEM 5.5 ‘ Locate the centroid of the plane area shown. ee SOLUTION Axo. 4 a eae (120~ S>) mn re se = ce 100mm yee ioet x x r—— 60mm A, mm? =,mm | ¥,mm | %A,mm? | y4,mm* 1 | 12020-24000 | «0 | 120 | 1440000 | 2880000 2 945 | 120 | 334600 | -078 600 = 905400 | 2201 400 905 400 mm? ¢ 7“: 2A ¥=44mm 4 18345 mm? a and ee or F=93.8mm 4 18345 mmPROBLEM 5.51 Determine the volume and the surface area of the chain link shown, ‘which is made from a 2-in.-diameter bar, if SOLUTION First note that the area 4 and the circumference C of the eros section of the bar are md Cm ad Observe that the semicircular ends of the link can be obtained by rotating the cross section through a horizontal semicircular are of radius R. Thea, applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have Volume = 2(Vggc) +2 (Vins) = 2(AL) + 2(RA) = 2(L + 2R)A = 2[l0in. + x(3in)]) 22.049 in? ¥ =122.0in* 4 ‘Area = 2( Aug) +2{ dys) = 2(CL) + 2(aRC) (c+ aR)c = 2[l0in. + «(3in)][xeain.)] = 488.198in? att A= ARBin?PROBLEM 5.56 ‘The aluminum shade for a small high-intensity lamp has a uniform thickness of 3/32 in. Knowing that the specific weight of aluminum is 0.101 fof’, determine the weight of the shade, i ‘SOLUTION The weight of the lamp shade is given by | Wav =7At where 4 is the surface area of the shade. This area can be generated by rotating the line shown about the x axis. Applying the first theorem of Pappus-Guldiaus, we have A= 223L = 2033 (Fils + Fala + Ful + Fale mn) + { 280-4975) gn Then 2141-€ |PROBLEM 5.60 The reflector of a small flashlight has the parabolic shape shown. Determine the surface area of the inside of the reflector. First note that the required surface area 4 can be generated by rotating the parabolic cross section through 2 radians about the x axis. Applying the first theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, we have A= aj Now, since eb at raae=k(75) Pe a= $625k ® At x= (a+15)mm:a +15 = k(125)° or +15 = 156.25k 2) Then ae ae8 ve or @ =8,4375 mm Bg. (1) > k= 01S mm x=015y? and $0 Now a 14(2) 5 Vraare Se Geet es te ie 1 An defy 00a y : ~aLi(aa)tomy'] or 4=1013mm? <4 sPROBLEM 5.62 eek For the beam and loading shown, determine (a) the magnitude and location of the resultant of the distributed load, (6) the reactions at the 2% beam supports. SOLUTION & Ener ee SooN a - (pesiot shia Ss i i LsooN aoe ciara A, ete Mh by @ Have R, = (300.Nin)(6m) = 1800 Ry = $(61)(900 Nin) = 1800 ‘Then +[ 2K: -R=-R\- Py or R = 1800 N +1800N = 3600 N 2)za,: -¥(3600N) (3m)(1800N) - (4:5 m)(1800 N) or 375m R=3600N 4 ¥-3.35m (0) Reactions SEF 20: 4-0 +)5M@,=0: (6m), ~ (3600.N)(3.75m) - 0 ae 2, = 250N B=250N | 4 +}28,=0: 4, +2250N = 3600N ce 4, = 1350 A=190N | 4PROBLEM 5.72 Determine (a) the distributed load -¥, at the end D of the beam ABCD x. fr which the reaction ot B is zero, (8) the corresponding reactions at C. SOLUTION Have R, = (9 m)[(3.5—v)kavin] = 4.5(3.5 —w, J Ry = (9m)(w%p kim) = 9%) KN (@) Then +) EMe=0: ~50KN-m + (5 m)[4.5(3.5— Wo) KN] + (3.5 m)(9w) kN) = 0 o 9p + 28.75 =0 30 Wp = 3.1944 N/m Wp =3.19kNin [4 Note: the negative sign means thatthe distributed force w, is upward. © ter atc, : — 4.5(3.5-+3.19) KN + 9(319) KN + C, or C, = 1375 kN C=1375KN{ <4sm PROBLEM 5.75 The cross section of a concrete dam is as shown. For a dam section of unit width, determine (a) the reaction forces exerted by the ground on the base AB of the dam, (6) the point of application of the resultant of the reaction forces of part a, (c) the resultant of the pressure forces exerted by the water on the face BC of the dam. In the following problems, use y= 62.4 lb/ft? for the specific weight of fresh water and 7, = 150 lb/ft for the specifie weight of concrete if US. ‘customary units are used. With SI units, use p = 10° kg/m’ for the density of fresh water and p, = 2.40 x 10° kg/m? for the density of concrete. (See the footnote on page 222 for how to determine the specific ‘weight of a material given its density.) The free body shown consists of a I-m thick section of the dam and the triangular section BCD of the water behind the dam. Note: =6m =(9+3)m=12m Hy =(15+2)m=17m ¥,=(15+4)m=19m =m (a) Now W = pg sothat m= (2110ko/n’)(osime?)