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Lesson6|

AneasypacedapproachtolearnSanskrit

Lesson6

SimpleSanskritLesson6
PostedonMay1,2012June11,2012byslabhyankar

SimpleSanskritLesson6

DeclensionsofmasculineandneuternounsweredetailedinLesson5.
Declensionsofnounsfollowpatterns,whicharedifferentdependinguponitsendingsoundand
alsoitsgender.
Byitsendingsound,therewillbetwobroadcategories
Thosehavingvowelending
Thosehavingconsonantending.Amongthepronouns,whichwerealreadydetailed,,

,,
,
,
,
,
allofthesehaveconsonantending.

Amongvowelendingwords,wealreadyhaveagoodcollectionofmasculineand
neuternouns.IntheTable61belowwordswithendingofallvowelsarecompiled.Wordslisted
inrowsfromanddown,havebeentakenfromthewebpagesbyMr.G.S.S.Murthy,
compiledathttp://murthygss.tripod.com/Sabda_1.htm
(http://murthygss.tripod.com/Sabda_1.htm)Mr.G.S.S.Murthyhasnotonlylistedallthesewords
buthasdoneawonderfuljobofalsodetailingdeclensionsofallofthem.
Table61

shavingvowelending
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(1)
,,,
,,,
,,,,
,,
,
,
,,
,
,
,,,
,
,

Thereareno
femininewords
havingending
sound

(2)
,

(3)

(4),,
,,
,,

Rare

Declensionsof
theword

havebeen
alreadydetailed.

(5),,,,

(6),,

(7),
,

(8)
,,
,

(9),,,

Nil

(10)
,

(11)

(12),

(13)

(14),

Nil

(15),
,

(16),
,

(17)

Nil?

Nil?

Nil?

(18)

Nil?

Nil

(19)

(21)(=
heaven)

(22)(=?)

(23)

(24)(=ship)

(25)
(=?)

Examplesofandasfeminineandneuterwordsand,
asfeminineand
neuterwordsareverykindlysuggestedbyDr.AvinashSathayeofUniversityof
Kentuckygivingreferenceofabook.Followinghissuggestion,Icouldlocate(=
heaven)and(=ship)inAptesdictionaryalso.

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heaven)and(=ship)inAptesdictionaryalso.

Bytheway,makesallvowelendingwordsintoasetbythename(Note=
+wheremeansallvowels).How
meansallvowels,willbecomeadierentstudyof

grammaraphorisms.Mentionhereisjusttoappraisereadersthatallvowelendingwordsbecome
elementsofaset,whichisgivenashortnameas.
Intheabovetable,onegetstonoticepaernsofdeclensionsforvowelendingwords
numberedfrom1to25.Ofthesewehavedonetwopaernsof

and

.Actuallythese25paernsarenotjustfornouns,butalsoforadjectives.Forexample,
intheabovelistswehavequiteanumberofadjectivessuchas
,
,,
,,,,
or

fromthestoryofthirstycrowinpreviouslesson5.Foradjectiveswewillneed

tohavedeclensionsinallthreegenders,becausethesewillhavetoqualifyanounofanyofthree
genders.Assuch
isfeminineofpronoun,
Wehavealreadystudieddeclensionsof,inallcasesandinallthreegenders.

Iamdoingcopy>pasteoftablesdirectlyfromhttp://murthygss.tripod.com/
(http://murthygss.tripod.com/)(ManythankstoMr.G.S.S.Murthy!)
Table62
(=one)

Thenumericaladjectivewillhavecommonusageofdeclensionsonlyinsingular.Ihence

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Thenumericaladjectivewillhavecommonusageofdeclensionsonlyinsingular.Ihence
thoughtitgoodtosavespacebycompilingdeclensionsinallthreegendersinonetable.
Itmaybenoticedthatthedeclensionsofmasculineandneutergendersareidenticalinallcases
exceptin.
Itmaybealsonoticedthatdeclensionsofthisnumericaladjectiveinthird,fourth,fthand
seventhcasesissimilartothoseofthepronounandnotlikethoseofnoun.Actually,

