Lap Trinh PHP PDF

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Mon hoc: PHP

Bai 1
Nhng van e chnh se c e cap trong bai hoc:
9 Gii thieu PHP
9 Cau hnh IIS, Apache Web Server
9 Cai at PHP.
o Cai at PHP.
o Cau hnh ng dung PHP
9 Gii thieu PHP.
o PHP Script.
o Ghi chu trong PHP
o In noi dung bang PHP
1. GII THIEU PHP
PHP viet tat cua ch Personal Home Page ra i nam 1994 do phat minh cua
Rasmus Lerdorf, va no tiep tuc c phat trien bi nhieu ca nhan va tap the khac, do o
PHP c xem nh mot san pham cua ma nguon m.
PHP la kch ban trnh chu (server script) chay tren pha server (server side) nh
cach server script khac (asp, jsp, cold fusion).
PHP la kch ban cho phep chung ta xay dng ng dung web tren mang internet hay
intranet tng tac vi moi c s d lieu nh mySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server va
Access.
Lu y rang, t phien ban 4.0 tr ve sau mi ho tr session, ngoai ra PHP cung nh
Perl la kch bang x ly chuoi rat manh chnh v vay ban co the s dung PHP trong nhng
co yeu cau ve x ly chuoi.
2. CAI AT PHP
Cai at PHP tren nen Windows th s dung php-4.0.6-Win32.zip, sau khi cai at
ng dung nay tren a cng se xuat hien th muc PHP, trong th muc nay se co tap tin
php4ts.dll va php.exe cung vi th muc sessiondata.
Ngoai ra, trong th muc WINDOW hoac WINNT se xuat hien tap tin php.ini, tap
tin nay cho phep ban cau hnh cho ng dung PHP. Chang han, khi s dung session, PHP
can mot ni e lu tr chung, trong tap tin nay mac nh la session.save_path =
C:\PHP\sessiondata, neu ban cai at PHP vi th muc PHP tren a D th ban can thay
oi ng dan trong khai bao nay.
Tng t nh vay, khi co loi trong trangPHP th loi thng xuat hien khi trieu goi
chung, e che dau cac loi nay th ban can khai bao display_errors = Off thay v chung
trang thai display_errors = On.
Ngoai ra, trang PHP cung co the trnh bay mot so warning khi chung phat hien cu
phap khong hp ly, chnh v vay e che dau cac warning nay th ban cung can khai bao
trang thai Off thay v On nh assert.warning = Off.
3. CAU HNH NG DUNG PHP

3.1. Cau hnh IIS
Sau khi cai at he ieu hanh Windows NT hay 2000 tr ve sau, bang cach khai bao
mi mot web site hay virtual site trong mot site ang co theo cac bc nh sau:
1. Tao mot th muc co ten myPHP e lu tr cac tap tin PHP
2. Khi ong IIS (t ong khi ong neu Windows NT/2000)
Giao vien: Pham Hu Khang
3.
4.
5.
6.
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Chon Start | Programs | Administrative Tools | Internet Information Server

Neu tao virtual site th chon Default Web Ste | R-Click | New | Virtual Site
Trong trng hp tao mi Site th Default Web Ste | R-Click | New | Site
Neu chon trng hp 4 th ban cung tap dien giai cua site nh hnh 1-1
Hnh 1-1: Khai bao dien giai

7. Chon nut Next va khai bao IP va port, trong trng hp ban khong s dung port
80 cho ng site khac th chon gia tr mac nh. Tuy nhien neu co nhieu ng
dung trc o a cau hnh trong IIS th ban co the thay oi port khac, v du
chon port 85 nh hnh 1-2.
Hnh 1-2: Khai bao IP va Port

Lu y rang, port 80 la port chuan ieu nay co ngha la khi trieu goi tren trnh
duyet ban khong can go port, v du http://localhost/. oi vi trng hp port khac th ban
phai go tng t nh http://localhost:85/
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8. Chon Next, ban chon th muc cua ng dung, oi vi trng hp nay chung ta
chon vao th muc myPHP, chang han trong trng hp nay chung ta chon ht
muc myPHP nh hnh 1-3.
Hnh 1-3: Chon th muc myPHP

9. Ke en chon quyen truy cap web site, trong trng hp ang thiet ke th ban
chon vao Browse. Ngoai ra, neu ban cho phep ngi s dung internet co the
thc thi tap tin thc thi t xa th chon vao tuy chon execute.
Hnh 1-4: Quyen truy cap

10.Chon Next va Finish, trong ca so IIS xuat hien ng dung co ten myPHP (khai
bao trong phan dien giai) nh hnh 1-5.
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Hnh 1-5: Tao thanh cong ng dung PHP trong IIS

11.Sau khi tao ng dung xong, ban chon ten ng dung myPHP | R-Click }
Properties | ca so xuat hien nh hnh 1-5.
Hnh 1-5: Cau hnh PHP trong IIS

12.Bang cach chon vao nut Configuration, ca so se xuat hien nh hnh 1-6.
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Hnh 1-6: Them PHP Engine

13.Chon nut Add, va khai bao nh hnh 1-7.
Hnh 1-7: Khai bao PHP Engine

14.e kiem tra ung dung, ban m ca so IE va go tren thanh a ch chuoi nh sau:
http://localhost:85/ , ket qua xuat hien nh hnh 1-8.
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Hnh 1-8: ng dung PHP a c khi ong
3.2. Cai at Apache Web Servr

e cai at Apache Web Server, ban theo cac bc sau
1. Chep tap tin apache_1.3.22-win32-x86.exe xuong dia cung
2. Chay tap tin nay va cai dat len dia C:\Program Files\, sau khi ket thuc thanh
cong phan cai dat Apache, ban bat au cau hnh ng dung PHP.
3. Chep ba dong lenh t tap tin install.txt trong th muc C:\PHP
ScriptAlias /php/ "c:/php/"
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
Action application/x-httpd-php "/php/php.exe"
4. Paste vao tap tin httpd.conf trong th muc

Group\Apache\Conf\
C:\Program Files\Apache
5. Chon Start | Programs | Apache HTTP Server | Control Apache Server | Start
6. Viet trang test.php voi noi dung
7. Chep
tap
tin
test.php
Group\Apache\htdocs\
<?echo "hello";?>
vao
thu
muc
C:\Program
Files\Apache
8. Sau o go tren trnh duyet http://localhost/test.php
4. GII THIEU PHP

4.1. Yeu cau
PHP da tren cu phap cua ngon ng lap trnh C, chnh v vay khi lam viec vi PHP
ban phai la ngi co kien thc ve ngon ng C, C++, Visual C. Neu ban xay dng ng
dung PHP co ket noi c s d lieu th kien thc ve c s d lieu MySQL, SQL Server hay
Oracle la ieu can thiet.
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4.2. Gii thieu

PHP la kch ban trnh chu (Server Script) c chay tren nen PHP Engine, cung
vi ng dung Web Server e quan ly chung. Web Server thng s dung la IIS, Apache
Web Server, ...
4.3. Thong dch trang PHP

Khi ngi s dung goi trang PHP, Web Server trieu goi PHP Engine e thong dch
(tng t nh ASP 3.0 ch thong dch ch khong phai bien dch) dch trang PHP va tra ve
ket qua cho ngi s dung nh hnh 1-9.
Parse
Web
Server
Tap tin
PHP
Request
Parse
Request
Response
Response
PHP
Engine
Hnh 1-9: Qua trnh thong dch trang PHP
4.4. Kch ban (script)

Noi dung cua PHP co the khai bao lan lon vi HTML, chnh v vay ban s dung cap
dau gia <?=tr/bieu thc/bien?> e khai bao ma PHP. Chang han, chung ta khai bao:
<br>
1-Gia tr bien Str: <?=$groupid?>
2-Gia tr bien i: <?=$i?>
3-Gia tr cu the: <?=10?>
Chang han ban khai bao trang hello.php vi noi dung nh v du 1-1 sau:
V du 1-1: Trang hello.php
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>::Welcome to PHP</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Greeting: <?="Hello PHP"?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Ket qua tra ve nh hnh 1-10 khi trieu goi trang nay tren trnh duyet.
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Hnh 1-10: Ket qua trang hello.php

Trong trng hp co nhieu khai bao, ban s dung Scriptlet, eu nay co ngha la s
dung cap dau tren nh <?php Khai bao ?> vi cac khai bao PHP vi cu phap cua C nh
sau:
<?php
$sotrang=$pagenumber;
$record=$rownumber;
$totalRows = 0;
$paging="";
?>
-Khai bao tren la Scriptlet
Gia tr cua paging: <br>
<?= $paging ?>
-Khai bao nay la Script
Lu y rang, ket thuc moi cau lenh phai dung dau ;

V du, ban khai bao oan PHP tren trong tap tin script.php nh v du 1-2
V du 1-2: Trang script.php
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<?php
$record=$rownumber;
$totalRows = 0;
$paging="Go to 1 2 3 4 5 Next";
?>
Gia tr cua paging: <?= $paging ?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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Lu y rang, neu ban muon s dung script hay scriptlet nh ASP th ban khai bao
trong tap tin php.ini nh sau:
asp_tags = On
; Allow ASP-style <% %> tags. mac nh la Off
Khi o trong trang PHP, thay v ban khai bao

<?php
$record=$rownumber;
$totalRows = 0;
$paging="";
?>
Th ban co the khai bao nh sau:

<%
$record=$rownumber;
$totalRows = 0;
$paging="";
%>
4.5. Ghi chu trong PHP

Ghi chu trong kch ban PHP tng t ngon ng lap trnh C, e ghi chu mot dong
th ban s dung cap dau /. Chang han khai bao sau la ghi chu:
<?php
// Khai bao bien e paging
$record=$rownumber;
$totalRows = 0;
$paging="";
?>
Trong trng hp co nhieu dong can ghi chu ban s dung cap dau /* va */, v du
khai bao ghi chu nh sau:
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/*
Khai bao bien e oc d lieu
trong o totalRows la bien tra
ve tong so mau tin
*/
$result = mysql_query($stSQL, $link);
$totalRows=mysql_num_rows($result);
Ngoai ra, ban cung co the s dung dau # e khai bao ghi chu cho tng dong, v du
khai bao sau la ghi chu:
<?php
# Khai bao bien e paging
$record=$rownumber;
$totalRows = 0;
$paging="";
?>
4.6. In ket qua tren trang PHP

Khac v cac kch ban nh ASP, JSP, Perl, oi vi PHP e in ra gia tr t bien, bieu
thc, ham, gia tr cu the th ban co the s dung script nh tren:
Gia tr cua paging: <%= $paging %>
Tuy nhien, e s dung cu phap cua PHP khi in ra gia tr t bien, bieu thc, ham,
gia tr cu the th s dung khai bao echo nh sau:
<?php
$stSQLs=select * from Customers;

echo $stSQLs;
?>
Chang han, khai bao echo nh v du 1-3.

V du 1-2: Trang echo.php
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<?php
$record=$rownumber;
$totalRows = 0;
$paging="Go to 1 2 3 4 5 Next";
/*dung phat bieu echo */
echo Gia tr cua paging: ;
echo $paging;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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5. KET LUAN
Trong bai nay, chung ta tap trung tm hieu cach cai at PHP va Apache Web
Server, sau o cau hnh ng dung PHP trong IIS hay s dung cau hnh mac nh cua
chung.
Ngoai ra, ban lam quen cach khai bao ma PHP trong trang .php cung vi script hay
scriptlet.
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Mon hoc: PHP

Bai 2
Bai hoc nay chung ta se lam quen va tm hieu cu phap va mot

so phng thc c ban cua PHP:
9
9
9
9
9
Cau lenh.
Kieu d lieu va bien
Khai bao va s dung hang.
D lieu mang
Chuyen oi kieu d lieu
1. KHAI NIEM VE CU PHAP PHP
Cu phap PHP chnh la cu phap trong ngon ng C, cac ban lam quen vi ngon ng C
th co li the trong lap trnh PHP.
e lap trnh bang ngon ng PHP can chu y nhng iem sau:
Cuoi cau lenh co dau ;
Bien trong PHP co tien to la $
Moi phng thc eu bat au { va ong bang dau }
Khi khai bao bien th khong co kieu d lieu
Nen co gia tr khi au cho bien khai bao
Phai co chi chu (comment) cho moi feature mi
S dung dau // hoac # e giai thch cho moi cau ghi chu
S dung /* va */ cho moi oan ghi chu
Khai bao bien co phan biet ch hoa hay thng
2. KHAI BAO BIEN

Khi thc hien khai bao bien trong C, ban can phai biet tuan thu quy nh nh: kieu
d lieu trc ten bien va co gia tr khi au, tuy nhien khi lam viec vi PHP th khong
can khai bao kieu d lieu nhng s dung tien to $ trc bien.
Xuat phat t nhng ieu tren, khai bao bien trong PHP nh sau:
$variablename [=initial value];
$licount=0;
$lsSQL=Select * from tblusers where active=1;
$nameTypes = array("first", "last", "company");
$checkerror=false;
Chang han, khai bao nh v du 2-1 (variables.php)

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
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<BODY>
<h4>Variable</h4>
<?php
$sotrang=10;
$record=5;
$check = true;
$strSQL="select * from tblCustomers";
$myarr = array("first", "last", "company");
$myarrs[2];
$myarrs[0]="Number 0";
echo $myarr[1];echo "<br>";
echo $myarrs[2];
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
3. KIEU D LIEU
Bang cac kieu d lieu thong thng
Boolean
True hay false
Integer
gia tr ln nhat xap x 2 ty
Float
~1.8e308 gom 14 so le
String
Lu chuoi ky t chieu dai vo han
Object
Kieu oi tng
Array
Mang vi nhieu kieu d lieu
3.1. Thay oi kieu d lieu

e thay oi kieu d lieu, ban co the s dung cach ep kieu nh trong cac ngon ng lap
trnh C hay Java. Chang han, khai bao ep kieu nh v du 2-2 (box.php):
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Variable</h4>
<?php
$i="S10A";
echo $i+10;
echo "<br>";
$i="10A";
$j=(float)$i;
$j+=10;
echo $i;
echo "<br>";
echo $j;
echo "<br>";
$q=12;$p=5;
echo "Amount: ".(float)$q/$p;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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Lu y rang, PHP t ong nhan biet gia tr chuoi ang sau so se khong c chuyen
sang kieu d lieu so nh trng hp tren.
Ngoai ra, ban co the s dung ham settype e chuyen oi d lieu nay sag d lieu khac,
v du chung ta khai bao nh v du 2-3 (settype.php).
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Change DataType of Variable</h4>
<?php
$var="12-ABC";
$check=true;
echo $var;
echo "<br>";
echo $check;
echo "<br>";
settype($var,"integer");
echo $var;
echo "<br>";
settype($check,"string");
echo $check;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
3.2. Kiem tra kieu d lieu cua bien

e kiem tra kieu d lieu cua bien, ban s dung cac ham nh sau:
is_int e kiem tra bien co kieu integer, neu bien co kieu integer th ham se tra ve gia
tr la true (1). Tng t, ban co the s dung cac ham kiem tra tng ng vi kieu d
lieu la is_array, is_bool, is_callable, is_double, is_float, is_int, is_integer, is_long,
is_null, is_numeric, is_object, is_real, is_string. Chang han, ban khai bao cac ham nay
nh v du 2-4 (check.php).
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Check DataType of Variable</h4>
<?php
$sotrang=10;
$record=5;
$check = true;
$strSQL="select * from tblCustomers";
$myarr = array("first", "last", "company");
$myarrs[2];
echo is_array($myarr);
echo "<br>";
echo is_bool($record);
?>
</BODY>
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</HTML>
3.3. Thay oi kieu d lieu bien

Khi khai bao bien va khi tao gia tr cho bien vi kieu d lieu, sau o ban muon s
dung gia tr cua bien o thanh ten bien va co gia tr chnh la gia tr cua bien trc o
th s dung cap dau $$. V du, bien $var co gia tr la "total", sau o muon s dung bien
la total th khai bao nh v du 2-5 (change.php).
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Change DataType of Variable</h4>
<?php
$var="total";
echo $var;
echo "<br>";
$$var=10;
echo $total;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
3.4. Kieu Array

Kieu mang la mot mang so lieu do ngi dung nh ngha, chung co cu phap nh
sau:
$myarrs=array("first", "last", "company");
// mang bao gom cac kieu chuoi
hay co the khai bao nh sau
$myarr[]=array(3);
$myarr[0]="Number 0";
Th t index trong mang bat au t v tr 0. Chang han, ban khai bao mang mot chieu
theo hai cach tren nh v du 2-6 (array.php).
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Array on demenssion</h4>
<?php
$myarr[]=array(3);
echo $myarr[0];
echo $myarr[1];
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echo $myarr[2];
echo "<br>";
$myarrs=array("first", "last", "company");
echo $myarrs[2];
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Neu nh ban khai bao mang hai chieu, th cu phap khai bao nh sau:
$myarrs[][]=array(2,3);
Chang han khai bao nh v du 2-7 (arrays.php):

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Array two demenssions</h4>
<?php
$myarrs[][]=array(2,3);
$myarrs[0][0]="Number 00";
echo $myarrs[0][2];
echo "<br>";
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
3.5. Kieu oi tng

e khai bao oi tng, ban s dung khai niem class nh trong ngon ng lap trnh C
hay java, ngoai ra phng thc trong PHP c biet en nh mot ham. ieu nay co
ngha la t khoa la function.
Neu ham co ten trung vi ten cua class th ham o c goi la constructor. Chang
han, chung ta khai bao class va khi tao chung th t ong constructor c goi moi
khi oi tng khi tao, sau o goi ham trong class o nh v du 2-8 (object.php).
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Object</h4>
<?php
class clsA
{
function clsA()
{
echo "I am the constructor of A.<br />\n";
}
function B()
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{
echo "I am a regular function named B in class A.<br />\n";
echo "I am not a constructor in A.<br />\n";
}
}
// Goi phng thc clsA() nh constructor.
$b = new clsA();
echo "<br>";
// Goi phng thc B().
$b->B();
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
3.6. Tam vc cua bien

Tam vc cua bien phu thuoc vao ni khai bao bien, neu bien khai bao ben ngoai ham
th se co tam vc trong trang PHP, trong trng hp bien khai bao trong ham th ch
co hieu lc trong ham o.
V du, chung ta co bien $a khai bao ben ngoai ham nhng khi vao trong ham th bien
$ c khai bao lai, bien nay cotam vec ben trong ham. Tng t nh vay, khi bien
$i khai bao trong ham th ch co tam vc ben trong ham cho du chung c khai bao
lai ben ngoai nh v du 2-9 (scope.php).
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Scope of Variable</h4>
<?php
$a = 100;
/* global scope */
function Test()
{
$i=10;
$a=10;
echo "<br>a:=$a";
echo "<br>i:=$i";
/* reference to local scope variable */
}
Test();
echo "<br>a:=$a";
$i=1000;
echo "<br>i:=$i";
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Ngoai ra, e s dung bien toan cuc trong ham, ban s dung t khoa global, khi o bien
toan cuc se co hieu lc ben trong ham. V du khai bao bien $a ben ngoai ham, sau o
ben trong ham Test ban s dung t khoa global cho bien $a, khi o bien $a se c s
dung va gia tr o co hieu lc sau khi ra khoi ham ch khong gong nh trng hp
trong v du scope.php nh v du 2-10 (global.php).
<HTML>
<HEAD>
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</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Scope of Variable</h4>
<?php
$a = 100;
/* global scope */
function Test()
{
global $a;
$i=10;
$a+=10;
echo "<br>a:=$a";
echo "<br>i:=$i";
/* reference to local scope variable */
}
Test();
echo "<br>a:=$a";
$i=1000;
echo "<br>i:=$i";
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
4. HANG TRONG PHP

4.1. Khai bao va s dung hang
Hang la gia tr khong thay oi ke t sau khi khai bao, ban co the s dung phat bieu
Define e khai bao hang nh sau:
define("MAXSIZE", 100);
e s dung hang, ban khai bao nh v du 2-11 (constant.php)

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Constant</h4>
<?php
define("pi",3.14);
function Test()
{
echo "<br>pi:=".pi;
echo "<br>pi:=".constant("pi");
}
Test();
echo "<br>pi:=".pi;
echo "<br>pi:=".constant("pi");
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
4.2.
Kiem tra hang
Khi s dung hang, ma hang cha ton tai th ban s dung ham defined nh v du 212 sau (defained.php):
<HTML>
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<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Constant</h4>
<?php
define("pi",3.14);
//define("hrs",8);
function Test()
{
if(defined("pi"))
echo "<br>pi:=".pi;
else
echo "<br>pi not defined";
if(defined("hrs"))
echo "<br>hrs:=".hrs;
else
echo "<br>hrs not defined";
}
Test();
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
5. KET LUAN
Trong bai nay, chung ta tm hieu cach khai bao hang, bien va s dung hang bien. Ngoai
ra, ban cung tm hieu cach chuyen oi kieu d lieu, kiem tra kieu d lieu, tam vec cua
bien.
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Bai 3
PHEP TOAN VA PHAT BIEU CO IEU KIEN
TRONG PHP
Chng nay chung ta se lam quen va tm hieu toan t, phat bieu
co ieu kien va vong lap cua PHP.
Nhng
9
9
9
9
van e chnh se c e cap trong bai hoc nay