[$(om)(sm)( »)| S89 W, = (2400 ke/m’ )(9.81 mis*)[ (6 m)(18-m)(11m)] = 2543 a ~ (210k fost) 3 (6m)(12m)(1m)| =1271N W, = (2400 ke/m?)(9.81 mi) Somas m)(i n)| = 529.7 kN Also P= 7 dp ~ 3{(t#m)(tm)][ (10 ta2m")(981 m6?)(18 m)| = 1589kN Then LER,=0: H 1589 kN =0 or H= 1589 kN H = 1589kN — 4 +| 2H, =O: V -1589kN —2543KN — 1271 KN - 529.7 kN or V = 5933kN Vv =s93MN{ 4PROBLEM 5.75 CONTINUED (B) Have £) EM, =0: X(5933KN) + (6m)(1589kN) ~ (6m)(1589 kN) — (12 m)(2543 kN) — (17 m)(1271 kN) — (19 m)(529.7) = 0 or X =1048m x =1048md to the right of A (©) Consider water section BCD as the free body. Have =IF=0 ° P=1589RN. -R e {= ra S297 RN Then -R = 1675KN < 18.43° or R=1675KN & 18.43° 4 c ‘Alternative solution to part (¢) ‘Consider the face BC of the dam. {8m| 78) & 16 mo = 5 8 =18.43° and P= (eg)h = (1000 kp/m’)(9.81 ms*)(18 m) 2 Pp = 176.6 kNim? em Le Lipa! : Then R= 5 Ap = 5[(1897 m)(1m) (176.6 enim’) = 1675KN R = 1675kN 7” 18.43°PROBLEM 5.8 y Locate the centroid of the plane area shown. 26a | n An) SOLUTION First note that symmetry implies 3 4x6 , am @ af aa oo aot Fin. | 54 in* | | 1 10977 | 4267 | 2 2.546 144 z 31.42 101.33 > _ B74 _ 101.33in? ses Pasa 7 31a? dei =04 or ¥=323in 4PROBLEMS 5.85 AND 5.86 Problem §.85: A 2 = 3-m gate is hinged at A and is held in position by fod CD. End D rests against a spring whose constant is 12 kNim. The spring is undeformed when the gate is vertical. Assuming that the force exerted by rod CD on the gate remains horizontal, determine the a minimum depth of water d for which the bottom B of the gate will move to the end of the cylindrical portion of the floor. Problem 5.86: Solve Problem 5.85 if the mass of the gate is S00 kg. Te First, determine the forces exerted on the gate by the spring and the A water when B is at the end ef the eylindrical portion of the floor. Have sind = 3 @=30° Then Xp = (1.5m)tan30° and F, = (2kNim)(1.5m)tan30° =1039kN Assume d22m Have P= dap=1a(og)n Peas Then (2m)(3m)][{(10" kgm?) (9.81 ms?)(a — 2)m] Poo fe \\ (2m)cox3S = 29.43(d— 2) EN ae = Hl2m)(3m)][ 10" nein) (981 ms?)(d —2 + 260030°)a] é = 29.43(d — 0.2679) kNPROBLEMS 5.85 AND 5.86 CONTINUED 5.85 Find dja so that gate opens, W’ = 0. Using the above fiee-body diagrams of the gate, we have SIM, =0 (3: [29 43(d - 2)kN] x (Sm )sasa ~ 0.2679) kN] ~ (1.5 m)(1039kN) = 0 o 19.62(d ~2) + 39.24(¢ - 0.2679) = 15585 58.86d = 65.3374 or d=11105m d=1110m4 5.86 Find d,, so thatthe gate opens. w = (9.81m/?)(s00kg) = 4905 kN Using the above frce-body diagrams of the gate, we have 4) EM,=0 (3m)[aeasa ~2)kN] + ($=). — 0.2679) kN] ~(1.5 m)(10.391N) + ~(05m)(4.905 iN) -0 or 19.62(d — 2) +39.24(d - 0.2679) = 18.0375 or 4 =115171m d=1ismdPROBLEM 5.91 Determine the y coordinate of the centroid of the body shown. SOLUTION First note that the values of Y” will be the same for the given body and the body shown below. Then Cone Cylinder T z Have Thea ~~ 2(4h— 30)‘PROBLEMS 5.94 AND 5.95 Problem 5.94: For the machine element shown, determine the + coordinate of the center of gravity. Problem 5.95: For the machine -y coordinate ofthe center of gravity. clement shown, determine the 5.94 Have 5.95 Yer =3v (13.3454 in’) = 32.618 in* ¥(13.3484in’) = 9.9922 int 2 a 2. ¥, in’ xin | Fin | xyin* JY. in* I GEHO75 = 10.8 20 | 0375 21.6 4.05 m (ZAjZ0N0.6 = 288 37 195 10.656 5.616 aL H0.45)°(0.4) = 0.2545 42 25 1.0688 054711 w | -40.57(0.75) = -0.5890 12 | 0375 | -o7068 | —022099 E 133454 32618 9.9022 REY =23V First, assume that the machine element is homogeneous 0 that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the corresponding volume. or X= 244in. ot ¥ =0.749in.