:and:
:conveythesamemeaning,right?Thatmaybethereason,

whythedeclensionsofnumericaladjectivearesimilartothoseofthepronoun.Infactin

Aptesdictionary,isdetailedbothaspronounandadjective.
Anindenitenumerallike
willhavedeclensionsinallthreegendersandinallthreenumbers
singular,dual,plural.Althoughitsmeaningsoundstobeclosertoplural,wehaveitsusageas
allthat,orwholeofit,whichissingular!Arentgrammariansveryminuteobservers!
has
declensionsverysimilartothoseof.InfactinAptesdictionary
isalsodetailedbothas

pronounandadjective.
Itisnowinterestingtonotethatthefeminineofistobeconsideredtobe.
Likewisefeminineof
istobeconsideredas
.Infactfeminineof
wasalso(SeeTable41).Well,therearerulesofobtainingfemininesfordierent
nouns,pronounsandadjectives.Forexample,fromcommonknowledgeweknowthat<>
,<>,<>arerelatedpairsofmasculineandfeminines.
Thatalsogivessomelogictowhytherearenofemininenouns.Conversely,thereareno
neuters.masculinesarethere,asifonlyasexceptions.An
exampleisinTable63below.
Table63

:(=ProtectoroftheUniverse)

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Likewise(
)(=etc.)
Table64
:(=GoddessLakShmi)

(Likewise)

etc.()

Proceedingwithwordsofothervowelending
Table65

:(=GodViShNu)

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Likewise()etc.().Itshouldbenotedthatinthirdcasesingular,and

sixthandseventhcasepluralthereisinectioninplaceofandinectioninplaceof,due
toin.Suchinectionwillnotbetherefor.
Declensionsofareexceptional.Theyneedtobenotedseparately.
Table66

:(=Master,Husband)

Notableexceptionsareinsingularsofthirdtoseventhcases.
Declensionsofalsoareexceptional.Theyneedtobenotedseparately.
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Table67

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Table67

:(=Friend)

Table68

:(=water)

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Notetwooptionalformsforaddresscasesingular.
Wordhasexceptionaldeclensions.Hencetheseshouldbenoted.
Table69

:(=eye)

Table610
:(=Intellect)

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Likewise()

etc.()

Notethatthereareoptionaldeclensionsforsingularsoffourth,fifthandseventhcases.
Havingnotedthedeclensionsforwordsinallthreegenders,itwouldbegoodtonotethe
declensionsofthenumericalpronounadjectivesand,whichalsoare.willhave
declensionsprimarilyindualandwillhavedeclensionsprimarilyinplural.So,weshall
tabulatetheirdeclensionsbycolumnsforgenders,aswasdonefor.
Table611
Declensionsofpronounadjective(=two)

Interestinglythereareonlyfourvariants
inallthe21declensions.That

makesitsimple,right?Thereagaindeclensionsforsixofthesevencasesaresameinallgenders.
Onlyinrstcasetheyaredierent.Theretoo,thoseoffeminineandneutergendersareidentical.
Yetinitsformdoesnotappearanywhereornodeclensioniscloseenoughtothe
form.
Whentwopersonsorthingsaretogether,thereisthestyleofspeakingofthepairorcouple,e.g. 9/11

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Whentwopersonsorthingsaretogether,thereisthestyleofspeakingofthepairorcouple,e.g.
pairofshoes.ForthistheSanskritwordise.g.,
,

.Itshouldbe

notedthatisnounprimarilyneuter

.So,itsdeclensionswillbeasper
thoseof
.Itwillhavedeclensionsinallnumbersaccordingasthenumberofpairs
singular,dual,plural.Bythattoken,wouldmeanbytwopairsofhands,i.e.by

fourhands!Thereisthespecialpairofhusbandandwife,forwhichthereisaspecialword
.
AsdetailedinAptesdictionary,itis

.IjustaddeditintheTable61.
Table612
Declensionsofpronounadjective(=three)

Declensionsofhaveclosecorrespondencewiththe,.Declensionsofmasculineand
neutergendersarecommonexceptinrstandsecondcases.
Thereisalsothestyleofspeakingofatrio,threepersonsorthingstogether.Sanskritwordfor
thisis.Itisanadjectiveanditsfeminineis,meaningatrioortriplet.The
feminineisoftenusedasanoun,especiallyreferringtothethreeprimaryVedas

andtogether.
Thereismuchmoretolearnaboutnumbers.Thatmeritsaseparatechapter.
oOo
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