Toan t.
Phep gan trong PHP
Phat bieu co ieu khien.
Vong lap.
1. KHAI NIEM VE CAC TOAN T TRONG PHP
Khi ban lap trnh tren PHP la s dung cu phap cua ngon ng C, C++.
Tng t nh nhng ngon ng lap trnh khac, toan t giup cho ban thc hien
nhng phep toan nh so hoc hay tren chuoi.
Bang sau ay giup cho ban hnh dung c nhng toan t s dung trong
PHP, PHP nh ngha toa t toan hoc, quan he, so hoc, bit va not so phep toan
gan.
Loai toan t
Dien giai
V du
Arithmetic
+
*
/
%
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Modulus
a
+
a
a
*
a
/
a % b
b
b
b
b
Relational
>
<
>=
<=
!=
==
Greater than
Less than
Greater than or equal
Less than or equal
Not equal
Equal
a
a
a
a
a
a ==
b
b
b
b
b
Not
AND
OR
!a
a
&&
a || b
Logical
huukhang@yahoo.com
Toan t
!
&&
||
>
<
>=
<=
!=
b
3-1
Assignment
=
++
-+=
-=
*=
/=
%=
|=
&=
^=
.=
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Increment and assign

Decrement and assign
Add and assign
Subtract and assign
Multiply and assign
Divide and assign
Take modulus and assign
OR and assign
AND and assign
XOR and assign
Concat and assign
a
a++
a-a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
+=
-=
*=
/=
%=
|=
&=
^=
.=
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
Allocation
new
Create a new object of a

class
new A()
Selection
? :
If...Then selection
a ? b : c
2. GII THIEU TOAN T
Khi noi en toan t, chung ta luon lien tng en th t x ly, cung nh

trong toan hoc, toan t trong PHP cung co o u tien add-subtract-multi-divide.
2.1. Toan t AND
Khi thc hien mot viec tang len gia tr th ban s dung cu phap nh sau:
$ i=0;$j=0;
j=i++;// i tang sau khi gan i vao j, chnh v vay sau khi gan i vao j, j van
khong thay oi
oi.
j=++i;// i tang trc khi gan i vao j, chnh v vay sau khi gan i vao j, j thay
V du 3.1: Phep toan AND.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>AND Operator</h4>
<?php
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$i=10;
$j=5;
$j+=$i++;
echo "j=$j";
echo "<br>";
echo "i=$i";
echo "<br>";
$j+=++$i;
echo "j=$j";echo "<br>";
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
2.2. Toan t Not: ~ And !
Toan t ~ ao nghch tat ca cac bit cua tham so, con toan t ! ao nghch
gia tr cua gia tr trc o. Chang han trong trng hp nay chung ta s dung
cho bieu thc hay bien co gia tr boolean.
V du 3.2: Phep toan ~ and !
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>~, ! Operator</h4>
<?php
$i=10;
$j=5;
$j+=~$i;
echo "j=$j";
echo "<br>";
$j+=~$i++;
echo "i=$i";
echo "<br>";
$j+=++$i;
echo "j=$j";
echo "<br>";
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
2.3. Toan t nhan va chia: * and /
Ban co the tham khao v du sau

V du 3.3: Phep toan * va /, + va <HTML>
<HEAD>
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</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Multi And Divide Operator</h4>
<?php
$i=10;
$j=5;
echo $i/$j;
echo "<br>";
echo $i*$j;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
2.4. Toan t modulus: %
Khi chia mot so cho mot so, ban can ket qua la so d cua phep chia o th
dung toan t modulus
V du 3.4: Phep toan %
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Mod Operator</h4>
<?php
$i=10;
$j=7;
echo $i%$j;
echo "<br>";
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
2.5. Toan t quan he: >=,>,<,<=,==,!=
Khi can so sanh ket qua gia hai toan han vi nhau, thong thng ban ngh
en phep toan so sanh nh la bang, ln hn, nho hn, v du sau dien giai cho
ban cac toan t tren:
V du 3.5: Phep toan >,>=,<,<=,==,!=
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Comparation Operators</h4>
<?php
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$i=10;
$j=9;
echo $i<$j;
echo "<br>";
echo $i!=$j;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
2.6. Toan t && va ||
&& la toa t and trong so hoc, || la toan t or trong so hoc. Hai toan t
nay rat thng dung trong khi lap trnh tren PHP, v du di ay dien giai cho
ban ay u hai toan t nay. Chu y rang khi s dung toan t eu co kem phat
bieu co ieu kien.
V du 3.6: Phep toan && va ||
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Logic Operators</h4>
<?php
$b=true;
$j=3;
if (($j>=3) && ($b!=true))
{
echo "result is true";
}
if(($j<3) || ($b==true))
echo "result is false";
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
2.7. Toan t ?:
Toan t nay thay the cho phat bieu co ieu kien if...else, khi ban can lay
ket qua theo ieu kien nao o, neu co the khong can phat bieu if-else, th hay
thay the bang toan t ?:, cu phap cua chung nh sau:
str1=str2.equals(khang)?Welcome to PHP:Good bye PHP;
V du 3.7: Phep toan ?:
<HTML>
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<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Selection Operators</h4>
<?php
$str1="Pham Huu Khang";
$str2 ="Khang";
$str1=(str1==str2)?"Welcome to PHP":"Good bye PHP";
echo "result is ".$str1;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
3. PHEP GAN
Khi gan mot gia tr hay bien vao mot bien trong PHP, ban phai dung en
phep gan, nhng trong PHP cung giong nh trong C th co nhng phep gan c
n gian hoa hay noi ung hn la chuan hoa e rut gon lai trong khi viet.
3.1. Phep gan thong thng nhat nh sau:
$j=i;
$str1 = Hello!;
$b=true;
3.2. Phep gan them mot gia tr la 1
$k=0;
$k++;
3.3. Phep gan chuoi
$strX="Hello";
$strX.= world;
$strX.=ABCc.$x;
3.4. Phep gan them mot vi chnh no gia tr
$k=0;$j=1;
$k+=$j;
tng t nh vay chung ta co $k*=2, ngha la $k=$k*2
4. PHAT BIEU CO IEU KIEN
Cac phat bieu co ieu kien nh :

IF (ieu kien) { cau lenh; }
IF (ieu kien) { cau lenh; }ELSE { cau lenh; }
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IF (ieu kien) { cau lenh; }ELSEIF { cau lenh; }

switch (ieu kien)
{
case Value1
cau lenh1;
break;
}
While (ieu kien)
Do - While (ieu kien)
Break
Continue
4.1. Phat bieu IF (ieu kien) { cau lenh; }
S dung phat bieu if e chon loc ket qua khi ieu kien ung, v du nh sau:
V du 3.8: Phat bieu IF
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>IF Statement</h4>
<?php
$b=true;
$j=3;
if(($j>=3) &&($b!=true))
if(($j<3) ||($b==true))
echo "result is false";
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
4.2. Phat bieu IF (ieu kien) { cau lenh; }ELSE { cau lenh; }
S dung phat bieu if e chon loc ket qua khi ieu kien ung, va xuat ra ket
qua khi ieu kien sai, v du nh sau:
V du 3.9: Phat bieu IF - ELSE
<HTML>
<HEAD>
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</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>IF ELSE Statement</h4>
<?php
$b=true;
$j=3;
if ($j>3)
else
{
$j++;
echo "result is $j";
}
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
4.3. Phat bieu ELSEIF
Phat bieu elseif la phan cua phat bieu if else nhieu nhanh, khi co nhieu
ieu kien chon la th ban s dung elseif, cu phap cua chung nh sau:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>ELSEIF Statement</h4>
<?php
$b=true;
$j=3;
if ($j>3)
elseif ($j=0)
{
$j++;
echo "result is $j";
}
else
{
$j--;
echo "result is ". $j--;
}
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
4.4. Phat bieu Switch (ieu kien)
Phat bieu switch la phan cua phat bieu elseif nhieu nhanh, khi co nhieu
ieu kien chon la th ban s dung switch, cu phap cua chung nh sau:
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Switch(ieu kien)
{
case Value1
cau lenh1;
break;
case Value2
cau lenh2;
break;
default:
cau lenh default;
}
Break: dung e thoat ra khoi switch khi thoa mot case nao o trong switch,
default: khi khong co bat ky gia tr nao thoan trong cac case th gia tr cuoi cung
la defaule statement
V du 3.10: Phat bieu Switch
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>SWITCH Statement</h4>
<?php
$j=3;
$j=date("w");
$str="";
switch($j)
{
case 0:
$str="Today is Sunday";
break;
case 1:
$str="Today is Monday";
break;
case 2:
$str="Today is Tueday";
break;
case 3:
$str="Today is Wednesday";
break;
case 4:
$str="Today is Thursday";
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break;
case 5:
$str="Today is Friday";
break;
case 6:
$str="Today is Saturday";
break;
default:
$str="Today is Sunday";
break;
}
echo $str;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
4.5. Phat bieu While(ieu kien)
true.
Phat bieu while thc thi nhng cau lenh trong while khi ieu kien co gia tr
V du 3.11: Phat bieu While

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>While Statement</h4>
<?php
$j=10;
while($j>0)
{
echo $j."<br>";
$j--;
}
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
4.6. Phat bieu For
sau:
Phat bieu for dung cho vong lap co gii han cho trc, cu phap co dang nh
V du 3.12: Phat bieu For

<HTML>
<HEAD>
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</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>FOR Statement</h4>
<?php
for($j=1;$j<=10;$j++)
{
echo $j."<br>";
}
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
4.7. Phat bieu do while
Phat bieu do while cho phep duyet va kiem tra ieu kien sau phat bieu th
nhat, ieu nay co ngha la t nhat mot phat bieu c thc hien.
V du 3.13: Phat bieu Do While
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Do While Statement</h4>
<?php
$j=10;
do
{
echo $j."<br>";
$j--;
}while($j>0)
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Phat bieu exit cho phep thoat ra khoi phat bieu ieu kien khi thoa ieu
kien nao o.
V du 3.14: Phat bieu exit
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Exit Statement</h4>
<?php
$j=10;
do
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{
if($j==3) exit;
echo $j."<br>";
$j--;
}while($j>0)
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
5. TOM TAT
Trong bai hoc nay chung toi gii thieu en cho cac ban cac phep gan, cac toan
t, ong thi giup cho cac ban hieu them vao cac phat bieu co ieu kien nh
while, for, switch, .
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Mon hoc: PHP

Bai 4
Bai hoc nay chung ta se lam quen vi bien form va hai phng
thc $HTTP_POST_VARS va $HTTP_GET_VARS cua PHP:
9 Bien form.
9 Phng thc $HTTP_GET_VARS
9 Phng thc $HTTP_POST_VARS
1. BIEN FORM
Bien form trong PHP c biet en nh mot loai bien, thay v khai bao th bien o
chnh la ten cua the nhap lieu trong trang submit hay tham so tren querystring.
1.1. Bien form t form c submit vi phng thc POST

Trong trang ban submit en, neu khai bao ten cua the nam trong the form co ten la
xyz th bien form c nh ngha la $xyz.
Chang han, ban khai bao bao the form trong trang submit.php nh v du 4-1.
V du 4-1: Khai bao the form
...
<form action=ex1-1.php method=post>
<tr>
<td>Name</td><td>:<input type=text name=fullname></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Gender</td>
<td>:<input type=radio value=M name=gender> Male
<input type=radio value=F name=gender> Female</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>&nbsp</td>
<td><input type=submit value=Submit></td>
</tr>
</form>
...
Khi ngi s dung nhap gia tr vao phan Name va chon gii tnh Male hay Female
nh hnh 4-1, neu nhan nut submit th trang ex1-1.php se trieu goi, trong trang nay
ban co the lay gia tr nhap t trang ex1.php bang cach s dung bien form nh v du
4-1-1.
V du 4-2: Dung bien form
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Form variable</h4>
<table>
<tr><td>Name</td>
<td>
:<?=$fullname?>
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</td></tr>
<tr><td>Gender</td>
<td>
:<?=$gender?>
</td></tr>
</table>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Trong o, $fullname va $gender la ten cua hai the input trong trang ex1.php, trong
trng hp nay chung ta s dung phng thc POST cho form.
Hnh 4-1: Nhap lieu
Ket qua tra ve nh hnh 4-1-1.
Hnh 4-1-1: Ket qua lay t trang submit bang bien form
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1.2. Bien form t form c submit vi phng thc GET

Neu ban s dung phng thc GET trong the form, ban co the lay gia tr cua cac
tham so tren chuoi QueryString bang bien form. V du khai bao the form co hai tuy
chon nh v du 4-2 vi phng thc GET trong the form.
V du 4-2: Khai bao the form
...
<form action=ex2-1.php method=get>
<tr><td>Province</td>
<td>
:<select name=province>
<option value=HAN>Ha Noi</option>
<option value=HCM>Ho Chi Minh</option>
<option value=HUE>Hue</option>
</select>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>Industry</td>
<td>
:<select name=industry multiple>
<option value=AUT>Automobile</option>
<option value=FOO>Foods</option>
<option value=ENG>Enginering</option>
<option value=GAR>Garment</option>
</select>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>&nbsp</td>
<td><input type=submit value=Submit></td></tr>
</form>
...
Khi trieu goi trang ex2.php tren trnh duyet, ngi s dung chon gia tr trong hai
tuy chon Province va Industry nh hnh 4-2.
Hnh 4-2: Phng thc GET
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Neu nhan Submit th hai gia tr chon se c truyen len tren QueryString vi hai
tham so la ten cua the select. V du trong trng hp nay ket qua tra ve nh hnh 42-1.
Hnh 4-2-1: Bien form vi phng thc GET

Trong
o,
hai
tham
so
va
gia
tr
tng
ng
la
ex21.php?province=HAN&industry=FOO, bang cach s dung bien form ban co the lay
c gia tr nay nh v du 4-2-1.
V du 4-2-1: Khai bao the form
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<table>
<tr><td>Province</td>
<td>
:<?=$province?>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>Industry</td>
<td>
:<?=$industry?>
</td></tr>
</table>
</BODY>
</HTML>
oi vi trng hp ban khong s dung the form nh hai trng hp tren, chung ta
cung co the lay gia tr t chuoi QueryString bang bien form. Chang han, ban khai
bao trang chop phep ngi s dung chon ky t e liet ke danh sach khach hang theo
ky t o nh hnh 4-3.
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Hnh 4-3: Chon ky t

Bang cach khai bao cac the <a> ban nh ngha 24 ky t nh hnh tren vi tham so
al co gia tr tng ng:
<tr><td>
<a href="ex3.php?al=A">A</a> |
<a href="ex3.php?al=B">B</a> |
<a href="ex3.php?al=C">C</a> |
<a href="ex3.php?al=D">D</a> |
<a href="ex3.php?al=E">E</a> |
<a href="ex3.php?al=">All</a>
</td></tr>
Khi ngi s dung chon mot ky t th s dung bien form la ten cua tham so (al), ban
co the lay c gia tr cua ky t ang chon:
<tr><td>Select:<?=$al?></td></tr>
Tuy nhien, lan au tien trieu goi trang nay ma khong co tham so tren QueryString,
khai bao bien form se phun ra loi nh hnh 4-3-1.
e tranh trng hp nay, ban s dung ham isset e kiem tra bien ton tai hay
khong, neu ton tai th ban s dung bien form nay. V du oi vi trng hp nay
chung ta khai bao nh v du 4-3.
V du 4-3: S dung bien form
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<table>
<tr><td>List by Alphabet</td></tr>
<tr><td>
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</td></tr>
<?php
if(isset($al))
{
?>
<tr><td>Select:<?=$al?></td></tr>
<?php
}
?>
</table>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Hnh 4-3-1: Loi phat sinh

Chu y rang, khi s dung bien form ban khong nen khai bao bien cung ten vi cac
tham so hay ten cua the nhap lieu trong trang trieu goi trc o. Neu khong th gia
tr tra ve la gia tr cua bien thng thay v bien form.
2. PHNG THC $HTTP_GET_VARS

Ngoai cach s dung bien form trong trng hp lay gia tr t tham so cua QueryString,
ban co the s dung ham $HTTP_GET_VARS. V du, chung ta khai bao trang PHP nh
v du 4-4.
V du 4-4: S dung $HTTP_GET_VARS
<HTML>
WWW.HUUKHANG.COM
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<table>
<form action=ex4.php method=get>
<tr><td>Province:<select name=province>
<option value=HAN>Ha Noi</option>
<option value=HCM>Ho Chi Minh</option>
<option value=HUE>Hue</option>
</select>
<input type=submit value=Submit></td></tr>
</form>
<tr><td>
<?php
if(isset($HTTP_GET_VARS["province"]))
{
$result=$HTTP_GET_VARS["province"];
echo "Result: ".$result;
}
?>
</td></tr>
</table>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Lu y rang, neu ban khong s dung ham isset e kiem tra province ton tai hay khong
th trang php se phun loi trong trng hp lan au tien goi en trang ex4.php ma
khong submit. Tuy nhien, neu ban submit trang nay th ket qua tra ve nh hnh 4-4.
Hnh 4-4: Dung $HTTP_GET_VARS

Tng t nh vay trong trng hp ban khong s dung the form ma gia tr lay t chuoi
QueryString bang cach s dung $HTTP_GET_VARS nh v du 4-5.
V du 4-5: S dung $HTTP_GET_VARS
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
WWW.HUUKHANG.COM
<BODY>
<table>
<tr><td>List by Alphabet</td></tr>
<tr><td>
</td></tr>
<?php
if(isset($HTTP_GET_VARS["al"]))
{
?>
<tr><td>Select:<?=$HTTP_GET_VARS["al"]?></td></tr>
<?php
}
?>
</table>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Ket qua tra ve nh hnh 4-5.
Hnh 4-5: S dung $HTTP_GET_VARS
3. PHNG THC $HTTP_POST_VARS

Tng t nh $HTTP_GET_VARS nhng $HTTP_POST_VARS cho phep ban lay gia tr
lay t cac the nhap lieu cua the form trong traang submit trc o. V du, ban khai bao
trang nhap lieu nh v du 4-6.
V du 4-5: Khai bao form vi phng thc POST
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
WWW.HUUKHANG.COM
<BODY>
<form action=ex7.php method=post>
<table>
<tr><td>User Name</td>
<td>
:<input type=text name=username>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>Password</td>
<td>
:<input type=password name=password>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>&nbsp</td>
<td><input type=submit value=Login></td></tr>
</table>
</form>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Khi ngi s dung nhap username va password nh hnh 4-6 va nhan nut Login.
Hnh 4-6: ang nhap

Bang cach s dung $HTTP_POST_VARS e lay gia tr username va password nh v du
4-7.
V du 4-5: S dung $HTTP_POST_VARS
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<?php
if(isset($HTTP_POST_VARS["username"]))
{
?>
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<table>
<tr><td>Username</td>
<td>:<?=$HTTP_POST_VARS["username"]?></td></tr>
<tr><td>Password</td><td>
:<?=$HTTP_POST_VARS["password"]?></td></tr>
</table>
<?php
}
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Ket qua trnh bay nh hnh 4-7.
Hnh 4-7: Dung $HTTP_POST_VARS
4. KET LUAN
Trong bai nay, chung ta tm hieu cach s dung bien form va hai phng thc
$HTTP_POST_VARS, $HTTP_GET_VARS. Ngoai ra, ban cung tm hieu cach kiem tra
bien ton tai hay khong bang ham isset().
Chu y rang, khi s dung bien form ban tranh trng hp khai bao bien cuc bo hay toan
cuc trong tang PHP cung ten vi the nhap lieu cua form trc o submit en hay tham
so tren querystring.
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Mon hoc: PHP

Bai 5
Bai hoc nay chung ta se lam quen vi oi tng Session va mot

so oi tng khac:
9 oi tng Session.
9 oi tng khac
1. OI TNG SESSION
Trong PHP4.0 oi tng Session c xem nh mot oi tng cho phep ban truyen gia
tr t trang PHP nay sang PHP khac. e s dung Session, ban khai bao th muc c
lu tr d lieu do oi tng nay ghi ra.
Session c sinh ra va c bien mat khi ngi s dung huy chung, thi gian song cua
chung a het hoac ngi s dung ong trnh duyet.
Chang han, trong trng hp nay chung ta s dung th muc C:\PHP\sessiondata c
khai bao trong tap tin php.ini.
session.save_path = C:\PHP\sessiondata
Ngoai ra, khi muon s dung Sessoin th ban phai khi tao chung. e khi tao Session
ban co the khi tao trong trang PHP moi khi truy cap hay gan gia tr cho Session.
session_start();
Tuy nhien, ban co the cau hnh trong trang php.ini (1 la start).
session.auto_start = 0
1.1. Nhan dang Session

Moi phien lam viec c tao ra t Web Server th se co mot nhan dang duy nhat co
gia tr la chuoi do trnh chu Web tao ra. ieu nay co ngha la moi khi ngi s dung
trieu goi trang Web cua Web Site lan au tien th phien lam viec se c tao ra, khi
o mot nhan dang c cap cho phien lam viec o.
e lan gia tr nhan dang cua Session do trnh chu Web cap phat ban s dung cu
phap:
$x= session_id();
Chang han, ban khai bao bao e lay gia tr session_id trong trang sessionid.php nh
v du 5-1.
V du 5-1: Nhan dang session
<?php
session_start();
?>
<HTML>
WWW.HUUKHANG.COM
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Session_ID</h4>
<?php
$sessionid=session_id();
echo $sessionid;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Moi ngi s dung truy cap en Web Site se co mot nhan dang khac nh nh hnh 51.
Hnh 5-1: Nhan dang duy nhat
1.2. Khai bao Session

Khi muon khai bao bien session, ban phai s dung ham session_register co cu phap
nh sau:
session_register("sessioname");
Khi muon khi tao session, ban co the gan gia tr cho session nay nh gan gia tr
cho bien trong PHP, sau o s dung ham tren e ang ky.
$sessioname=value;
session_register("sessioname");
Trong trng hp co nhieu session, ban co the s dung ham session_register e ang
ky cung mot luc nhieu session nh sau:
$sessioname1=value1;
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session_register("sessioname1","sessioname2","sessioname3");
Chang han, trong trng hp nay chung ta khai bao trang sessionregister.php va
ang ky 3 sessoin co ten userid, email va fullname nh v du 5-2 sau:
V du 5-2: ang ky session
<?php
session_start();
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Registered Session</h4>
<?php
$userid="123";
$email="test@yahoo.com";
$fullname="Nguyen Van Ba";
session_register("userid");
session_register("email","fullname");
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Hnh 5-2: ang ky Session
1.3. Lay gia tr t session

Sau khi khai bao khi ao mot so session vi gia tr tng ng cua session o, ban co
the truy cap cac bien session nay e lay gia tr torng trang PHP khac. Chang han,
chung ta khai bao trang getsession.php e lay cac session cua PHP va khai bao
trong v du tren nh v du 5-3.
V du 5-3: Lay gia tr t session
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<?php
session_start();
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Get Session</h4>
<?php
echo "UserID: ". $userid."<br>";
echo "Email: ".$email."<br>";
echo "FullName: ".$fullname;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Khi trieu goi trang getsession.php tren trnh duyet ban trnh bay gia tr cua session
userid, email va fullname nh hnh 5-3.
Hnh 5-3: Lay gia tr cua session

Tuy nhien, trong trng hp ban truy cap mot bien session cha khi tao trc o
th l64i se phat sinh. V du trong trng hp nay chung ta truy cap bien session co
ten $address nh v du 5-4.
V du 5-4: Truy cap session cha ton tai
<?php
session_start();
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
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<?php
echo "Address: ".$address;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Khi trieu goi trang unregistersession.php tren trnh duyet th loi phat sinh nh hnh
5-4.
Hnh 5-4: Loi phat sinh

e kiem tra session o co ton tai hay cha ban s dung ham session_is_register
trong trang checksession.php. oi vi trng hp nay chung ta can kiem tra 4
session trc khi truy cap en chung nh v du 5-5.
V du 5-5: Kiem tra session
<?php
session_start();
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
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<?php
if(session_is_registered("userid"))
if(session_is_registered("email"))
if(session_is_registered("fullname"))
if(session_is_registered("address"))
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Khi trieu goi trang checksession.php th ket qua se trnh bay nh hnh 5-5.
Hnh 5-5: Khong co loi phat sinh

Chu y rang, khi s dung en session, ban phai khi ong chung bang session_start()
neu khong th phai khai bao trong php.ini.
1.4. Huy session

Khi khong co nhu cau s dung session na th ban s dung ham session_unregister
e loai session o. Chang han, trong trng hp nay chung ta muon loai bo session
co ten la fullname ban khai bao trong trang sessionunregister.php nh v du 5-6.
V du 5-6: Loai bo mot Session
<?php
session_start();
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
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<h4>UnRegister Session</h4>
<?php
session_unregister("fullname");
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Khi trieu goi trang sessionunregister.php tren trnh duyet thket qua tra ve nh hnh 56.
Hnh 5-6: Loai bo session

Trong trng hp loai bo tat cac session ang ton tai th s dung ham session_unset().
V du dung ham nay e laoi bo session va dung ham sessin_destroy e huy tat ca
session o khai bao trong trang unset.php nh v du 5-7.
V du 5-7: Xoa tat ca session
<?php
session_start();
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>UnSet Session</h4>
<?php
session_unset();
session_destroy();
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?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Hnh 5-7: Huy session
2. COOKIE
Cookie c xem nh session, tuy nhien chung lu tr thong tin tren trnh khach. e
s dung Cookie, ban s dung ham setcookie e gan gia tr nh v du 5-8.
V du 5-8: Gan gia tr cho cookie
<?php
setcookie("huukhang","Computer Learning Center");
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Cookie</h4>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Khi ngi s dung trieu goi trang setcookie.php ket qua tra ve nh hnh 5-8.
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Hnh 5-8: ang ky cookie

Ngai ra, ban co the gan gia tr cookie bang session. Chang han, chung ta s dung ham
session_set_cookie_params e gan cookie nh v du 5-9.
V du 5-9: Gan cookie bang session
<?php
session_start();
$myvalue="Online Recruitment";
session_set_cookie_params($myvalue);
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Session-Cookie</h4>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Bang cach s dung $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS e lay gia tr cua cookie trc o trong
trang httpcookievar.php nh v du 5-10.
V du 5-10: S dung $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS
<?php
echo $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS["huukhang"];
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Get Cookie</h4>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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Hnh 5-10: Dung $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS

Bang cach s dung ham session_get_cookie_params e lay gia tr cua cookie trc o
trong trang sessiongetcookie.php nh v du 5-11.
V du 5-11: S dung session_get_cookie_params
<?php
session_start();
$myvalue= session_get_cookie_params();
echo $myvalue[1];
?>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Get Cookie</h4>
</BODY>
</HTML>
3. KET LUAN
Trong bai nay, chung ta tm hieu cach s dung bien session va cookie.
WWW.HUUKHANG.COM
Mon hoc: PHP

Bai 6
Bai hoc nay chung ta se lam quen cach khai bao ham, chen tap
tin va tap tin dung chung:
9 Cach khai bao ham.
9 Xay dng tap tin nh dang noi dung
9 Tap tin dung chung
1. KHAI BAO HAM TRONG PHP

Ham do ngi s dung nh ngha cho phep ban x ly nhng tac vu thng lap i lap
lai trong ng dung.
e khai bao ham, ban s dung t khoa function vi cu phap tng t nh sau:
function functioname($parameter)
{
return value;
}
Trong trng hp ham khong co gia tr tra ve th ham c xem nh thu tuc. Ngoai ra,
ban co the khai bao tham so tuy chon bang cach gan gia tr mac nh cho tham so. V
du chung ta khai bao:
function functioname($parameter1, $parameter2=10 )
{
return value;
}
oi vi trng hp nay th tham so $parameter1 la tham so bat buoc va tham so

$parameter2 la tham so tuy chon, khi goi ham neu khong cung cap tham so cho
$parameter2 th tham so nay co gia tr la 10.
V du, ban khai bao trang function.php co ham getResult nhan hai so va phep toan sau
o tuy thuoc vao phep toan ham tra ve ket qua. Neu ngi s dung khong cung vap
phep toan th mac nh la phep toan +.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Function</h4>
<?php
function getResult($number1, $number2,$operator="+")
{
$result=0;
switch($operator)
{
case "+":
$result=$number1+$number2;
break;
case "-":
WWW.HUUKHANG.COM
$result=$number1-$number2;
break;
case "*":
$result=$number1*$number2;
break;
case "/":
if($number2!=0)
$result=$number1/$number2;
else
$result=0;
break;
case "%":
if($number2!=0)
$result=$number1%$number2;
else
$result=0;
break;
}
return $result;
}
echo "result of default operator: ".getResult(10,20);
echo "<br>";
echo "result of * operator: ".getResult(10,20,"*");
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Neu muon nh ngha function khong co gia tr tra ve, ban co the khai bao trong trang
void.php nh v du sau:
...
function calloperator()
{
echo "result of default operator: ".getResult(10,20);
echo "<br>";
echo "result of * operator: ".getResult(10,20,"*");
}
calloperator();
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Trong trng hp truyen tham so nh tham bien, ban s dung ky hieu & trc tham so,
chang han chung ta khai bao ham co tham bien co ten average nh trong trang
reference.php nh sau:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h4>Function</h4>
<?php
function getAmount($quantity, $price,&$average)
{
$result=0;
$result=$quantity*$price;
$average=$result*6/12;
return $result;
}
$bq=0;
echo "result is : ".getAmount(10,20,$bq);
echo "<br>";
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echo "result of Average is : ".$bq;

echo "<br>";
function getAmounts($quantity, $price,$average)
{
$result=0;
$result=$quantity*$price;
$average=$result*6/12;
return $result;
}
$bq=0;
echo "result is : ".getAmounts(10,20,$bq);
echo "<br>";
echo "result of Average is : ".$bq;
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Trong trng hp tren th ham getAmount co tham so $average la tham bien con ham
getAmounts co tham so $average la tham tr, va ket qua tra ve cua bien $bq khi goi
ham getAmount la 100 trong khi o gia tr cua bien nay trong ham getAmounts la 0.
2. XAY DNG TAP TIN NH DANG NOI DUNG

Khi trnh bay noi dung tren trang HTML hay trang PHP, e thong nhat nh dang
chuoi trong the body hay the div chang han ban can khai bao the style trong the
<head>.
<style>
A{
COLOR: #003063;
TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A:hover {
COLOR: #003063;
TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A:link {
FONT-WEIGHT: bold;
COLOR: red;
}
A:visited {
FONT-WEIGHT: bold;
COLOR: black;
}
.title {
FONT-WEIGHT: normal;
FONT-SIZE: 22px
}
.text{
FONT: 11px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif
}
</style>
Trong o, A tng ng vi lien ket (chuoi trong the <a>) co nh dang ng vi trng
hp lien ket, di chuyen con chuot, chon lien ket.
A{
COLOR: #003063;
}
A:hover {
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COLOR: #003063;
}
A:link {
FONT-WEIGHT: bold;
COLOR: red;
}
A:visited {
FONT-WEIGHT: bold;
COLOR: black;
}
Chang han, chung ta khai bao trang PHP vi noi dung c ap dung vi kieu nh dang
khai bao trong the style nh vu du 6-1.
V du 6-1: Khai bao the style
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Style trong PHP</title>
<style>
A{
COLOR: #003063;
}
A:hover {
COLOR: #003063;
}
A:link {
FONT-WEIGHT: bold;
COLOR: red;
}
A:visited {
FONT-WEIGHT: bold;
COLOR: black;
}
.title {
FONT-WEIGHT: normal;
FONT-SIZE: 22px;
COLOR: #003063;
}
.text{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h4>Style Tag</h4>
<TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0
width="100%" border=0>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top class=title>
*** Quan Tr SQL Server 2000 ***
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD class=text>
<div align=justify>
Tm hieu cach cai at, cau hnh, quan tr,
backup & restore, import & export, thiet
WWW.HUUKHANG.COM
ke, lap trnh, t ong hoa tac vu quan tr,

ban sao d lieu, bao mat va chong tham nhap
d lieu bang.
<b>SQL Injection</b>.</div>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD><hr size=1 color=red></TD</TR>
<TR><TD>Welcome to
<a href="www.huukhang.com" class=>
www.huukhang.com</a></TD
</TR>
</TABLE>
</body>
</html>
Khi trieu goi trang style.PHP tren trnh duyet, noi dung cua trang web c nh dang
theo the style nh hnh 6-1.
Hnh 6-1: Ap dung the style

Tng t nh vay khi ban muon thong nhat noi dung trong nhng the khac cua mot
trang web th khai bao mot nh dang trong the style. Tuy nhien, khi at ten trung vi
the HTML, moi the o trong trang se cung chung mot nh dang. Chang han, ban khai
bao nh dang cho the td nh sau:
TD {
}
Moi noi dung trnh bay trong the td se co nh dang nh tren. Neu ban muon co nh
dang khac th khai bao thuoc tnh class cho the td o, v du s dung nh dang khac
cho the td:
<td class=text>ABC</td>
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Thay v chuoi ABC se co nh dang la FONT: 10px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif th chung
se co nh dang cua FONT: 11px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif.
Chu y rang, trong moi trang web ban phai khai bao the style va nh ngha thong nhat
cho cac the. Khi co s thay oi ban phai thay oi trong moi trang web. e s dung
chung cho moi trang web trong ng dung, ban can xay dng mot tap tin style, tap tin
c biet en vi ten goi custom style sheet (css).
Bat ky trang web nao trong ng dung, muon ap dung kieu nh dang trong tap tin css
th khai bao lien ket tap tin css bang the link.
V du, chung ta khai bao tap tin style.css bao gom cac nh dang nh v du 6-2.
V du 6-2: Khai bao tap tin css
A{
COLOR: #003063;
}
A:hover {
COLOR: #003063;
}
A:link {
FONT-WEIGHT: bold;
COLOR: red;
}
A:visited {
FONT-WEIGHT: bold;
COLOR: black;
}
.title {
FONT-WEIGHT: bold;
FONT-SIZE: 14px;
COLOR: #003063;
}
.text{
}
Sau o trong trang PHP, ban khai bao lien ket tap tin nay bang the link, neu muon ap
dung nh dang nay trong moi the HTML ban s dung thuoc tnh class nh khai bao
nh dang cua the style ngay trong trang o nh v du 6-3.
V du 6-3: Khai bao s dung tap tin css
<html>
<head>
<title>
Welcome to Link Style Sheet File
</title>
<LINK href="style.css" rel=stylesheet>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type
content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<h4>Style File</h4>
width="100%" border=0>
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<TR>
<TD vAlign=top class=title>
*** Quan Tr SQL Server 2000 ***
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD class=text>
<div align=justify>
Tm hieu cach cai at, cau hnh, quan tr,
backup & restore, import & export, thiet
ke, lap trnh, t ong hoa tac vu quan tr,
ban sao d lieu, bao mat va chong tham nhap
d lieu bang.
<b>SQL Injection</b>.</div>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD><hr size=1 color=red></TD</TR>
<TR><TD>Welcome to
<a href="www.huukhang.com" class=>
www.huukhang.com</a></TD
</TR>
</TABLE>
</body>
</html>
Trieu goi trang includestyle.php tren trnh duyet nh hnh 6-3, mau va kch thc font
cung vi kieu cha cua noi dung khong thay oi so vi style.php, bi v phan the style
c tach ra thanh tap tin style.css, sau o dung the link e lien ket tap tin css nay vao
trang PHP tr lai.
Hnh 6-3: Lien ket tap tin css
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Chu y rang, neu khai bao thuoc tnh class trong the <table> th nhng noi dung trong
the <table> se co nh dang theo nh dang khai bao trong thuoc tnh class. Tng t,
neu khai bao thuoc tnh class trong the <tr> th noi dung trong the <tr> se co nh
dang giong nh nh dang khai bao trong thong tin class.
3. THONG NHAT KCH THC CUA MOI TRANG PHP

Khi xay dng ng dung web chuyen nghiep, ieu au tien ban nen quan tam la s
thong nhat ve kch thc cua cac phan tren trang web. ieu nay co ngha la khi ngi
s dung thay oi trang web khi duyet, phan top, left, right, bottom co kch thc nh
nhau.
e lam ieu nay, ban chia trang web ra thanh 5 phan: top, left, right, body va bottom.
Phan top thng trnh bay cac thuoc tnh nh quan cao (baner), logo (bieu tng cua
cong ty), menu (thc n cua ng dung) va mot so thong tin khac.
Phan left la thong tin ve cac menu phu hay con goi la menu cua menu chnh, ben canh
menu con nay trang web thng co cac lien ket ve lien he, quang cao, mailing list
(ang ky email), gi en ban be (send to friend), ....
oi vi phan right, thng la phan gii thieu ve cac thong ac biet va quang cao,
chang han oi vi ng dung ban sach, phan right thng la danh sach cac nhom sach
ban chay, sap phat hanh, ...
Phan bottom thng thong tin lien lac cua cong ty, chu nhan cua web site va ban
quyen. Ngoai ra, phan bottom oi khi la danh sach cac menu con khac.
Tom lai, tuy thuoc vao y tng thiet ke moi phan nh tren bao gom cac thuoc tnh ma
nha thiet ke can trnh bay sao cho phu hp. Tuy nhien, phan body la phan trnh bay
noi dung chnh cua moi trang web. Ngoai ra, tuy vao tng trng hp cu the, trang web
co the khong co phan left va right.
Nh vay, chung ta se chia trang web ra thanh 5 phan, phan body chnh la phan chnh
cua trang web o, con 4 phan con lai c chen vao khi co nhu cau.
Chang han, co nhng trang web do thong tin trnh bay trong phan body nhieu, nen can
khong gia ln hn, ban co the khong can s dung hai phan left va right.
e lam ieu nay, trc tien chung ta thiet ke trang sample.php co 5 phan nh hnh 6-3.
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Hnh 6-3: Trang sample.php

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lu y:
Tao mot table gom 3 hang 3 cot va khai bao border=1 e e canh le sau o ban co the
khai bao lai thuoc tnh nay bang 0.
Phan top va bottom la mot hang va merge 3 cot thanh 1.
Ben trong moi phan co the co mot hay nhieu the table khac.
Co the khong co phan left va right nhng bat buoc phan top va bottom phai co.
Ban co the s dung chieu rong cua table theo kch thc tng oi (%) hay so ch nh,
oi vi man hnh 600*800 th chieu rong thng s dung la 780, khi ngi s dung chon
o phan giai cua man hnh ln hn th kch thc cua table nay khong thay oi, trong
khi o noi dung se phu ay man hnh khi ban khai bao kch thc theo 100%.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------e co giao dien nh trang sample.php nh tren, ban co the khai bao nh v du 6-3.
V du 6-3: Noi dung trang sample.PHP
<html>
<head>
<title>
Welcome to Including File
</title>
</head>
<body bottomMargin=0 leftMargin=0
topMargin=0 rightMargin=0>
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width="778" border=1 align=center>
<TR HEIGHT="100">
<TD Align=center colspan=3>
TOP
</TD>
</TR>
<TR HEIGHT="280">
<TD vAlign=top width="20%">
LEFT
</TD>
BODY
</TD>
RIGHT
</TD>
</TR>
<TR HEIGHT="50">
<TD colspan=3 align=center>
BOTTOM
</TD
</TR>
</TABLE>
</body>
</html>
Trong trng hp ban muon co ng phan cach gia moi phan bang image, ban co the
khai bao lai trang sample.php co 5 hang va 5 cot nh template.php nh hnh 6-4.
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Hnh 2-4: Phan cach co vieng

e trnh bay trang tempale.PHP nh hnh 6-4, ban khai bao noi dung trang nay nh v
du 6-4.
V du 6-4: Khai bao template.php
<html>
<head>
<title>
Welcome to Including File
</title>
</head>
<TABLE width="778" border=0 cellSpacing=0
cellPadding=0 align=center>
<TR HEIGHT="100">
TOP
</TD>
</TR>

<TR HEIGHT="1">
<TD colspan=5 bgcolor=gray></TD>
</TR>
<TR HEIGHT="280">
<TD vAlign=top width="150">LEFT</TD>
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<TD bgcolor=gray width="1"></TD>

<TD vAlign=top width="476">BODY</TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="150">RIGHT</TD>
</TR>
<TR HEIGHT="1">
</TR>
<TR HEIGHT="50">
BOTTOM
</TD
</TR>
</TABLE>
</body>
</html>
Sau o tach trang template.php nay thanh 5 trang khac nhau c at ten tng ng la
top.htm, left.htm, right.htm va bottom.htm, trong o phan body tng ng vi trang
templates.php.
e khai bao chen tap tin trong trang PHP, ban s dung cu phap nh sau:
<?php
include(filename);
?>
Hay
<?php
require(filename);
?>
Trong o trang templates.PHP khai bao chen top.htm, left.htm, right.htm va bottom.htm
nh v du 6-5.
V du 6-5: Khai bao chen tap tin trong templates.php
<html>
<head>
<title>
Welcome to HUUKHANG.COM
</title>
</head>
<TABLE width="778" border=0 cellSpacing=0
cellPadding=0 align=center>
<TR HEIGHT="100">
<?php include("top.htm")?>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR HEIGHT="1">
</TR>
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<TR HEIGHT="280">
<TD vAlign=top width="150">
<?php include(left.htm")?>
</TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="476">BODY</TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="150">
<?php include ("right.htm")?>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR HEIGHT="1">
</TR>
<TR HEIGHT="50">
<?php include("bottom.htm")?>
</TD
</TR>
</TABLE>
</body>
</html>
Khi trieu goi trang templates.php, noi dung cua 4 tang left.htm, right.htm, top.htm,
bottom.htm chen vao trang templates.php nh hnh 6-5.
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Hnh 6-5: Trang templates.php sau khi chen

Trong o, noi dung cua trang top.htm nh ngha tng t nh v du 6-5-1.
V du 6-5-1: Noi dung trang top.htm
<TABLE width="100%" border=0 cellSpacing=0
cellPadding=0 HEIGHT="100%" align=center>
<TR >
<TD width="150" Align=center>
LOGO
</TD>
<TD Align=center>
BANNER
</TD>
</TR>
<TR HEIGHT="1">
</TR>
<TR HEIGHT="20%" bgcolor=black class=menu>
<TD width="150" >
Welcome
</TD>
<TD>
Home | Search | Contact | Help
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
Noi dung cua tap tin left.htm c nh ngha tng t nh v du 6-5-2.

V du 6-5-2: Noi dung trang left.htm
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<TR >
LEFT
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
Neu co s dung trang right.htm th noi dung cua tap tin nay c nh ngha tng t
nh v du 6-5-3.
V du 6-5-3: Noi dung trang right.htm
<TR >
FREE ADV
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
Tng t nh vay, trang bottom.htm co noi dung nh v du 6-5-4.

V du 6-5-4: Noi dung trang bottom.htm
<TR class=text>
<TD Align=center>
HUUKHANG.COM<br>
Copyright 2000-2005.
All Rights Reserved.
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
Chu y rang, trong moi trang khai bao chen khong co cac the ong va m html, body bi
khi chen th noi dung cua tap tin c chen se c chen vao tap tin b chen va trong
tap tin b chen a co hai the nay.
Kch ban trnh chu PHP ho tr cac tap tin c chen vi cac ten m rong nh htm,
PHP, inc, lib, html. Do thc chat cua viec khai bao chen la chen oan ma trong tap tin
chen vao tap tin bo chen, trong trng hp nay trang chen htm hay PHP eu giong
nhau o la ly do tai sao cac trang chen tren eu co ten m rong la htm.
Tuy nhien, khi ban goi trang chen nay mot mnh v du tom.htm, neu ben trong co ma
PHP th ma o khong c thong dch. Neu nhng trang chen nay co nhu cau goi mot
mnh th ban co the chuyen chung thanh trang PHP thay v htm nh a trnh bay.
Sau khi co c trang templates.php, ban co the s dung trang nay la mau cho cac
trang khac bang cach save as thanh cac trang PHP khac khi lap trnh. Khi khai bao
chen tap tin, ban co the s dung ng dan tng oi hoac tuyet oi cua tap tin chen
so vi ap tin b chen.
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4. TAP TIN DUNG CHUNG

Ngoai cach chen tren, neu ban co nhng ham s dung chung cho cac trang PHP khac
th ban khai bao thanh mot trang PHP khac sau o dung cu phap chen tap tin e chen
chung vao khi co nhu cau.
V du trong trng hp nay chung ta muon s dung chung ham co ten getPaging nhan 5
tham so $totalRows (tong so mau tin), $curPg (so trang hien hanh), $pg (so trang trnh
bay), $re (so mau tin tren 1 trang), $file (trang php can goi) trong tap tin paging.php.
<?php
function paging($totalRows,$curPg,$pg,$re,$file)
{
$paging="";
$mxR = $re;
$mxP = $pg;
if($totalRows%$mxR==0)
$totalPages = (int)($totalRows/$mxR);
else
$totalPages = (int)($totalRows/$mxR+1);
$curRow = ($curPg-1)*$mxR+1;
if($totalRows>$mxR)
{
$start=1;
$end=1;
$paging1 ="";
for($i=1;$i<=$totalPages;$i++)
{
if(($i>((int)(($curPg-1)/$mxP))* $mxP) && ($i<=((int)(($curPg1)/$mxP+1))* $mxP))
{
if($start==1) $start=$i;
if($i==$curPg)
$paging1 .= $i."  ";
else
{
$paging1 .= "<a class=lslink href='$file";
$paging1 .="&page=".$i."'>".$i;
$paging1 .="</a>  ";
}
$end=$i;
}
}
$paging.= "Trang :  " ;
if($curPg>$mxP)
{
$paging .="<a class=lslink href='$file";
$paging .="&page=".($start-1);
$paging .="'>Previous</a>  ";
}
$paging.=$paging1;
if(((($curPg-1)/$mxP+1)*$mxP) < $totalPages)
{
$paging .= "<a class=lslink href='$file";
$paging .="&page=".($end+1);
$paging .="'>Next</a>  ";
}
}
return $paging;
}
?>
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Sau o khai bao trang result.php, chen tap tin paging.php va goi ham getPaging nhu
sau:
<html>
<head>
<title>
Welcome to HUUKHANG.COM
</title>
</head>
<body bottomMargin=0 leftMargin=0 topMargin=0 rightMargin=0>
<?php
include("paging.php");
echo paging(47,2,10,5,"result.php?x=10");
?>
</body>
</html>
Ket qua tra ve nh hnh 6-6 sau
Hnh 6-6: Ham dung chung
5. KET LUAN
Trong bai nay, chung ta tm hieu cach khai bao ham, trang php va khai bao chen tap
tin.
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Mon hoc: PHP

Bai 7
Bai hoc nay chung ta se lam quen cach x ly chuoi, mang, kieu DataTime
trong PHP:
9 X ly chuoi
9 Lam viec vi mang d lieu
9 Kieu DateTime
1. X LY CHUOI
PHP la kch ban c xem la tot nhat cho x ly chuoi, bang cach s dung cac ham x ly chuoi, ban
co the thc hien cac y nh cua mnh khi tng tac c s d lieu, tap tin hay d lieu khac.
1.1. nh dang chuoi

Khi xuat ket qua ra trnh duyet, ban co the s dung cac nh dang chuoi tng t nh ngon ng
lap trnh C. Chang han, chung ta in gia tr cua bien $i trong trang dinhdang.php nh v du 7-1.
<html>
<head>
<title>String Functions</title>
</head>
<body>
<h4>Dinh dang</h4>
<?php
$i=12.55;
$j=100;
echo "Total amount of order: $i<br>";
printf("Total amount of order: %.1f", $i);
echo "<br>";
printf("Total amount of order: %.2f", $i);
echo "<br>";
printf("Total amount of order: i=%.2f, j=%.0f", $i,$j);
?>
</body>
</html>
Ket qua xuat hien nh hnh 7-1
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Hnh 7-1: nh dang chuoi in

Trong o cac nh dang c chia ra nhieu loai tuy thuoc vao cac ky t ban s dung.
%
b
c
d
e
u
f
o
s
x
X
Kong yeu cau tham so.

Trnh bay dang so integer va hien thc di dang binary.
Trnh bay dang so integer va hien thc di dang ma ASCII.
Trnh bay dang so integer va hien thc di dang decimal.
Trnh bay dang so logic va hien thc di dang 1.2e+2.
Trnh bay dang so integer va hien thc di dang decimal khong dau.
Trnh bay dang so float va hien thc di dang so cham ong.
Trnh bay dang so integer va hien thc di dang he so 10.
Trnh bay dang chuoi.
Trnh bay dang so integer va hien thc di dang he so 16 vi ky t thng.
Trnh bay dang so integer va hien thc di dang he so 16 vi ky t hoa.
1.2. Ham chuyen oi chuoi

e chuyen oi chuoi ra ky t hoa thng ban s dung mot trong 4 ham nh v du 7-2 trong trang
chuyendoi.php:
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h4>Chuyen doi</h4>
<?php
$str="Welcome to huukhang.com";
echo $str;
echo "<br>";
echo strtoupper($str);
echo "<br>";
echo strtolower($str);
echo "<br>";
echo ucfirst($str);
echo "<br>";
echo ucwords($str);
echo "<br>";
?>
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</body>
</html>
Hnh 7-2: Chuyen oi chuoi
1.3. Ham tach hay ket hp chuoi

e tach hay ket hp chuoi, ban s dung mot trong cac ham thng s dung nh strtok, explode
hay substr. Chang han, chung ta s dung 4 ham nay trong v du 7-4 trong trang tachchuoi.php.
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h4>Tach hop chuoi</h4>
<?php
$string = "Xin chao ban da den voi huukhang.com";
$str = $string;
echo $string."<br>";
$tok = strtok($string, " ");
while ($tok)
{
echo "Word= $tok<br />";
$tok = strtok(" \n\t");
}
echo $str."<br>";
echo substr($str,24)."<br>";
$a[]=array();
$a=explode(" ",$str);
while($i=each($a))
{
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echo $i["value"]."<br>";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
Hnh 7-4: Ham tach chuoi

Trong trng hp ket hp gia tr cua cac phan t cua mang thanh chuoi, ban s dung ham implode
nh v du 7-5 trong trang kethop.php:
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h4>Ket hop chuoi</h4>
<?php
$str = "Xin chao ban da den voi huukhang.com";
$a[]=array();
$a=explode(" ",$str);
while($i=each($a))
{
echo $i["value"]."<br>";
}
$str=implode(" ",$a);
echo $str;
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?>
</body>
</html>
Hnh 7-5: Ham ket hp chuoi
1.4. Tm kiem va thay the chuoi

e thay the chuoi, ban s dung ham str_replace, chang han trong trng hp hp ban lay gia tr
t the nhap lieu, sau o tm kiem neu phat hien dau th thay the thanh hai dau nhay nh trang
replace.php.
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h4>That the chuoi</h4>
<?php
$str="";
if (isset($txtfullname))
$str = $txtfullname;
if($str != "");
$str=str_replace("o","a",$str);
echo $str."<br>";
?>
<form action=replace.php method=post>
fullname: <input name=txtfullname value="<?=$str?>"><br>
<input type=submit value=Submit>
</form>
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</body>
</html>
Khi trieu goi trang replace.php tren trnh duyet, ban se co ket qua nh sau:
Hnh 7-6: Ham thay the chuoi

Ngoai ra, ban co the s dung cac ham nh strpos (tra ve v tr chuoi con trong chuoi me), ...
2. LAM VIEC VI MANG D LIEU

Nh trong bai kieu d lieu chung ta a lam quen vi kieu d lieu mang, trong phan nay chung ta
tiep tuc tm hieu cac khai bao, truy cap va tng tac vi tap tin t mang mot chieu, hai chieu.
2.1. Mang mot chieu

e khai bao mang mot chieu, ban co the s dung cu phap nh sau:
$arr=array();
$arrs=array(5);
Truy cap vao phan t mang, ban co the s dung ch muc cua phan t nh sau:
$arr[0]=1;
$arrs[1]=12;
Lay gia tr cua phan t mang, ban cung thc hien tng t nh trng hp truy cap mang phan
t.
echo $arr[0];
$x=$arrs[5];
Chang han, chung ta khai bao mang ong va mang co so phan t cho trc, sau o truy cap va
lay gia tr cua chung nh v du trong trang arrayone.php sau:
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<html>
<head>
<title>Array</title>
</head>
<body>
<h4>Mang mot chieu</h4>
<?php
$i=0;
$myarr=array(1,2,3,4,5,6,7);
$arr=array();
$arrs=array(10);
$arr[0]=10;$arr[1]=11;$arr[2]=12;$arr[3]=13;
for($i=0;$i<sizeof($arr);$i++)
{
echo $arr[$i]." ";
}
echo "<br>";
echo "Gia tri lon nhat ".max($arr)."<br>";
echo "Gia tri nho nhat ".min($arr)."<br>" ;
echo "Gia tri trung binh ".array_sum($arr) / sizeof($arr)."<br>" ;
echo "<br>";
for($i=0;$i<=10;$i++)
{
$arrs[$i]=10+$i;
}
for($i=0;$i<=10;$i++)
{
echo $arrs[$i]." ";
}
echo "<br>";
echo "Gia tri lon nhat ".max($arrs)."<br>";
echo "Gia tri nho nhat ".min($arrs)."<br>" ;
echo "Gia tri trung binh ".array_sum($arrs) / sizeof($arrs)."<br>" ;
?>
</body>
</html>
Ket qua trnh bay nh hnh 7-7 khi trieu goi trang arrayone.php.
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Hnh 7-7: Khai bao va s dung mang mot chieu
2.2. Mang hai chieu

Tng t nh mang mot chieu, trong trng hp lam viec mang hai chieu ban khai bao tng t
nh trang arraytwo.php.
<html>
<head>
<title>Array</title>
</head>
<body>
<h4>Mang hai chieu</h4>
<?php
$i=0;$j=0;
$arr=array();
$arr[0][0]=10;
$arr[0][1]=11;
$arr[0][2]=12;
$arr[1][0]=13;
$arr[1][1]=14;
$arr[1][2]=15;
$arr[2][0]=16;
$arr[2][1]=17;
$arr[2][2]=18;
for($i=0;$i<sizeof($arr);$i++)
{
for($j=0;$j<sizeof($arr);$j++)
{
echo $arr[$i][$j]." ";
}
echo "<br>";
}
echo "<br>";
$arrs=array(array(1,2,3,4,5,6,7),
array(11,12,13,14,15,16,17));
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for($i=0;$i<=7;$i++)
{
for($j=0;$j<=7;$j++)
{
$arrs[$i][$j]=10+$i*$j;
}
}
for($i=0;$i<=7;$i++)
{
for($j=0;$j<=7;$j++)
{
echo $arrs[$i][$j]." ";
}
echo "<br>";
}
echo "<br>";
?>
</body>
</html>
Khi trieu goi trang nay tren trnh duyet, ket qua trnh bay nh hnh 7-8.
Hnh 7-8: Mang hai chieu
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3. KIEU DATETIME
e lam viec vi kieu d lieu Date va Time, ban s dung ham cua PHP co san. Chang han, muon
trnh bay chuoi ngay thang, ban dung ham date vi cac tham so nh v du sau:
<html>
<head>
<title>Date and Time</title>
</head>
<body>
<h4>Ngay hien tai</h4>
<?php
echo date("j-S-F-Y");
echo "<br>";
echo date("M/Y");
echo "<br>";
echo "Days of ".date("M")." is ".date("t");
echo "<br>";
?>
</body>
</html>
Hnh 7-9: S dung ham Date
Lu y rang, than so trong ham date c trnh bay trong bang sau
----------------------------------------------------------------------Code Dien giai
----------------------------------------------------------------------a
Buoi sang/Chieu bang hai ky t thng am/pm.
A
Buoi sang/Chieu bang hai ky t hoa AM/PM.
B
nh dang thi gian Swatch Internet, ban co the tham khao
http://swatch.com/internettime/internettime.php3.
d
Day (01-31) trong thang vi hai so, neu ngay 1-9 se co kem so 0.
D
Day (Mon-Sun) trong tuan vi 3 ky t.
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F
g
G
h
H
i
j
l
L
m
M
n
s
S
Thang (January-December) trong nam vi ten thang ay u dang text.

Hour (1-12) trong ngay 1 hoac 2 so (khong kem 0 neu gi t 1-9).
Hour (0-23) trong ngay 1 hoac 2 so (khong kem 0 neu gi t 0-9).
Hour (01-12) trong ngay 2 so (kem 0 neu gi t 01-09).
Hour (00-23) trong ngay 2 so (kem 00 neu gi t 00-09).
Minutes (01-59) a troi qua (kem 00 neu phut t 00-59).
Day (1-31) 1 hoac 2 so (khong kem 0 neu ngay t 1-9).
Day (Monday-Sunday) trong tuan dang text.
Nam nhuan tra ve 1, ngc lai ham tra ve 0.
Month (01-12) trong nam 2 so (kem 00 neu thang t 01-09).
Month (Jan-Dec) trong nam 3 ky t.
Month (1-12) 1 hoac 2 so (khong kem 0 neu thang t 1-9).
Seconds (01-59) a troi qua (kem 00 neu giay t 00-59).
Them hai ky t st, nd, rd hay th theo sau ngay dang hai ky t so
(v du nh 12th).
t
Tra ve tong so ngay trong thang (t 28 -31).
T
Ky t Timezone cua server vi 3 ky t, chang han nh EST.
U
Tong so Seconds t 1 January 1970 ti hom nay ng vi UNIX Time Stamp.
w
Day (0-6) cua tuan, 0 ng vi Sunday va 6 ng vi Saturday.
y
Nam nh dang 2 con so (03).
Y
Nam nh dang 4 con so (2003).
z
Ngay trong nam mot hoac 2 con so (0-365).
X
Timezone hien tai tnh bang giay t 43200 en 43200.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
4. KET LUAT
Trong bai nay, chung ta tap trung tm hieu x ly chuoi, mang va ham ngay thang. Trong bai tiep,
chung ta tiep tuc tm hieu c s d lieu mySQL.
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Mon hoc: MySQL

Bai 8
Bai hoc nay chung ta se lam quen cach thao tac tren c s d lieu MySQL:
9
9
9
9
9
Gii thieu c s d lieu MySQL

Cai at MySQL
Cau hnh
Kieu d lieu
Khai bao cac phat bieu
1. GII THIEU C S D LIEU MYSQL

MySQL la c s d lieu c s dung cho cac ng dung Web co quy mo va va nho. Tuy khong
phai la mot c s d lieu ln nhng chung cung co trnh giao dien tren Windows hay Linux, cho phep
ngi dung co the thao tac cac hanh ong lien quan en c s d lieu.
Cung giong nh cac c s d lieu, khi lam viec vi c s d lieu MySQL, ban ang ky ket noi,
tao c s d lieu, quan ly ngi dung, phan quyen s dung, thiet ke oi tng Table cua c s d lieu
va x ly d lieu.
Tuy nhien, trong bat ky ng dung c s d lieu nao cung vay, neu ban than chung co ho tr mot
trnh giao dien o hoa, ban co the s dung chung tien li hn cac s dung Command line. Bi v, cho
du ban ieu khien MySQL di bat ky hnh thc nao, muc ch cung quan ly va thao tac c s d
lieu.
2. CAI AT MYSQL
e cai at MySQL tren nen Windows ban theo cac bc sau:
Trc tien ban chep tap tin mysql-4.0.0a-alpha-win.zip vao a cng hoac chon chung t aq
CD va giai nen tap tin
Chay tap tin Setup.exe, chon a C hay D
Sau khi cai at thanh cong, ban kiem tra trong Windows Services xuat hien dch vu mySQL
hay khong?. e s dung c MySQL th trang thai cua dch vu nay phai che o Started.
Lu y rang, trong trng hp MySQL khong the chay c, do dch vu cua MySQL cha Started
nh , e co the chay c MySQL th ban can mot so thay oi trong tap tin my.ini trong th muc
WINNT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#This File was made using the WinMySQLAdmin 1.3
#Tool
#9/11/2003 10:50:13 AM
#Uncomment or Add only the keys that you know how works.
#Read the MySQL Manual for instructions
[mysqld-nt]
basedir=C:/mysql
#bind-address=127.0.0.1
datadir=C:/mysql/data
#language=C:/mysql/share/your language directory
#slow query log#=
#tmpdir#=
#port=3306
#set-variable=key_buffer=16M
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[WinMySQLadmin]
Server=C:/mysql/bin/mysqld-nt.exe
user=root
password=
QueryInterval=10
3. TAO C S D LIEU VA NGI DUNG

Trong trng hp ban s dung giao dien o hoa th dung ch quan tr c s d lieu MySQL, ban
co the chay tap tin mysqlfront.exe trong th muc MySQL Control, bang cach chay tap tin ca so xuat
hien nh hnh 8-1. Neu lan au tien tao ket noi c s d lieu, ban can phai tao mot Connection, cung
cap ten Server hay IP cua may cha MySQL.
Tuy nhien, trong trng hp may cha c s d lieu MySQL la may ang s dung, ban co the
s dung localhost. Ngai ra, cung giong nh cac c s d lieu khac, Username mac nh cua c s d
lieu MySQl la root va Password la rong.
Neu ban a co c s d lieu ang ton tai, ban co the go ten c s d lieu trong phan Databases (
neu muon m nhieu database, ban co the dung dau ; e phan cach).
Trong trng hp lan au tien, ban khong can cung cap ten c s d lieu, ban co the tao chung
sau khi ket noi.
Hnh 8-1: Ket noi c s d lieu bang MySQLFront Tool

Sau ket noi c s d lieu thanh cong, trnh ieu khien c s d lieu MySQL co giao dien nh
hnh 8-2, cong viec au tien ban phai thc hien la tao c s d lieu.
Bat au t menu co ten Tools | Create Database hay chon ten root@localhost | R-Click | Create
Database, ca so xuat hien nh hnh 8-3.
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Hnh 8-2: Giao dien ieu khien c s d lieu MySQL

Cung cap ten c s d lieu, trong trng hp nay ban co the nhap Test, bam nut OK, c s d
lieu xuat hien trong ca so ieu khien.
Hnh 8-3: Tao c s d lieu co ten Test

Trong ca hai trng hp tao c s d lieu bang MySQL thanh cong nh tren, ban co the tm
thay ten c s d lieu o trong th muc mysql/data nh hnh 8-4 sau:
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Hnh 8-4: Th muc tin c s d lieu Test
3.1. Quan ly ngi dung

Lam the nao e ang nhao vao c s d lieu MySQL, ban co the s dung hai cach nh trnh
bay tren. Tuy nhien, sau khi tao ra cac username khac, ban co the s dung chung e ang nhap.
e ang nhap vao MySQL bang Command line, ban ch can go >mysql hostname u username
p t dau nhac hay ang nhap bang cach s dung trnh giao dien o hoa. T khoa -h h ra rang ten
(computer name), IP, hay localhost cua may co s dung c s d lieu MySQL, -u ch ra rang ban s
dung username, username la ten username, -p c ch nh khi username nay co password. Trong
trng hp password la rong, ban co the khong cung cap tham so p.
e tao User trong c s d lieu MySQL, ban co the s dung hai cach tren. Neu ban thc hien
viec tao mot Username bang Command line, ban co the go t dau nhac nh phat bieu sau:
GRANT
Select, Insert, Update,

Delete, Index, Alter,
Create, Drop, References
ON *.* TO 'myis'@'%'
IDENTIFIED BY '12345678'
Trong phat bieu tren, va tao ra User co ten myis, vi hostname la c s d lieu hien hanh,
password la 1234 va c cac at quyen Select, Insert, Update, Delete, Index, Alter, Create, Drop tren
c s d lieu hien hanh.
Trong trng hp ban tao ra mot Username khong cung cap cac at quyen tren c s d lieu,
ban co the thc hien nh phat bieu tao username: test, password: 1234 sau:
GRANT
usage
ON *.* TO 'test'@'%'
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Neu ban s dung giao dien o hoa, ban co the tao username va gan quyen nh tren bang cach
s dung menu co ten Tools | User-Manager, ca so xuat hien nh hnh 8-5.
Hnh 8-5: Tao Username
3.2. Cap quyen cho ngi dung

Cac at quyen Select, Insert, Update, Delete, Index, Alter, Create, Drop tren c s d lieu, ban
co the tham khao chi tiet trong bang 8-1.
Bang 8-1: Cac at quyen tren c s d lieu
---------------------------------------------Loai
ap dung
Dien giai
---------------------------------------------select
tables,
Cho phep user truy van mau
columns
tin t Table.
insert
tables,
Cho phep user them mi mau
columns
tin vao Table.
update
tables,
Cho phep user thay oi gia
columns
tr cua mau tin ton tai
trong Table.
delete
tables
Cho phep user mau tin ton
tai trong Table.
index
tables
Cho phep user them mi hay
xoa ch muc cua Table.
alter
tables
Cho phep user thay oi cau
truc cua oi tng Table
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hay Database ton tai, nh

them cot vao trong Table
ton tai, thay oi kieu d
lieu cua cot d lieu, ..
create
databases Cho phep user tao mi oi
tables
tng Table hay Database.
drop
databases Cho phep user xoa oi
tables
tng Table hay Database.
----------------------------------------------
Xuat phat t cac quyen co anh hng en cau truc c s d lieu, cac oi tng cua c s d lieu
va d lieu, ban co the xem xet ky cang trc khi cap quyen cho user am viec tren c s d lieu.
Ngoai cac quyen tren, trong MySQL con co mot so quyen khong gan mac nh nh trong bang
8-2, ban co the xem xet cac at quyen quan tr e cap cho ngi dung.
Bang 8-2: Cac at quyen quan tr tren c s d lieu
---------------------------------------------Loai
Dien giai
---------------------------------------------reload
Cho phep ngi quan tr nap lai cac
Table, quyen, host, logs va Table.
shutdown
Cho phep ngi quan tr cham dt hoat
ong MySQL Server.
process
Cho phep ngi quan tr xem qua trnh
thc hien cua trnh chu va co the cham
dt mot so qua trnh ang thc thi.
file
Cho phep d lieu ghi vao Table t tap
tin.
----------------------------------------------
Lu y: Nhng username bnh thng khong nen cap quyen nh trong bang 8-2 cho ho, trong
trng hp ban muon cap tat ca cac quyen trong bang 8-1 va Bang 8-2 cho username khi tao ra ho,
ban Table s dung t khoa All thay v All Privileges trong phat bieu tao user nh sau:
GRANT
ALL
ON *.* TO 'ekhang'@'%'
Tng t nh vay, trong trng hp ban khong cung cap bat ky at quyen nao tren c s d
lieu hien hanh, ban co the khai bao phat bieu cap uyen nh sau:
GRANT
usage
ON *.* TO 'ekhang'@'%'
3.3. Xoa quyen cua user

e xoa cac quyen cua user t c s d lieu hien hanh, ban co the s dung phat bieu SQL co ten
Revoke, phat bieu Revoke ngc lai vi phat bieu Grant.
Neu ban xoa mot so quyen cua user, ban co the s dung khai bao nh phat bieu sau:
Revoke privileges [(columns)]
ON item
From username
Trong trng hp xoa tat ca cac quyen cua user, ban co the s dung phat bieu nh sau:
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Revoke All
ON item
From username
Neu user o c cap quyen vi tuy chon Grant Option, e xoa cac quyen o cua user, ban co
the khai bao nh sau:
Revoke Grant Option
ON item
From username
e tham khao chi tiet qua trnh cap va xoa quyen cua mot user, ban co the tham khao mot so
phat bieu nh sau:
Gan quyen Administrator cho user co ten fred tren moi c s d lieu trong MySQL, password
cua anh ta la mnb123, ban co the khai bao nh sau:
Grant all
On *
To fred indetifyed by mnb123
With Grant Option;
Neu ban khong muon user co ten fred trong he thong, ban co the xoa anh ta bang cach khai
bao phat bieu sau:
Revoke all
On *
From fred;
Tao mot user co ten ekhang vi password la 12345678, c lam viec tren c s d lieu Test,
khong cap quyen cho user nay, ban co the khai bao nh sau:
Grant usage
On Test.*
To ekhang identified by 12345678;
Tng t nh vay, trong trng hp ban muon cap mot so quyen cho user co ten ekhang tren c
s d lieu Test, ban co the khai bao nh sau:
Grant select, insert, delete, update, index, drop
On Test.*
To ekhang;
Neu ban muon xoa bt mot so quyen cua user co ten ekhang tren c s d lieu Test, ban co the
khai bao nh sau:
Revoke update, delete, drop
On Test.*
From ekhang;
Nhng trong trng hp xoa tat ca cac quyen cua user co ten ekhang tren c s d lieu Test,
ban co the khai bao:
Revoke All
On Test.*
From ekhang;
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4. KIEU D LIEU CUA C S D LIEU MYSQL

Trc khi thiet ke c s d lieu tren MySQL, ban can phai tham khao mot so kieu d lieu
thng dung, chung bao gom cac nhom nh: numeric, date and time va string.
eu can lu y trong khi thiet ke c s d lieu, ban can phai xem xet kieu d lieu cho mot cot
trong Table sao cho phu hp vi d lieu cua the gii thc.
ieu nay co ngha la khi chon d lieu cho cot trong Table, ban phai xem xet en loai d lieu
can lu tr thuoc nhom kieu d lieu nao, chieu dai cung nh cac rang buoc khac, nham khai bao cho
phu hp.
4.1. Loai d lieu numeric

Kieu d lieu numeric bao gom kieu so nguyen trnh bay trong bang 8-3 va kieu so cham ong,
trong trng hp d lieu kieu dau cham ong ban can phai ch ro bao nhieu so sau au phan le nh
trong bang 8-4.
Bang 8-3: Kieu d lieu so nguyen
---------------------------------------------Loai
Range
Bytes
Dien giai
---------------------------------------------tinyint
-127->128
1
So nguyen rat nho.
hay
0..255
smallint -32768
->32767
hay
0..65535
So nguyen nho.
mediumint -8388608
-> 838860
hay
0..16777215
So nguyen va.
So nguyen.
int
-231->231-1
hay
0..232-1
8
So nguyen ln.
-263->263-1
hay
0..264-1
---------------------------------------------bigint
Bang 8-4: Kieu d lieu so cham ong

---------------------------------------------Loai
Range
Bytes
Dien giai
---------------------------------------------float
phu thuoc
So thap phan
So thap
dang Single hay
Phan
Double.
Float(M,D)
4
1.175494351E-38
3.40282346638
Double(M,D)
So thap phan
dang Single.
So thap phan
dang Double.
1.7976931348623157308
2.2250738585072014E-308
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Float(M[,D])
So cham ong lu
di dang char.
----------------------------------------------
4.2. Loai d lieu Datet and Time

Kieu d lieu Date and Time cho phep ban nhap lieu di dang chuoi hay dang so nh trong
bang 8-5.
Bang 8-5: Kieu d lieu so nguyen
---------------------------------------------Loai
Range
Dien giai
---------------------------------------------Date
1000-01-01 Date trnh bay di dang
yyyy-mm-dd.
Time
-838:59:59 Time trnh bay di

838:59:59
dang hh:mm:ss.
DateTime 1000-01-01 Date va Time trnh bay di

00:00:00
dang yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.
9999-12-31
23:59:59
TimeStamp[(M)]
1970-01-01 TimeStamp trnh bay di
00:00:00
dang yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.
Year[(2|4)]
1970-2069
Year trnh bay di
1901-2155
dang 2 so hay 4 so.
----------------------------------------------
6.
oi vi kieu d lieu TimeStamp, ban co the nh dang nhieu cach nh trnh bay trong bang 8Bang 8-6: Trnh bay ai dien cua TimeStamp
---------------------------------------------Loai
Hien th
---------------------------------------------TimeStamp
YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
TimeStamp(14)
YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
TimeStamp(12)
YYMMDDHHMMSS
TimeStamp(10)
YYMMDDHHMM
TimeStamp(8)
YYYYMMDD
TimeStamp(6)
YYMMDD
TimeStamp(4)
YYMM
TimeStamp(2)
YY
----------------------------------------------
4.3. Loai d lieu String

Kieu d lieu String chia lam ba loai, loai th nhat nh char (chieu dai co nh) va varchar
(chieu dai bien thien). Char cho phep ban nhap lieu di dang chuoi vi chieu dai ln nhat bang
chieu dai ban a nh ngha, nhng khi truy cap d lieu tren Field co khai bao dang nay, ban can
phai x ly khoang trang. ieu nay co ngha la neu khai bao chieu dai la 10, nhng ban ch nhap
hcuoi 4 ky t, MySQL lu tr trong bo nh chieu dai 10.
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Ngc lai vi kieu d lieu Char la Varchar, chieu dai ln hat ngi dung co the nhap vao bang
chieu dai ban a nh ngha cho Field nay, bo nh ch lu tr chieu dai ung vi chieu dai cua chuoi
ban a nhap.
Nh vay, co ngha la neu ban khai bao kieu varchar 10 ky t, nhng ban hc nhap 5 ky t,
MySQL ch lu tr chieu dai 5 ky t, ngoai ra, khi ban truy cap en Field co kieu d lieu nay, ban
khong can phai giai quyet khoang trang.
Loai th hai la Text hay Blob, Text cho phep lu chuoi rat ln, Blob cho phep lu oi tng nh
phan. Loai th 3 la Enum va Set. Ban co the tham khao ca ba loai tren trong bang 8-7.
Bang 8-7: Kieu d lieu String
---------------------------------------------Loai
Range
Dien giai
---------------------------------------------char
1-255
Chieu dai cua chuoi ln nhat
characters 255 ky t.
varchar
1-255
Chieu dai cua chuoi ln nhat
characters 255 ky t (characters).
tinyblob 28-1
Khai bao cho Field cha kieu

oi tng nh phan c 255
characters.
tinytext 28-1

chuoi c 255 characters.
blob
216-1

blob c 65,535 characters..
text
216-1

chuoi dang van ban c 65,535
characters.
Mediumblob
224-1
Mediumtext
224-1
Longblob
Longtext
232-1

blob va khoang 16,777,215
characters.
chuoi dang van ban va
khoang 16,777,215
characters.
blob ln khoang
4,294,967,295 characters.
232-1

chuoi dang van ban ln
khoang 4,294,967,295
characters.
----------------------------------------------
5. PHAT BIEU SQL

MySQL la mot he thong quan ly c s d lieu quan he (RDBMS) hay con c goi la Relational
Database Management System. RDBMS la mot trong nhng mo hnh c s d lieu quan he thong
dung hien nay.
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5.1. Nhom phat bieu SQL

Nh a trnh bay trong chng 3, hau het san pham c s d lieu quan he hien nay eu da
tren chuan cua SQL va ANSI-SQL, chang han nh SQL Server, Oracle, PostgreSQL va MySQL. ieu
nay co ngha la tat ca nhng c s d lieu quan he eu phai co nhng tieu chuan theo cu phap SQL
va MySQL cung khong phai la ngoai le.
Ngon ng SQL chia lam 4 loai sau:
DDL (Data Definition Language): Ngon ng nh ngha d lieu, dung e tao c s d lieu,
nh ngha cac oi tng c s d lieu nh Table, Query, Views hay cac oi tng khac.
DML (Data Manipulation Language): Ngon ng thao tac d lieu, dung e thao tac d lieu,
chang han nh cac phat bieu: Select, Inert, Delete, Update, ...
DCL: (Data Control Language): Ngon ng s dung truy cap oi tng c s d lieu, dung e
thay oi cau truc, tao ngi dung, gan quyen chang han nh: Alter, Grant, Revoke, ...
TCL: (Transaction Control Language): Ngon s dung e khai bao chuyen tac chang han nh:
Begin Tran, Rollback, Commit, ...
5.2. Phat bieu SQL thao tac d lieu

Phat bieu SQL bao gom cac loai nh sau:
SELECT (Truy van mau tin).
INSERT (Them mau tin).
UPDATE (Cap nhat d lieu).
DELETE (Xoa mau tin).
5.2.1. Khai niem c ban ve Select

Phat bieu Select dung e truy van d lieu t mot hay nhieu bang khac nhau, ket qua tra ve la
mot tap mau tin thoa cac ieu kien cho trc neu co, cu phap cua phat bieu SQL dang SELECT:
SELECT <danh sach cac cot>
[FROM <danh sach bang>]
[WHERE <cac ieu kien rang buoc>]
[GROUP BY <ten cot / bieu thc trong SELECT> ]
[HAVING <ieu kien bat buoc cua GROUP BY>]
[ORDER BY <danh sach cot>]
[LIMIT FromNumber | ToNumber]
Danh sach cac cot: Khai bao cac ten cot, bieu thc ket hp gia cac cot cua Table ban can truy
luc. Trong trng hp co hai cot cung ten cua hai Table trong phat bieu, ban can phai ch nh ten
Table i trc. Chang han, nh v du 8-1.
V du 8-1: Phat bieu SELECT
Select ItemID,ItemName
From tblItems
Where Cost>100;
Select tblOrders.OrderID,OrderDate,ItemID,Qtty
From tblOrders,tblOrderDetails
Where tblOrders.OrderID = _ tblOrderDetail.OrderID;
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5.2.2. Phat bieu SELECT vi menh e FROM
Phat bieu SQL dang SELECT la mot trong nhng phat bieu yeu cau MySQL truy luc d lieu
tren c s d lieu ch nh. SELECT dung e oc thong tin t c s d lieu theo nhng trng quy
nh, hay nhng bieu thc cho trng o.
Menh e FROM ch ra ten mot bang hay nhng bang co quan he can truy van thong tin.
Thng chung ta s dung cong cu MySQL-Front | Query e thc thi phat bieu SQL.
Sau khi thc thi phat bieu SQL, ket qua tra ve so mau tin va tong so mau tin c lay ra t
bang.
Dau * cho phep loc mau tin vi tat ca cac trng trong bang, neu muon ch ro nhng trng nao
can loc ban can neu ten cu the nhng trng o.
e tien tham khao trong giao trnh nay chung toi s dung mot phan c s d lieu co san cua
MySQL, ong thi bo sung them c s d lieu danh cho ng dung ban hang qua mang.
C s d lieu ban hang qua mang co ten la Test, va bao gom nhieu bang. Bang phat bieu
SELECT chung ta co the biet so bang hay oi tng khac ang co trong c s d lieu Test
V du 8-2: Thc thi phat bieu SQL SELECT he thong
show tables
from Test
/* Hien th tat ca ten bang cua c s d lieu hien hanh */
Ket qua tra ve danh sach bang nh sau:

TABLES_IN_TEST
-------------------------------------tblCountries
tblProvinces
tblAuthors
tblPayment
tblItemsion
tblCustomers
tblSoftware
Ghi chu:
Ban co the s dung phat bieu SQL tren e hien th nhng oi tng trong c s d lieu, bang cach thay
the cac tham so va ieu kien.
Cu phap n gian
Select *
From tablename
/* Loc tat ca so lieu cua tat ca cac cot (field) cua tablename*/
Select field1,field2
From tablename
/* Loc tat ca so lieu cua 2 field: field1, field2 cua tablename*/
Select *
From tablename
Limit 0,10
/* Loc top 10 mau tin au tien cua tat ca cac field cua tablename*/
Select field1, field2
From tablename
Limit 0,10
/* Loc top 10 mau tin au tien cua 2 fields field1, field2 cua
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tablename*/
V du 8-3: phat bieu phat bieu SQL dang Select

Select *
From tblCountries
/* Liet ke tat ca cac quoc gia trong bang tblCountries hoac ban co the liet ke ten nh phat bieu sau */
Select CountryName
From tblCountries
Ket qua tra ve nh sau:

CountryCode
CountryName
-------- ---------- ------------ ------------VNA
Vietnam
SNG
Singapore
USS
United Stated
UKD
United Kingdom
GER
Germany
CAM
Cambodia
THA
Thai Land
MAL
Malaysia
INC
Indonesia
CHN
China
5.2.3. Phat bieu SQL dang SELECT vi menh e Where

Khi ban dung menh e WHERE e tao nen tieu chuan can loc mau tin theo tieu chuan c
nh ngha, thong thng WHERE dung cot (trng) e so sanh vi gia tr, cot khac, hay bieu thc
cha cot (trng) bat ky co trong bang. Phat bieu SQL dang Select vi menh e Where cu phap co
dang nh sau:
Select *
from tablename
where conditions
Select field1, field2, field3
from tablename
where conditions
Vi conditions trong ca hai phat bieu tren c nh ngha ieu kien truy van nh khai bao sau:
Select *
From tablename
where field1>10
select *
from tblCountries
where CountryCode in('VNA','CHN')
Cac phep toan so sanh trong conditions bao gom:
> :
< :
>= :
>= :
= :
ln hn
nho hn
ln hn hoac bang
nho hn hoac bang
bang
where
where
where
where
where
Amount > 100000;

Amount < 100000;
Amount >= 100000;
Amount <= 100000;
CustID=12';
!= : Khac
<> : Khac
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where CustID!='12';
where CustID<>'12';
Cac phep toan logic co the s dung trong conditions

and
: Phep toan "and"
SELECT *
FROM tblOrders
Where Amount!>100000
And CustID='12';
Or
: Phep toan "or"

SELECT *
FROM tblOrderDetails
Where Amount!>100000
Or CustID=12;
Not
: Phep toan phu nh (not)
SELECT *
FROM tblOrders
where OrderDate is not null;
Not in : Phep toan phu nh (not in)

SELECT *
FROM tblOrders
where OrderID not in (12,15);
Between: Ket qua thuoc trong mien gia tr

SELECT *
FROM tblOrders
Where Amount between 10
And 500;
Like : Phep toan so sanh gan giong, s dung dau % e the hien thay the bang ky t ai
dien
SELECT *
FROM tblCustomers
where CustName like '%A';
Not Like : Phep toan phu nh so sanh gan giong, s dung dau % e the hien thay the
bang ky t ai dien
SELECT *
FROM tblCustomers
where CustName not like '%A';
IN
: Phep toan so sanh trong mot tap hp

SELECT *
FROM tblOrders
Where OrderID in ('100','200','300');
V du 8-5: V du ve SQL dang SELECT va Where
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/* > : ln hn */
Select *
From tblOrders
Where Amount > 100000;
/* < : nho hn */
Select *
From tblOrders
Where Amount < 100000;
/* >= : ln hn hoac bang */
Select *
From tblOrders
Where Amount >= 100000;
/* >= : nho hn hoac bang */
Select *
From tblOrders
Where Amount <= 100000;
/* = : bang */
Select *
From tblOrders
Where CustID=12;
/* != :Khac */
Select *
From tblOrders
Where CustID !=12;
/* <> : Khac */
Select *
From tblOrders
Where CustID <>12;
/* !> : Khong ln hn */
Select *
From tblOrders
Where Amount !> 100000;
/* !< : Khong nho hn */
Select *
From tblOrders
Where Amount !< 100000;
-- Cac phep toan logic

/* and
: Phep toan va */
Select *
From tblOrders
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Where Amount !>100000

And CustID=12;
/* Or
: Phep toan hoac */

Select *
From tblOrders
Where Amount !>100000
Or CustID=12;
/* Not
: Phep toan phu nh */
Select *
From tblOrders
Where OrderDate is NOT NULL;
/* Between: gia tr nam trong mien */
Select *
From tblOrders
Where Amount
Between 10 and 500;
/* Like : Phep toan so sanh gan giong, s dung dau %
e the hien thay the bat ky ky t */
Select *
From tblOrders
Where Descriion like '%A'
Or CustID ='152';
/* Not Like : Phep toan phu nh so sanh gan giong,
s dung dau % e the hien thay the bat ky ky t */
Select *
From tblOrders
Where Descriion not like '%A'
Or CustID ='152';
/* IN : Phep toan so sanh trong mot tap hp */
Select *
From tblOrders
Where OrderID in ('134','244','433');
/* Not IN
: Phep toan phu nh so sanh trong mot tap hp */
Select *
From tblOrders
Where OrderID not in ('134','244','433');
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5.2.4. Menh e Order by

Thong thng, trong khi truy van mau tin t bang d lieu, ket qua hien th can sap xep theo
chieu tang hay giam da tren ky t ALPHABET. Nhng ban cung co the sap xep theo mot tieu chuan
bat ky, chang han nh bieu thc.
Khi sap xep d lieu trnh bay trong ket qua, can phai chon trng hay bieu thc theo trat t
tang dan hoac giam dan.
Cu phap cho menh e ORDER BY cung vi trang thai tang hay giam, ng vi ASC sap xep
tang dan, DESC giam dan.
Cu phap co dang nh sau:
Order
Order
Order
Order
by
by
by
by
columnname DESC
columnname1 + columnname2 DESC
columnname ASC
columnname1 ASC, columnname2 DESC
V du 8-6: SELECT vi menh e Order by DESC

/*-- Giam dan theo thi gian */
Select OrderID , OrderDate, CustID, Amount
From tblOrders
Where Amount >1000
Order by OrderDate DESC

OrderID OrderDate
CustID
Amount
---------- ------------ ---------------------17
2001-09-20
12
178.243
18
2001-09-20
12
2.78534
16
2001-09-19
12
398.798
15
2001-09-18
12
5.758.876
14
2001-09-17
12
5.539.647
12
2001-09-16
12
1.330
13
2001-09-16
12
1.585.563
31
2001-09-16
13
459.525
11
2001-09-15
11
1.401.803
28
2001-09-15
13
1.45200
V du 8-7: SQL dang SELECT vi menh e Order by va ASC

/*-- Tang dan theo thi gian */
From tblOrders
Where Amount >1000
Order by OrderDate ASC
Ket qua tra ve nh sau

OrderID OrderDate
CustID Amount
---------- --------------------------- -------01
2001-09-05
10
2.903.576
02
2001-09-05
10
48.168.567
03
2001-09-05
10
5.107.032
04
2001-09-08
10
2.355.537
05
2001-09-08
16
1.817.487
06
2001-09-10
16
26.000
19
2001-09-10
12
575.667

29
07
23
2001-09-10
2001-09-11
2001-09-11
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13
16
12
466.500
186.782
459.162
Neu muon sap xep theo nhieu cot (trng), ch can s dung dau phay (,) e phan cach cac cot.
V du 8-7: SELECT vi menh e Order by vi 2 cot d lieu
From tblOrders
Where Amount >1000
Order by OrderID,CustID DESC

OrderID OrderDate
CustID
Amount
---------- --------------------------- -------31 2001-09-16
13
459.525
30 2001-09-15
13
153.120
29 2001-09-10
13
466.500
28 2001-09-15
13
145.200
27 2001-09-14
13
603.033
26 2001-09-13
13
230.000
25 2001-09-11
13
244.904
24 2001-09-12
13
1.367.228
23 2001-09-11
12
459.162
19 2001-09-10
12
575.667
Neu muon sap xep theo nhieu trng ket hp, ch can dung th t tng cot cach nhau bang dau
+.
V du 8-8: SELECT vi menh e Order by hp 2 cot
/*-- Giam dan theo so OrderID va CustID */
From tblOrders
Where Amount >1000
Order by OrderID + CustID DESC

OrderID OrderDate
CustID
Amount
---------- --------------------------- -------31 2001-09-16
13
459.525
30 2001-09-15
13
153.120
29 2001-09-10
13
466.500
28 2001-09-15
13
145.200
27 2001-09-14
13
603.033
26 2001-09-13
13
230.000
25 2001-09-11
13
244.904
24 2001-09-12
13
1.367.228
23 2001-09-11
12
459.162
19 2001-09-10
12
575.667
Neu trong phat bieu SQL dang SELECT co nhieu bang ket hp lai vi nhau, ban co the dung
them ten bang ng vi cot cua bang o. Phan nay se c dien giai cu the hn trong phan ke tiep
(JOIN -Phep hp).
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5.2.5. SQL dang SELECT vi menh e GROUP BY

Khi truy van mau tin tren mot hay nhieu bang d lieu, thong thng co nhng nghiep vu thuoc
trng nao o co cung gia tr, v du khi hien th hp ong phat sinh trong thang, ket qua se co nhieu
hp ong cua khach hang lap i lap lai nh v du 8-9.
V du 8-9: SQL dang SELECT vi menh e Order by
Select CustID, Amount
from tblOrders
Vi phat bieu tren ket qua tra ve nh sau:

CustID
Amount
---------- -----------------------10
2.903.576
10
48.168.567
10
5.107.032
10
2.3555347
16
181.074.847
16
26.000
16
1.867.682
16
3.600.000
16
195.713.899
16
961.804.228
16
140.180.347
12
138
12
158.555.638
12
5.539.647
12
575.887.767
12
39.879.489
12
17.824.938
12
278.503.048
12
5.756.667
12
459.162
13
136.727.628
13
244.904
13
230.000
13
603.033
13
1.452.000
13
4.665.100
13
1.531.200
13
459.525
Trong bao cao chung ta lai can phai biet moi khach hang co bao nhieu lan tra tien, tong so tien
cua moi khach hang a tra la bao nhieu?
e lam ieu nay, chung ta s dung menh e GROUP BY trong phat bieu SQL dang SELECT
cung vi mot so ham trong MySQL, ban tham khao v du 8-10 c trnh bay chi tiet t v du 4-8
nhng nhom mau tin bang menh e Group By.
V du 8-10: SQL dang SELECT vi menh e Group By
Select CustID, count (CustID),
Sum(Amount)
From tblOrders
Group by CustID
Order by CustID

CustID
---------16
12
13
10
---7
9
8
4
WWW.HUUKHANG.COM
------------------2.956.562.368
3.843.022.604
145.913.378
72.382.804
5.3. Cac ham thong dung trong MySQL

5.3.1. Cac ham trong phat bieu GROUB BY
Ham AVG: Ham tra ve gia tr bnh quan cua cot hay trng trong cau truy van, v du nh
phat bieu sau:
Select AVG(Amount)
From tblOrders
Ham MIN: Ham tra ve gia tr nho nhat cua cot hay trng trong cau truy van, v du nh
phat bieu sau:
Select Min(Amount)
From tblOrders
Ham MAX: Ham tra ve gia tr ln nhat cua cot hay trng trong cau truy van, v du nh cac
phat bieu sau:
Select Max(Amount)
From tblOrders
Ham Count: Ham tra ve so lng mau tin trong cau truy van tren bang, v du nh cac phat
bieu sau:
Select count(*)
From tblOrders
Select count(CustID)
From tblOrders
Select count(*)
From tblOrderDetails
Ham Sum: Ham tra ve tong cac gia tr cua trng, cot trong cau truy van, v du nh cac phat
bieu sau:
Select sum(Amount)
From tblOrders
Chang han, ban co the tham khao dien giai toan bo cac ham dung trong menh e GROUP BY.
V du 8-11: SQL dang SELECT vi Group By va cac ham
Select CustID,
Count (CustID),Sum(Amount),
Max(Amount),
Min(Amount),
Avg(Amount)
From tblOrders
Group by CustID
WWW.HUUKHANG.COM
Order by CustID

CustID
---------- ----------- ------------------------16
12
13
10
7
9
8
4
2956562368
3843022604
145913378
72382804
1.95713899
39879489
1.36727628
48168567
26000
459162
230000
2903576
422366052
427002511
18239172.25
18095701
5.3.2. Cac ham x ly chuoi

Ham ASCII: Ham tra ve gia tr ma ASCII cua ky t ben trai cua chuoi, v du nh khai bao:
Select ASCII('TOI')

84
Ham Char: Ham nay chuyen oi kieu ma ASCII t so nguyen sang dang chuoi:
Select char(35)

#
Ham UPPER: Ham nay chuyen oi chuoi sang kieu ch hoa:

Select UPPER('Khang')

KHANG
Ham LOWER: Ham nay chuyen oi chuoi sang kieu ch thng:

Select LOWER('Khang')

khang
Ham Len: Ham nay tra ve chieu dai cua chuoi:

Select len('I Love You')

10
Thu tuc LTRIM: Thu tuc loai bo khoang trang ben trai cua chuoi:
Select ltrim(' Khang')

'khang'
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Thu tuc RTRIM: Thu tuc loai bo khoang trang ben phai cua chuoi:
Select ltrim('Khang ')

'khang'
Ham Left: Ham tra ve chuoi ben trai tnh t au cho en v tr th n:

Select left('Khang',3)

'Kha'
Ham Right: Ham tra ve chuoi ben phai tnh t cuoi cho en v tr th n:
Select Right('KHang',4)

'Hang'
Ham Instr: Ham tra ve v tr chuoi bat au cua chuoi con trong chuoi xet:
Select INSTR ('Khang','Pham Huu Khang')

11
11 la tng ng v tr th 11 cua ch Khang trong chuoi "Pham Huu Khang"
5.3.3. Cac ham ve x ly thi gian

Ham CurDate(): Ham tra ve ngay, thang va nam hien hanh cua he thong:
Select curdate() as 'Today is

Today is
--------------------------2001-11-21
Ham CurTime(): Ham tra ve gi, phut va giay hien hanh cua he thong:
Select curtime() as 'Time is

Time is
--------------------------09:12:05
Ham Period_Diff: Ham tra ve so ngay trong khoang thi gian gia 2 ngay:
Select
Period_diff (OrderDate, getdate())
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as 'So ngay giua ngay thu tien en hom nay:'

from tblOrders

So ngay giua ngay thu tien en hom nay:
--------------------------------74
72
Ham dayofmonth: Ham dayofmonth tra ve ngay th may trong thang:

Select dayofmonth(curdate())
as 'hom nay ngay

21
Ngoai cac ham trnh bay nh tren, ban co the tm thay nhieu ham x ly ve thi gian trong
phan Funtions xuat hien ben phai man hnh cua trnh ieu khien nh hnh 8-6.
Hnh 8-6: S dung chc nang Funcitons
5.3.4. Cac ham ve toan hoc

Ham sqrt: Ham tra ve la can bat hai cua mot bieu thc:
Select sqrt (4)
Ket qua tra ve la

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Ham Round: Ham tra ve la so lam tron cua mot bieu thc:
Select round (748.58,-1)
Ket qua tra ve la

7500
e tham khao them mot so ham khac ban co the tham khao trong phan Functions nh hnh
8-9.
5.4. Phat bieu SQL dang Select vi AS

Khi can thiet phai thay oi ten trng nao o trong cau truy van, ban ch can dung phat bieu
AS. AS cho phep anh xa ten cu, hay gia tr cha co ten thanh ten mi (header).
V du, khi s dung GROUP BY trong phan tren, nhng cot tao ra t cac phep toan count,
sum, max, min, ... cho ra ket qua khong co header, ngha la khong co ten cot e tham chieu trong khi
goi en chung. Chung ta phai can phat bieu AS cho nhng trng hp nay.
V du 4-11: SQL dang SELECT vi AS va cac ham
Select CustID,
Count (CustID) as No,
Sum(Amount) as TIENHD,
Max(Amount) as HDLONNHAT,
Min(Amount) as HDNHONHAT,
Avg(Amount) as TRUNGBINH
From tblOrders
Group by CustID
Order by CustID
Ket qua hien th nh sau:

CustID No TIENHD
HDLONNHAT HDNHONHAT TRUNGBINH
---------- ----------- -----------------------16
12
13
10
7
9
8
4
2956562368
3843022604
145913378
72382804
1.95713899
39879489
1.36727628
48168567
26000
459162
230000
2903576
422366052
427002511
18239172.25
18095701
5.5. Phat bieu SQL dang Select vi Limit N , M

Phat bieu SQL dang SELECT cho phep truy luc ch mot so mau tin tnh t v tr th n en v
tr th m trong Table (theo mot tieu chuan hay sap xep nao o). e lam ieu nay, trong phat bieu
SQL dang SELECT ban dung ch nh t khoa LIMIT vi so lng mau tin can lay t v tr th n
en m.
Chang han, trong trng hp ban khai bao Select * from tblOrders limit 0,10. Ket qua se tra ve
10 mau tin au tien trong bang tblOrders.
Ban cung co the s dung ket hp LIMIT vi cac menh e nh WHERE, ORDER BY nham tao
ra ket qua nh y muon.
Do yeu cau khac nhau thong qua phat bieu SQL dang SELECT co s dung LIMIT, ngha la ket
qua tra ve so lng 10 mau tin au tien vi tat ca cac cot trong bang tblOrders
V du 8-12: Phat bieu SQL dang SELECT vi Limit N,M
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Select *
From tblOrders
Limit 0,10

OrderID OrderDate CustID
Amount
---------- --------------------------- ------01 2001-09-05
10
2903576
02 2001-09-05
10
48168567
03 2001-09-05
10
5107032
04 2001-09-08
10
2.3555347
05 2001-09-08
16
1.81074847
06 2001-09-10
16
26000
07 2001-09-11
16
1867682
08 2001-09-12
16
3600000
09 2001-09-13
16
1.95713899
10 2001-09-14
16
9.61804228
Neu muon loc ra 10 hp ong co so tien nhieu nhat, ban ch can s dung sap xep theo cot
TotalAmount hay Amount trong bang tblOrders.
V du 8-13: Phat bieu SQL dang SELECT vi Limit N,M
Select OrderID,OrderDate,CustID,Amount
From tblOrders
Order by Amount Desc
Limit 0,10

OrderID OrderDate
CustID
Amount
---------- --------------------------- ------06
2001-09-10
16
26000
26
2001-09-13
13
230000
25
2001-09-11
13
244904
23
2001-09-11
12
459162
31
2001-09-16
13
459525
27
2001-09-14
13
603033
28
2001-09-15
13
1452000
30
2001-09-15
13
1531200
07
2001-09-11
16
1867682
01
2001-09-05
10
2903576
Neu muon loc ra 10 san pham co so lng ban nhieu nhat, ban ch can s dung sap xep theo
cot so lng Qtty.
V du 8-14: Phat bieu SQL dang Select vi Limit N,M
Select ItemID,Qtty,Price,Amount
from tblOrderDetails
Where Amount>10
order by Qtty
Limit 0,10

ItemID
Qtty Price
Amount
--------------------------------------------1
900
12000
12960000

2
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
1000
5000
6000
8000
8000
8000
9000
9000
9000
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12000
12000
12000
12000
12000
10000
12000
12000
12000
14400000
72000000
86400000
15200000
15200000
15200000
29600000
129600000
129600000
5.6. Phat bieu SQL dang SELECT vi DISTINCT

Neu co mot hay nhieu bang ket noi vi nhau, se xay ra trung lap nhieu mau tin. Nhng trong
trng hp nay ban ch can lay ra mot mau tin trong tap mau tin trung lap, ban s dung phat bieu
SQL dang SELECT vi ch nh DISTINCT.
V du 8-14: Phat bieu SQL dang SELECT
Select ItemID,Qtty,Price,Amount
order by Qtty

ItemID
Qtty
Price
Amount
---------------------------------------------1
900
12000
12960000
2
1000
12000
14400000
3
5000
12000
72000000
3
6000
12000
86400000
4
8000
12000
115200000
4
8000
12000
115200000
4
8000
10000
115200000
5
9000
12000
129600000
5
9000
12000
129600000
5
9000
12000
129600000
...
...
V du 8-15: Phat bieu SQL dang SELECT vi DISTINCT

Select Distinct ItemID,Qtty,Price,Amount
Order by Qtty
Ket qua loai bo nhng mau tin trung lap nh sau:

ItemID
Qtty
Price
Amount
---------------------------------------------1
900
12000
12960000
2
1000
12000
14400000
3
6000
12000
86400000
4
8000
12000
115200000
5
9000
12000
129600000
...
...
...
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5.7. Nhap d lieu bang phat bieu SQL dang Insert

Khi can them mau tin vao bang trong c s d lieu MySQL, ban co nhieu cach e thc hien
cong viec nay. Trong Visual Basic 6.0, VB.NET, C Sharp hay Java co nhng phng thc e them
mau tin vao bang trong c s d lieu. Tuy nhien, e s dung cac phat bieu SQL mang tnh chuyen
nghiep trong MySQL, ban can s dung phat bieu INSERT.
Ban co the s dung phat bieu Insert ngay tren ng dung ket noi vi MySQL. Trong trng hp
ban s dung c s d lieu SQL Server hay Oracle, ban co the tao ra mot Stored Procedure vi muc
ch INSERT d lieu vao bang ch nh trc.
Khi them d lieu, can chu y kieu d lieu giong hoac tng ng kieu d lieu a khai bao cua cot
o, neu khong phu hp th loi se phat sinh.
Ngoai ra ban can quan tam en quyen cua User ang truy cap c s d lieu. User phai c cap
quyen Insert d lieu vao tng bang cu the (quyen nay do nha quan tr c s d lieu phan quyen cho
User o).
Trong phat bieu INSERT INTO chung toi thc hien tren bang tblOrderDetails va bang
tblOrderDetailsHist, hai bang nay co cau truc nh sau:
/* Bang tblOrderDetails*/
CREATE TABLE tblorderdetails (
ItemID int(3) unsigned DEFAULT '0' ,
OrderID int(3) unsigned DEFAULT '0' ,
No tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT '0' ,
Qtty int(3) unsigned DEFAULT '0' ,
Price int(3) unsigned DEFAULT '0' ,
Discount int(3) unsigned DEFAULT '0' ,
Amount bigint(3) unsigned DEFAULT '0'
);
/* Bang tblOrderDetailsHist, dung e cha cac thong tin

hp ong chi tiet khi hp ong cua khach hang nay ket thuc,
chng trnh t ong xoa trong tblOrderDetails va l tr lai
trong bang tblOrderDetailsHist.*/
CREATE TABLE tblorderdetailshist (
);
Khi Insert d lieu vao bang, co 3 trng hp xay ra: insert d lieu vao bang t cac gia tr cu
the, insert vao bang lay gia tr t mot hay nhieu bang khac, va cuoi cung la ket hp ca hai trng
hp tren.
5.7.1. Insert vao bang lay gia tr cu the:

INSERT INTO <Tablename>[<columnname list>]
Values (data_value)
V du 8-16: INSERT d lieu vao bang t gia tr cu the
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/* Them mau tin vi mot so cot */

INSERT INTO
TBLCUSTOMERS
(CustName,Username,Password,
Address,Tel,FaxNo,Email,Contact,
CountryCode,ProvinceCode)
Values ('Khach San CENTURY', century,
1111,5 Le Loi,8676767,8767676,
century@yahoo.com,Hoang Anh,
VNA,HCM)
/* Them mau tin vi mot so cot */
INSERT INTO
TBLORDERS(OrderID,OrderDate,
CustID,Description,Amount)
Values ('11',curdate(),1',
'Dat hang qua mang', 20000)
5.7.2. Insert vao bang lay gia tr t bang khac:

INSERT INTO <Tablename1>[<columnname list>]
Select [columnname list]
From <Tablename2>
Where <Conditions>
V du 8-17: INSERT vao bang t gia tr cua bang khac

/* Them mau tin vi cac cot cu the */
/* Chuyen tat ca nhng hp ong chi tiet t bang
tblOrderDetails vao bang tblOrderDetailsHist */
INSERT INTO
TBLORDERDETAILSHIST(
ItemID,
OrderID,
No,
Qtty,
Price,
Discount,
Amount)
SELECT
ItemID,
OrderID,
No,
Qtty,
Price,
Discount,
Amount
ORDER BY OrderID ASC
/* Co the viet lai them mau tin vi tat ca cac cot nh sau
Chuyen tat ca nhng hp ong chi tiet t bang tblOrderDetails vao bang tblOrderDetailsHist vi ieu
kien so cot tng ng trong bang tblOrderDetails bang vi so cot trong bang tblOrderDetailsHist, ban co
the viet lai nh sau */
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INSERT INTO TBLORDERDETAILSHIST

SELECT * from
tblOrderDetails
5.7.3. Insert vao bang lay gia tr cu the, bang khac:

INSERT INTO <Tablename1>[<columnname list>]
Select [columnname list], valueslist
From <Tablename2>
Where <conditions>
ORDER BY <column name> ASC/DESC
V du 8-18: INSERT vao bang t gia tr cu the, bang khac

/* Them mau tin vi cac cot cu the */
/* Chuyen tat ca nhng hp ong chi tiet t bang tblOrderDetails vao bang tblOrderDetailsHist. Gia s
rang, ngoai nhng cot giong nh tblOrderDetails, bang tblOrderDetailsHist con co them cot Tranferdate.
*/
INSERT INTO
TBLORDERSHIST(
OrderID,
OrderDate,
ReceiveFolio,
CustID,
Descriion,
Amount,
Historydate)
SELECT
OrderID,
OrderDate,
ReceiveFolio,
CustID,
Descriion,
Amount,
getdate() as Historydate
From tblOrders
where Month(OrderDate)=12
Order by OrderDate,CustID
/* Co the viet lai them mau tin vi tat ca cac cot nh sau */
/* Chuyen tat ca nhng phieu thu trong thang 12 t bang tblOrders vao bang tblOrdersHist vi ieu kien
so cot tng ng trong bang tblOrders bang vi so cot trong bang tblOrdersHist, ban co the viet lai nh
sau */
INSERT INTO
TBLORDERDETAILSHIST(
ItemID,
OrderID,
No,
Qtty,
Price,
Discount,
Amount,TranferDate)
SELECT
ItemID,
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OrderID,
No,
Qtty,
Price,
Discount,
Amount,CurDate()
5.8. Phat bieu SQL dang UPDATE

Phat bieu SQL dang UPDATE dung cap nhat lai d lieu a ton tai trong bang. Khi UPDATE
dung cap nhat d lieu cho mot mau tin ch nh nao o thng UPDATE s dung chung vi menh e
WHERE.
Neu can cap nhat tat ca cac mau tin trong bang ban co the bo menh e WHERE. Phat bieu nay
co cau truc nh sau:
/* neu cap nhat gia tr cu the */
Update <table name>
Set <column>=<value>,[<column>=<value>]
[where <restrictive conditions>]
/* neu cap nhat gia tr la ket qua tra ve t phat bieu
select tren mot hay nhieu bang khac */
Update <table name>
Set <column>=<select .. from tablename where ...>
[where <restrictive conditions>]
UPDATE co the anh hng en nhieu bang, nhng cap nhat gia tr ch co hieu lc tren bang
o, ban co the tham khao phan nay trong chng ke tiep JOIN TABLE.
Cap nhat gia tr cu the vao mot hay nhieu cot minh hoa trong v du 8-18 sau:
V du 8-18: UPDATE tren cac cot d lieu t gia tr cu the
/* cap nhat cot vi gia tr cu the */
Update tblCustomers
Set CustName='Cong ty TNHH Coca cola Vietnam'
Where CustID=12
/* cap nhat mot cot vi gia tr cot khac trong bang
tblOrderDetails*/
Update tblOrders
Set Amount= Amount*.01,
TotalAmount=Amount*0.1
Where Month(OrderDate)=12
/* cap nhat mot cot vi gia tr t bang khac*/
/* cap nhat cot Price vi gia tr t cot Cost cua bang tblItems, khai bao sau ch ung trong MySQL 4.1 tr
ve sau*/
Update tblOrderDetails
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Set Price=
(select distinct Cost]
from tblItems
where ItemID=tblOrderDetails.ItemID)
Where Price<1000
/* cap nhat mot cot vi gia tr cu the vi ieu kien t bang khac, , khai bao sau ch ung trong MySQL
4.1 tr ve sau */
Update tblOrderDetails
Set Price= Price*10,
Amount= Qtty*(Price+1)
Where ItemID in
(select distinct ItemID
where Price>1000)
5.9. Phat bieu SQL dang DELETE

Vi phat bieu SQL dang DELETE th n gian hn. Khi thc hien lenh xoa mau tin trong bang
chung ta ch can quan tam en ten bang, va menh e WHERE e xoa vi nhng mau tin a chon loc
neu co. Cu phap cua Delete:
Delete from <table name>
Where <condition>
Vi menh e WHERE giong nh bat ky menh e WHERE nao trong phat bieu SELECT hay
UPDATE va INSERT cua bat ky ng dung c s d lieu nao co s dung SQL.
Conditions co the la phep toan gia cac cot va gia tr, nhng cung co the gia tr la ket qua tra
ve t mot phat bieu SELECT khac.
Ghi chu: Khong co khai niem xoa gia tr trong mot cot, v xoa gia tr mot cot ong ngha vi
cap nhat cot o bang gia tr rong.
V du 8-19: Xoa mau tin vi phat bieu SQL dang DELETE
/* Xoa mau tin t bang vi ieu kien */
Delete from tblCustomers
Where CustName is null
Trong trng hp co rang buoc ve quan he cua d lieu, th xoa mau tin phai tuan thu theo quy
tac: Xoa mau tin con trc roi mi xoa mau tin cha.
Chang han, trong trng hp ta co 2 bang: hp ong ban hang (tblOrders) va hp ong ban
hang chi tiet (tblOrderDetails).
e xoa mot hp ong ban can xoa mau tin trong bang tblOrders trc roi mi en cac mau tin
trong bang tblOrderDetails.
V du 8-20: Xoa mau tin vi Delete
/* Xoa mau tin t bang con */
Delete from tblOrderDetails
where OrderID=123
/* Xoa mau tin t bang cha */
Delete from tblOrders
where OrderID=123
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Ban co the thc hien mot phat bieu SQL dang DELETE vi ieu kien trong menh e WHERE
lay gia tr tra ve t phat bieu SELECT t bang khac, khai bao nh vay ch co hieu lc trong c s d
lieu MySQL phien ban 8.1 tr ve sau hay trong c s d lieu SQL Server va Oracle.
V du 8-21: Xoa mau tin theo quy tac co rang buoc quan he
/* Xoa mau tin t bang vi ieu kien lay gia tr t bang khac */
Delete from tblOrderDetails
where ItemID in
(select ItemID
from tblItems
where ItemName like 'IT%')
6. PHAT BIEU SQL DANG JOIN

Ngoai cac phat bieu SQL vi 4 dang tren, trong phan ke tiep, chung toi trnh bay mot so phat
bieu SQL dang Select e ket noi d lieu gia cac bang co quan he vi nhau, nhng phat bieu se trnh
bay trong chng 5 nh:
Khai niem JOIN
Phat bieu INNER JOIN
Phat bieu LEFTJOIN
Phat bieu RIGHT JOIN
6.1. Khai niem ve quan he

e phat trien ng dung Web bang bat ky loai c s d lieu nao, giai oan phan tch thiet ke he
thong cc ky quan trong. Neu ket qua phan tch khong toi u th ng dung o khong the at c gia
tr ky thuat cung nh gia tr thng mai. Thiet ke c s d lieu khong toi u, chung co the dan en
viec chng trnh chay cham va khong ben vng.
Mot khi ng dung chay cham i do c s d lieu khong toi u th rat co the ban phai thiet ke
va xay dng lai t au toan bo cau truc cua chng trnh va c s d lieu.
Xuat phat t ly do nay, khi xay dng mot ng dung thong tin quan ly, chung ta can phai qua
nhng bc phan tch thiet ke he thong ky lng e co c mo hnh quan he va ERD trc khi en
cac mo hnh chc nang chi tiet.
Tuy nhien, trong ly thuyet mot so kien thc c ban bat buoc ban phai thc hien theo mo hnh
he thong ng vi nhng quan he toan ven, nhng trong thc te, do tnh ac thu cua ng dung, thng
ban phai thiet ke lai mo hnh theo nhu cau can oi gia o phc tap va tnh toi u.
Trong ng dung ban hang qua mang Test a trnh bay trong chng 3, khi quan tam en mot
hp ong tren mang, ngoai nhng thong tin lien lac ve khach hang, ban can phai lu tr d lieu
khac nh chiet hang mua, phng thc tra tien, phng thc giao hang,... Van e c thao luan
ay, moi hp ong co nh6u mat hang chi tiet.
Trong trng hp nay, chung ta co 6 thc the lien quan nh sau, thc the danh muc Customers
(thong tin lien lac cua khach hang), Orders (hp ong mua hang), OrderDetails (chi tiet hang mua),
Items (danh muc san pham).
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Customers
1-n
Orders
Items
1-n
1-n
Order
Details
S o 8-1: Mo hnh quan he
Gia s rang khi nhap so lieu vao c s d lieu, ng vi hp ong co ma 101, cua khach hang co
ten Nguyen Van A, ... co hai san pham chi tiet: 11 (Nc ngot) va 32 (xa phong Lux).
Trong trng hp nay ban ang co mot mau tin hp ong trong bang tblCustomers, mot mau
tin hp ong trong bang tblOrders va hai mau tin trong bang tblOrderDetails.
Neu muon biet thong tin hp ong cua khach hang A, ro rang ban can dung phat bieu SELECT
vi menh e ket hp t 3 bang tren. Ket qua tra ve 2 mau tin la s ket hp thong tin t hai bang
tblCustomers, tblOrders va tblOrderDetails.
Khi thc thi phat bieu SQL dang SELECT ng vi c s d lieu nh tren ban phai duyet qua
hai mau tin.
Tat nhien, khi viet ng dung th ieu nay chap nhan c, va co the coi la toi u. Gia s rang,
ng dung nay c phat trien tren WEB can lu tam en van e toi u toc o truy van th sao?
Ngi thiet ke c s d lieu trong trng hp nay phai thay oi lai cau truc e tang toc o truy
cap qua mang khi x ly tren c s d lieu cua ngi dung.
6.2. Khai niem ve menh e JOIN

Trong hau het phat bieu SELECT, phan ln ket qua ma ban mong muon lay ve eu co lien
quan en mot hoac nhieu bang khac nhau. Trong trng hp nh vay, khi truy van d lieu ban can s
dung menh e JOIN e ket hp d lieu tren hai hay nhieu bang lai vi nhau.
Khi s dung JOIN, ban can quan tam en trng (cot) nao trong bang th nhat co quan he vi
trng (cot) nao trong bang th hai. Neu mo hnh quan he cua ban khong toi u hay khong ung,
quan trnh s dung JOIN se cho ket qua tra ve khong nh y muon.
Tr lai ng dung ban hang qua mang trong giao trnh nay, khi xuat mot hp ong ban hang
cho khach hang, theo thiet ke trong c s d lieu chung ta co rat nhieu bang lien quan en nhau.
Chang han, neu quan tam ban hang th ban cho ai. Suy ra, lien quan en thong tin khach
hang, ban san pham g cho ho th lien quan en ma san pham, neu khach hang tra tien th lien quan
en phieu thu, neu khach hang co cong n th lien quan en n ky trc...
Trong phan nay, chung toi tiep tuc thiet ke mot so bang d lieu cung vi kieu d lieu tng ng
va quan he gia cac bang c mo ta nh sau:
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tblCustomers (danh sach khach hang)

[CustID] int auto_increment Primary key,
[CustName] [varchar] (50) NULL ,
[Address] [varchar] (100) NULL,
[Tel] [varchar] (20) NULL,
[FaxNo] [varchar] (20) NULL,
[Email] [varchar] (50) NULL,
[Contact] [varchar] (50) NULL
[Country] [varchar] (3) NULL,
[Province] [varchar] (3) NULL
tblOrders (Hp ong ban hang)
[OrderID] [int] Not null

auto_increment Primary Key,
[OrderDate] [date] NULL ,
[CustID] int ,
[Description] [varchar] (200) NULL ,
[ShipCost] [float] NULL ,
[TranID] [tinyint] NULL ,
[PaymentID] [tinyint] NULL ,
[Amount] [float] NULL ,
[TotalAmount] [float] NULL ,
tblOrderDetails (Hp ong ban hang chi tiet)
[SubID] [int] auto_increment NOT NULL ,

[OrderID] int ,
[ItemID] int,
[No] int,
[Qtty] [int] NULL ,
[Price] int NULL ,
[Discount] [Float] NULL ,
[Amount] [Float] NULL
tblItems (Danh sach san pham)
[ItemID] int auto_increment Primary key,

[ItemName] [varchar] (200) NULL ,
[Unit] [nvarchar] (20) NULL ,
[Cost] [Float] NULL ,
[Active] [tinyint] NOT NULL ,
[Category] int
Ban co the tm thay cac bang d lieu con lai trong d lieu Test trong a nh kem theo sach.
6.3. Menh e INNER JOIN

Phat bieu SQL dang SELECT co s dung menh e INNER JOIN thng dung e ket hp hai
hay nhieu bang d lieu lai vi nhau, cu phap cua SELECT co s dung menh e INNER JOIN:
SELECT [SELECT LIST]
FROM <FIRST_TABLENAME>
INNER JOIN <SECOND_TABLENAME>
ON <JOIN CONDITION>
WHERE <CRITERIANS>
ORDER BY <COLUMN LIST>
[ASC / DESC]
Neu ban can lay ra mot so cot trong cac bang co ket noi lai vi nhau bang menh e INNER
JOIN th cu phap nay viet lai nh sau:
SELECT [FIELD1,FIELD2, ...]
FROM <FIRST_TABLENAME>
INNER JOIN <SECOND_TABLENAME>
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ON <JOIN CONDITION>
WHERE <CRITERIANS>
ORDER BY <COLUMN LIST>
[ASC / DESC]
V du 8-23: INNER JOIN vi mot so cot ch nh

/* in ra danh sach khach hang mua hang trong thang 10 */
Select CustName,OrderID,
OrderDate,Amount,
TotalAmount
from tblCustomers
inner join tblOrders
on tblCustomers.CustID = tblOrders.CustID
where month (OrderDate) = 10
order by CustName

CustName
OrderID OrderDate .. TotalAmount
--------------------------------------------CENTURY Hotel
13 2001-10-17
388800000
CENTURY Hotel
14 2001-10-18
518400000
CENTURY Hotel
16 2001-10-17
388800000
CENTURY Hotel
17 2001-10-18
14400000
CENTURY Hotel
18 2001-10-18
12960000
CENTURY Hotel
110 2001-10-18
216000000
Plaza Hotel
12 2001-10-17
403200000
Plaza Hotel
19 2001-10-17
86400000
Plaza Hotel
11
2001-10-17 576000000
Plaza Hotel
15
2001-10-17 288000000
Neu ban can lay ra tat ca cac cot trong cac bang co ket noi lai vi nhau bang menh e INNER
JOIN, cu phap tren co the viet lai nh sau:
SELECT first_tablename.*,
second_tablename.*
[,next table name]
FROM <first_tablename>
INNER JOIN <second_tablename>
ON <join conditions>
[INNER JOIN <next_tablename>
ON <join conditions>]
WHERE <conditions>
ORDER BY <column list>
[ASC / DESC]
V du 8-24: INNER JOIN vi tat cac trng lien quan

Select CustID,CustName,OrderID,
OrderDate,TotalAmount
from tblCustomers
inner join tblOrders
On TblCustomers.CustID=tblOrders.CustID
where month (OrderDate) = 10
order by CustName DESC

CustID
-----13
13
12
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
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CustName
.. OrderID ..TotalAmount
--------------------------------------Plaza Hotel
.. 11
..
576000000
Plaza Hotel
.. 15
..
288000000
Plaza Hotel
.. 12
. . 403200000
Plaza Hotel
.. 19
.. 86400000
CENTURY Hotel .. 13
.. 388800000
CENTURY Hotel .. 14
.. 518400000
CENTURY Hotel .. 16
.. 388800000
CENTURY Hotel .. 17
.. 14400000
CENTURY Hotel .. 18
.. 12960000
CENTURY Hotel .. 110 .. 216000000
Neu trong nhng bang can ket noi co ten trng (cot) giong nhau th khi thc thi phat bieu
SQL dang SELECT phai ch ro cot thuoc bang nao. Trong trng hp ca hai cung lay d lieu ra th
ban can chuyen anh xa ten khac cho cot thong qua menh e AS, v du nh:
SELECT first_tablename.CustID as CUSTID,
second_tablename.CustID as CUSTID
ON <join condition>
WHERE <criterians>
[ASC / DESC]
Neu trong nhng bang can ket noi o co ten trng (cot) giong nhau va khong c ch ro nh
trng hp tren khi khai bao trong c s d lieu SQL Server, khi thc thi phat bieu SQL dang
SELECT ban se b loi, chang han nh:
SELECT first_tablename.*, second_tablename.*
ON <join condition>
WHERE <criterians>
[ASC / DESC]
Server: Msg 209, Lecel 16, State Line 1

Ambiguous column name 'CustID'
Tuy nhien, vi phat bieu tren ban co the thc thi trong c s d lieu MySQL. Ngoai ra, phat
bieu SQL dang SELECT s dung INNER JOIN ban co the anh xa (alias) ten cua bang thanh ten
ngan gon e de tham chieu ve sau.
Thc ra phat bieu ALIAS co y ngha giong nh AS vi ten cot trong bang thanh ten cot khac
trong phat bieu SELECT.
Select p.*,s.*
from tablename1
inner join tablename2
On tablename1.field1 = tablename2.field2
V du 8-25: INNER JOIN vi anh xa ten bang

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Select c.CustName,
s.OrderID,s.OrderDate,
s.TotalAmount
from tblCustomer c
inner join tblOrders s
On c.CustID=s.CustID
where month (s.OrderDate) = 10
order by c.CustName DESC

CustName
OrderID OrderDate .. TotalAmount
----------------------------------------------CENTURY Hotel
10-17 ..
388800000
CENTURY Hotel
14 2001-10-18 ..
518400000
CENTURY Hotel
16 2001-10-17 ..
388800000
CENTURY Hotel
17 2001-10-18 ..
14400000
CENTURY Hotel
18 2001-10-18 ..
12960000
CENTURY Hotel
11
2001-10-18 ..
216000000
Plaza Hotel
12 2001-10-17 ..
403200000
Plaza Hotel
19 2001-10-17 ..
86400000
Plaza Hotel
11
2001-10-17 ..
576000000
Plaza Hotel
15
2001-10-17 ..
288000000
13
2001-
Tat nhien, ban cung co the viet phat bieu tren ng vi tng cot muon lay ra bang cach khai bao
ten cot.
6.4. Menh e Left Join

Trng hp ban mong muon ket qua lay ra trong hai bang ket hp nhau theo ieu kien: Nhng
mau tin bang ben trai ton tai ng vi nhng mau tin bang ben phai khong ton tai ban hay dung
menh e LEFT JOIN trong phat bieu SQL dang SELECT, cu phap co dang:
select <Column list>
from lefttablename
LEFT JOIN righttablename
on lefttabkename.field1=righttablename.field2
Where <conditions>
Order by <column name>
ASC/DESC
Chang han, ban chon ra tat ca cac san pham (vi cac cot) co hay khong co doanh so ban trong
thang hien tai. Mot so san pham khong ban trong thang se co cot Amount co cot Amount gia tr
NULL.
V du 8-26: SELECT dung LEFT JOIN
/* in ra danh sach san pham ban trong thang 10 */
select ItemID,ItemName,Amount
from tblItems
left join tblOrderDetails
on tblItems.ItemID=tblOrderDetails.ItemID
order by Amount

ItemID
ItemName
Amount
---------------------------------------------12
ASW-60VP
NULL

13
14
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
...
ASW-60VT
ASW-660T 120V TW 29340
ASW-685V 120V TW 29440
ASW60VP 220V 34571
ASW-45Z1T1
ASW-45Y1T 127V
ASW-45Y1T 220V
ASW-45Y1T 220V
ASW-45Z1T
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NULL
NULL
NULL
NULL
2960000
14400000
72000000
86400000
15200000
6.5. Menh e Right Join

Ngc lai vi phat bieu SQL dang SELECT s dung menh e LEFT JOIN la phat bieu SQL
dang SELECT s dung menh e RIGHT JOIN se xuat d lieu cua bang ben phai cho du d lieu cua
bang ben trai khong ton tai, cu phap co dang:
Select <Column list>
From lefttablename
RIGHT JOIN righttablename
On lefttabkename.field1=righttablename.field2
Where <conditions>
Order by <column name>
ASC/DESC
Trong v du sau, ban co the chon ra tat ca cac san pham co hay khong co doanh so ban trong
thang hien tai. Cac san pham khong ton tai doanh so ban se khong hien ra.
V du 8-27: SELECT dung RIGHT JOIN
/* in ra danh sach san pham ban trong thang ngay 17 */
/* trong phat bieu SELECT nay co s dung menh e
WHERE s dung phat bieu SELECT khac, ket qua cua SELECT trong menh e WHERE tra ve mot mang
OrderID */
Select ItemName,Qtty,
Price,Amount
From tblItems
Right join tblOrderDetails
On tblItems.ItemID=tblOrderDetails.ItemID
Where OrderID in (12,14,23,15)
Order by ItemID

ItemName
Qtty Price Amount
---------------------------------------------ASW-45Y1T 127V SDIA29350 11000 12000 58400000
ASW-45Y1T 127V SDIA29350 10000 12000 44000000
ASW-45Y1T 127V SDIA 29350 10000 12000 14400000
ASW-45Y1T 127V SDIA 29350 10000 12000 44000000
ASW-45Y1T 127V SDIA 29350 11000 12000 58400000
ASW-45Y1T 127V SDIA 29350 10000 12000 44000000
ASW-45Y1T 127V SDIA 29350 11000 12000 58400000
ASW-45Y1T 220V ARG 29391
6000
12000 86400000
ASW-45Z1T
9000
12000 29600000
ASW-45Z1T
9000
12000 29600000
...
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6.6. Phep toan hp (union)

Union khong giong nh nhng menh e JOIN a gii thieu tren ay. Union la phep toan dung
e noi hai hay nhieu cau truy van dang Select lai vi nhau.
oi vi JOIN, ban co the ket noi d lieu c thc hien theo chieu ngang. oi vi Union ban
ket noi d lieu c thc hien theo chieu doc.
e chon ra nhng khach hang thng xuyen trong tblCustomers, ket qua tra ve la danh sach
cac khach hang thng xuyen.
V du 8-28: Khach hang thng xuyen trong tblCustomers
Select CustID,CustName
from tblCustomers

CustID
---------13
12
16
10
CustName
----------------New World Hotel
Kinh Do Hotel
CENTURY Hotel
PLAZA Hotel
e chon ra nhng khach hang vang lai trong tblTempCustomers, ket qua tra ve la danh sach
cac khach hang vang lai.
V du 8-29: Khach hang vang lai trong tblTempCustomers
from tblTempCustomers

CustID
---------23
24
25
26
CustName
--------------------------------Cong ty nuoc giai khat 12COLA
Cong ty nuoc giai khat PEPSI
Cong ty nuoc giai khat REDBULK
Cong ty nuoc giai khat TRIBICO
Neu dung phep toan UNION e ket noi hai bang tren, ket qua tra ve la danh sach ca hai loai
khach hang trong cung mot recordset.
V du 8-30: SELECT s dung phep hp UNION
From tblCustomers
UNION
From tblTempCustomers

CustID
CustName

---------23
24
25
26
12
10
16
13
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----------------------------------Cong ty nuoc giai khat 12COLA

Cong ty nuoc giai khat PEPSI
Cong ty nuoc giai khat REDBULK
Cong ty nuoc giai khat TRIBICO
Kinh Do Hotel
PLAZA Hotel
CENTURY Hotel
New World Hotel
Ghi chu: Khi s dung phep toan Union trong phat bieu SQL dang Select, ban can lu y cac quy
nh sau:
Tat ca nhng truy van trong UNION phai cung so cot hay trng. Neu truy van th nhat co
hai cot th truy van th hai c s dung UNION cung phai co hai cot tng t.
Khi s dung UNION, nhng cot nao co ten cot hay b danh (alias) mi th ket qua tra ve se
co ta e (header) cua tng cot va ten la ten cot cua truy van th nhat.
Kieu d lieu trong cac cot cua truy van 2 tng thch vi kieu d lieu cac cot tng ng trong
truy van th nhat.
Trong UNION ban co the ket hp nhieu cau truy van lai vi nhau.
Ket qua hien ra theo th t cua truy van t di len tren.
6.7. SQL dang thay oi va nh ngha c s d lieu

6.7.1. Phat bieu SQL dang CREATE
Phat bieu SQL dang CREATE dung e tao c s d lieu va nhng oi tng cua c s d lieu
trong MySQL, SQL Server, Oracle, ..., chung cu phap nh sau:
CREATE Database <Database NAME>
CREATE <OBJECT TYPE>
<OBJECT NAME>
OBJECT TYPE: Loai oi tng cua c s d lieu v du nh Procedure, Table, View,...

OBJECT NAME: Ten cua oi tng trong c s d lieu SQL nh sp_IC, tblEmployer, ...
6.7.2. Tao c s d lieu - Create database

Khi xay dng c s d lieu, ban bat au t mo hnh c s d lieu ERD, hay t mot giai oan
nao o trong quy trnh phan tch thiet ke he thong. e tao c s d lieu tren MySQL hay SQL Server
ban s dung cu phap sau:
CREATE DATABASE <Database name>
Cu phap ay u cua phat bieu tao c s d lieu nh sau, neu ban s dung c s d lieu SQL
Server:
CREATE DATABASE <database_name>
[ ON [PRIMARY] (
[Name= <'Logical file name'>,]
FileName=<'File Name'>
[, SIZE=<Size in Megabyte or KiloByte> ]
[, MAXSIZE=<Size in Megabyte or KiloByte> ][, FILEGROWTH = <No of
Kylobyte|Percentage>]
)]
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[ LOG ON
(
[Name= <'Logical file name'>,]
FileName=<'File Name'>
[, SIZE=<Size in Megabyte or KiloByte> ]
[, MAXSIZE=<Size in Megabyte or KiloByte> ][, FILEGROWTH = <No of
Kylobyte|Percentage>]
)]
[COLLATE <Collation Name>]
[For Load | For Attach]
6.7.3. Dien giai CREATE Database trong SQL Server

ON: Dung e nh ngha ni cha c s d lieu va khong gian cha tap tin log.
NAME: Dung nh ngha ten cua c s d lieu. Ten nay dung tham chieu khi goi en c s
d lieu, ten c dung cho qua trnh backup, export, Import, Shrink c s d lieu o.
FILENAME: Ten tap tin c s d lieu lu trong a cng, thong thng khi cai SQL Server
len o a nao th gia tr mac nh cho phep lu tap tin en th muc o. Tuy nhien, neu
muon ban cung co the thay oi v tr cac file nay.
Khi tao c s d lieu, ban a nh ngha v tr at tap tin th muc nao th khong the di
chuyen mot cach thu cong (nh dung Explorer cua Windows), v lam ieu o that nguy hiem nhat la
khi d lieu trong c s d lieu ang co gia tr kinh te.
SIZE: Dung lng cua c s d lieu khi khi tao chung. Thong thng gia tr mac nh la 1
MB.
Dung lng phai la so nguyen, co the tang them bang cach s dung thu tuc Shrink trong
SQL Server.
MAXSIZE: Dung lng ln nhat, khi dung lng c s d lieu tang len en mc MaxSize th
dng lai.
Neu khi dung lng bang MaxSize, cac chuyen tac co the b huy bo hay tra ve loi khong the
thc hien c, va co the lam cho c s d lieu cua ban b treo.
e tranh ieu nay xay ra, th ngi quan tr c s d lieu phai thng xuyen theo gioi qua trnh
tang dung lng c s d lieu theo thi gian, e co bien phap tranh moi rui ro co the xay ra.
FILEGROWTH: Dung lng khi tao cung dung lng toi a cho phep tang trong qua trnh
them d lieu vao c s d lieu. Nham t ong hoa, chung ta phai thiet lap qua trnh tang t
ong theo ch so KB cho trc hay ty le phan tram theo dung lng ang co.
LOG ON: Log on cho phep ban quan ly nhng chuyen tac xay ra trong qua trnh s dung c
s d lieu cua SQL Server.
Xay dng c s d lieu Test

Nh a trnh bay tren, sau ay v du tao c s d lieu Test co cu phap nh sau:
V du 8-31: Tao c s d lieu Test trong SQL Server
USE master
GO
CREATE DATABASE Test
ON
( NAME = Test,
FILENAME = 'c:\mssql7\data\Testdat.mdf',
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SIZE = 10,
MAXSIZE = 50,
FILEGROWTH = 5 )
LOG ON
( NAME = 'Testlog',
FILENAME = 'c:\mssql7\data\Testlog.ldf',
SIZE = 5MB,
MAXSIZE = 25MB,
FILEGROWTH = 5MB )
GO
e n gian hoa cac oi tng Table trong c s d lieu Test, chung toi ch trnh bay mot vai
phat bieu SQL dang Create Table, cac Table khac ban co the tm thay trong c s d lieu nh kem.
V du 8-32: Tao mot so bang trong Test
/* Tao bang danh sach khach hang thng xuyen */
CREATE TABLE tblcustomers (
CustID int(3) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
Username varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' ,
Password varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' ,
CustName varchar(50) ,
Address varchar(100) ,
Tel varchar(20) ,
FaxNo varchar(10) ,
Email varchar(50) ,
Contact varchar(50) ,
CountryCode char(3) ,
ProvinceCode char(3) ,
PRIMARY KEY (CustID),
INDEX CustID (CustID)
);
/* Tao bang hp ong mua hang qua mang */
CREATE TABLE tblorders (
OrderID int(3) NOT NULL auto_increment,
OrderDate date ,
CustID int(11) ,
Description varchar(100) DEFAULT '0' ,
TranID tinyint(3) DEFAULT '0' ,
PaymentID tinyint(3) DEFAULT '0' ,
Amount float DEFAULT '0' ,
ShipCost float DEFAULT '0' ,
TotalAmount float DEFAULT '0' ,
PRIMARY KEY (OrderID),
INDEX OrderID (OrderID)
);
/* Tao bang hp ong chi tiet mua hang qua mang */
CREATE TABLE tblorderdetails (
);
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Mot so quy nh khi thiet ke Table

6.7.4. Ten cot - Column Name
at ten cot cung giong nh at ten bang, co rat nhieu quy tac at ten (nh a trnh bay tren
phan table), nhng khuyen khch ban nen theo mot so quy tac c ban sau:
Ten cot bat au ch hoa, con lai bang ch thng.
Ten ngan gon va ay u y ngha.
Khong nen at ten cot co khoang trang, sau nay ban se gap nhng phien toai khi tham
chieu en cot o.
Khong at ten cot trung vi nhng t khoa, t danh rieng, va nhng ky t ac biet nh
nhng phep toan hay toan t khac.
Chu y, nen at ten cot cung ten nhng cot co quan he vi nhng bang khac trong cung c s
d lieu, giup de hieu va tranh b nham lan.
Mot so ngi thch them vao dau gach chan (_) e phan biet y ngha hay ten goi cua cot, ieu
nay la tuy vao s thch cua ban. Tuy nhien chung toi khong thch qui tac nay.
Nhng oi vi kinh nghiem lap thiet ke xay dng c s d lieu th ban khong nen dung dau
gach di _, va d nhien trong nhieu trng hp khac ban se cam thay kho chu khi them mot dau _
trong ten cua oi tng cua c s d lieu.
Mac du khong co van e g cho cu phap hay cac phat bieu tham chieu en chung, nhng ban se
thay tai sao chung ta khong nen dung dau gach chan (_) khi at ten oi tng hay ten c s d lieu
trong MySQL.
Neu ban at ten co dau _ ,ban phai ton thi gian hay nang lng cho hanh ong tao ra dau _
Trong chng mc hay gii han nao o do hieu ng cua Font ch co the phat sinh loi se gay
ra nham lan cho ngi lap trnh.
Noi tom lai la ban se mat them thi gian lu tam en chung.
6.7.5. Kieu d lieu - Data type

Nh a trnh bay cac lai d lieu trong phan tren, khi xay dng c s d lieu, tat ca nhng
trng trong bang can phai co kieu d lieu cu the. Van e quan trong la chon kieu d lieu nao cho
phu hp vi d lieu ma ngi dung se nhap vao.
e thiet ke d lieu phu hp vi thc te, ngoai tnh ng dung hp vi ng canh ban cung can
quan tam en kieu d lieu tng thch va chieu dai cua tng cot. Chang han nh:
[CustID] [varchar] (10)
/* hay */
[CustID] int
6.7.6. Gia tr mac nh - Default

Thong thng khi tao ra mot cot trong bang oi khi chung ta can ap dung gia tr mac nh,
khong ch cho trng hp so lieu khong nhap t ben ngoai ma con cho cac cot t ong co gia tr t
sinh. Vi nhng ly do nh vay, chung ta can co mot so gia tr mac nh cho nhng cot can thiet, v du
:
Neu cot o la so chung ta co gia tr mac nh la 0
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Neu cot o la ngay thang chung ta co gia tr mac nh la ngay nao o (nh 0000-00-00 la
CurDate())
Neu cot o co gia tr la 0 hoac 1, ban co the khai bao gia tr mac nh la 0 hoac 1
Neu cot o la chuoi chung ta co gia tr mac nh nh la 'A'
6.7.7. So t ong auto_increment

auto_increment la khai niem cc ky quan trong trong MySQL (tng ng vi Identity trong
SQL Server, Autonumber trong MS Access). Khi ban muon mot cot co gia tr tang t ong nh
AutoNumber/Identity, ban nen nh ngha cot o nh auto_increment,.
ln.
Khi s dung auto_increment lam so tang t ong th kieu d lieu la so nguyen hoac so nguyen
Trong trng hp, ban khai bao so t ong trong SQL Server, ban can phai khai bao them cac
thong so nh seed. Seed la gia tr khi au khi SQL Server t ong tang gia tr, Increament la bc
tang, no cho biet moi lan tang can bao nhieu gia tr.
V du khi tao auto_increment cho cot ItemID [Int] auto_increment, ngha la bat au so 1 va moi
lan tang 1 so. Ket qua ban se co la 1,2,3,4, ...n.
Trong phat bieu SQL cua MySQL, e tao bang co ga tr tang t ong ban ch can khai bao ten
cot, kieu d lieu Int (Integer) va auto_increment nh sau:
IDNO Int auto_increment NOT NULL
Trong giao dien o hoa ban ch can check vao tuy chon AutoIncreament nh hnh 8-10.
Hnh 8-10: Chon auto_increment
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NULL / NOT NULL

ay la trang thai cua mot cot trong bang cho phep chap nhan gia tr NULL hay khong? Neu
ban ch ra rang buoc gia tr NOT NULL th bat buoc phai co gia tr trong cot nay moi khi mau tin
c nhap vao.
oi vi mot so kieu d lieu khong cho phep NULL ban nen thiet lap gia tr mac nh cho cot
o, v du nh kieu d lieu bit khong cho phep NULL.
Trong phat bieu SQL tao bang, ban ch can khai bao NULL hay NOT NULL sau kieu d lieu
cua cot o. Trong giao dien o hoa ch can anh dau chon vao tuy chon Not NULL nh hnh 8-10.
6.8. Thay cau truc oi tng bang ALTER

Khi chung ta can thiet phai sa oi mot phan cau truc cua cac oi tng nh table (view, hay
SP trong SQL Server) v muc ch nao o, th Ban s dung phat bieu ALTER e thay oi cau truc cua
oi tng hien co:
ALTER <Object type>
<Object Name>
Khi mot bang ton tai trong c s d lieu, do nhu cau can thiet phai thay oi cau truc bang, ban
s dung phat bieu ALTER TABLE cung cac tham so cua chung nh cu phap sau:
ALTER TABLE table alteration [,alteration]
Chang han, ban co the s dung phat bieu ALTER TABLE e them mot cot ten Activate vi
kieu d lieu TinyInt co gia tr mac nh la 1.
V du 8-33: Them mot cot ten Activate vao bang tblOrders
ALTER TABLE tblorders
ADD Activate TINYINT DEFAULT "1"
Khi thay oi thiet lap gia tr mac nh cho cot ban nen quan tam en gia tr mac nh o co
phu hp cho nhng mau tin ang ton tai hay khong.
Muon thay oi gia tr mac nh cua cot cho nhng mau tin ang ton tai, ban s dung en menh
e phu nh trong v du sau:
V du 8-34: Thiet lap gia tr mac nh trong bang tblOrders

CHANGE OrderDate
OrderDate DATETIME
DEFAULT "0000-00-00"
Thay oi kieu d lieu t Date dang DateTime, ban co the khai bao nh v du 4-35 sau:
V du 8-35: Thay oi kieu d lieu
CHANGE OrderDate
OrderDate DATE
DEFAULT "0000-00-00 00:00:00"
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Mac khac, ban cung co the tao hay thay oi bang trong man hnh MySQL-Front. Ch can chon
ngan Database | R-Click | Create New Table, ca so xuat hien nh hnh 8-11.
Hnh 8-11: Giao dien tao bang bang MySQL-Front
6.9. Phat bieu SQL dang DROP

Drop la phat bieu thc hien phep xoa. DROP dung e xoa oi tng cua c s d lieu nh bang,
c s d lieu, ...Cu phap cua phat bieu DROP:
DROP <Object type> <Object name> [, .... n]
Ban co the xoa c s d lieu, bang cach khai bao nh sau:

Drop Database Test
/* Phat bieu DROP TABLE ch ro bang nao can xoa,
neu xoa nhieu bang th ban can dung dau phay (,) */
DROP TABLE tblCustomers, tblSuppliers
Ngoai ra, ban cung co the dung MySQl-Front e xoa bang hay cac oi tng Table trong c s
d lieu ch nh. Neu chon nhieu bang cung mot luc ban s dung phm Control hay Shift nh sau:
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Hnh 8-12: Chon oi tng e xoa bang trong MySQL-Front
7. TAO KCH BAN SQL- SQL SCRIPTS

Thong thng khi xay dng c s d lieu e phat trien ng dung, oi khi ban can chuyen c s
d lieu t may nay sang may khac, hay t khu vc nay hay en khu vc khac.
Co rat nhieu cach e lam ieu nay, ay chung toi gii thieu en cac ban mot cong cu tai tao
lai c s d lieu mi t kch ban cua c s d lieu goc.
Kch ban SQL (SQL Script) la tong hp tat ca cac phat bieu SQL dung e tao ra c s d lieu
trong qua trnh xay dng chung, chung lu tr di dang van ban co ten m rong .sql (cautruc.sql).
Cong cu nay tao kch ban cho tat ca cac oi tng cua c s d lieu vi nhng thuoc tnh can
ban. Tuy nhien, neu ban chon vao tuy chon Data, SQL Script bao gom cac phat bieu SQL dang Insert
cung vi d lieu trong bang.
Trc tien ban co the nhan thay ca so cong cu nay trong MySQL-Front, bang cach chon ten c
s d lieu Test, sau o chon Tools / Im-Export / Export Table, ca so xuat hien nh hnh 8-13 sau:
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Hnh 8-13: Tao kch ban trong MySQl-Front

KET CHNG
Trong chng nay, chung toi a gii thieu vi ban hau het cac phat bieu SQL thuoc loai nh
ngha c s d lieu, thao tac d lieu nh Select, Insert, Delete va Update.
Phat bieu SQL dang Select vi cac menh e nh JOIN cung phep toan gia hai hay nhieu bang
trong phat bieu SQL dang SELECT.
Ngoai ra, chung toi cung trnh bay hai loai phat bieu SQL dang nh ngha va thay o c s d
lieu tao nh CREATE va ALTER, DROP.
PHP VA DATABASE
9-1
Mon hoc: PHP

BAI 9: PHP VA DATABASE
e ket noi c s d lieu mySQL trong PHP, chung ta co nhieu cach

ng vi nhieu phng thc ket noi c s d lieu, trong phan nay chung ta
tap trung tm hieu cach ket noi c s d lieu mySQL t PHP bang chnh
goi cua no.
Nhng
9
9
9
9
9
van e chnh se c e cap trong bai hoc nay

Khai bao ket noi c s d lieu
Them mau tin
Cap nhat mau tin.
Xoa mau tin
Truy van d lieu
1. KET NOI C S D LIEU

e ket noi c s d lieu mySQL ban s dung khai bap nh sau:
<?php
$link = mysql_connect ("localhost", "root", "")
or die ("Could not connect to MySQL Database");
mysql_select_db("TestDB", $link);
?>
Trong o khai bao sau la ket noi c s d lieu mySQL vi ten server/ip cung vi username va
password:
mysql_connect ("localhost", "root", "")
Va mysql_select_db("TestDB", $link); e chon ten c s d lieu sau khi m ket noi c s d lieu, neu
bien $link co gia tr la false th ket noi c s d lieu khong thanh cong.
Sau khi m ket noi c s d lieu ma khong s dung th ban co the ong ket noi c s d lieu vi cu
phap nh sau:
mysql_close($link);
Chang han, ban khai bao trang connection.php e ket noi c s d lieu va ong ket noi ngay
sau khi m thanh cong.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>::Welcome to PHP and mySQL</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Mo va dong ket noi CSDL MySQL
<?php
mysql_select_db("InterShop", $link);
mysql_close($link);
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PHP VA DATABASE
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
9-2
2. THEM MAU TIN

e them mau tin, ban s dung ham mysql_query(chuoi Insert). Chang han, chung ta khai bao
trang insert.php e them mau tin vao bang tblships co hai cot d lieu la ShipID va ShipName nh v
du trong trang insert.php.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h3>Them mau tin</h3>
<?php
require("dbcon.php");
$sql="insert into tblships values('A01','Testing')";
$result = mysql_query($sql,$link);
$affectrow=0;
if($result)
$affectrow=mysql_affected_rows();
mysql_close($link);
?>
So mau tin them vao<?= $affectrow?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Trong o, ban s dung ham mysql_query vi hai tham so la $sql va $link. Ket qua tra ve la so
mau tin thc thi. Ngoai ra, ban co the s dung oan ket noi c s d lieu trong tap tin dbcon.php nh
v du sau:
<?php
mysql_select_db("Test", $link);
?>
Trong trng hp cho phep ngi s dung them mau tin th ban thiet ke form yeu cau ngi s
dung nhap hai gia tr sau o submit en trang ke tiep e thc thi viec them gt sau o submit en
trang ke tiep e thc thi viec them gia tr va nhap vao c s d lieu nh hnh 9-1.
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PHP VA DATABASE
9-3
Hnh 9-1: Them mau tin

e lam ieu nay, trc tien ban khai bao trang them.php, trong o khai bao oan javascript e
kiem tra d lieu nhap nh sau:
<SCRIPT language=JavaScript>
function checkInput()
{
if (document.frmPHP.txtID.value=="")
{
alert("Invalid ID, Please enter ID");
document.frmPHP.txtID.focus();
return false;
}
if (document.frmPHP.txtName.value=="")
{
alert("Please enter Name");
document.frmPHP.txtName.focus();
return false;
}
return true;
}
</script>
sau:
Ke en khai bao the form va hai the input lai text yeu cau ngi s dung nnap ID va Name nh
<form name="frmPHP" method="post"
action="doinsert.php"
onsubmit="return checkInput();">
<tr>
<td align="left" class="content-sm"><b>
Please enter ID and Name
</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" >ID:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">
<input type="text" name="txtID"
size="25" maxlength="3" class="textbox">
</td>
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PHP VA DATABASE
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" >Name:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" >
<input type="text" name="txtName"
size="25" maxlength="50" class="textbox">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"> <br>
<input type="submit"
value="Submit" class="button">
<input type="reset" value="Reset" class="button">
</td>
</tr>
</form>
9-4
Lu y rang, ban khai bao so ky t ln nhat cho phep nhap bang vi kch thc a khai bao
trong c s d lieu ng vi thuoc tnh maxlength.
Khi ngi s dung nhap hai gia tr va nhan nut submit, trang ke tiep c trieu goi. Trang nay
lay gia tr nhap bang cach s dung bien form hay $HTTP_POST_VARS. oi vi trng hp nay
chung ta s dung bien form nh trang doinsert.php.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h3>Them mau tin</h3>
<?php
$affectrow=0;
$sql="insert into tblships(ShipID,ShipName) ";
$sql .=" values('".$txtID."','".$txtName."')";
if($result)
mysql_close($link);
?>
So mau tin them vao<?= $affectrow?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
3. CAP NHAT MAU TIN

oi vi trng hp cap nhat mau tin, ban cung s dung ham mysql_query vi phat bieu Update
thay v Insert nh tren, v du chung ta khai bao trang update.php e cap nhat mau tin trong bang
tblShips vi ten la UpdateTesting khi ma co gia tr la A01.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h3>Cap nhat mau tin</h3>
<?php
$sql="Update tblships set ShipName='UpdateTesting' ";
$sql.=" where ShipID='A01'";
$affectrow=0;
if($result)
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PHP VA DATABASE
mysql_close($link);
?>
So mau tin cap nhat <?= $affectrow?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
9-5
Lu y rang, e biet so mau tin a thc thi bi phat bieu SQL ban s dung ham
mysql_affected_rows.
if($result)
Tng t nh tren, ban co the thiet ke form cho phep ngi s dung cap nhat d lieu bang cach
thiet ke form yeu cau ngi s dung nhap ma va ten cap nhan.
Trc tien thiet ke from cho phep nhap d lieu e cap nhat nh v du trang capnhat.php, sau
khi hoc phan truy van xong, thaqy v nhap ma ban cho phep ngi s dung chon trong danh sach a
co nh hnh 9-2.
Hnh 9-2: Cap nhat d lieu

Sau khi ngi s dung nhan nut submit, trang doupdate.php se trieu goi, ket qua tra ve 1 hay 0
mau tin.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<?php
$affectrow=0;
$sql="update tblships set ShipName='";
$sql .=$txtName."' where ShipID='".$txtID."'";
if($result)
mysql_close($link);
?>
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PHP VA DATABASE
</BODY>
</HTML>
9-6
4. XOA MAU TIN

Tng t nh vay khi xoa mau tin, ban ch thay oi phat bieu SQL dang Delete nh v du trong
tap tin delete.php.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h3>Xoa mau tin</h3>
<?php
$sql="Delete From tblships where ShipID='A01'";
$affectrow=0;
if($result)
mysql_close($link);
?>
So mau tin da xoa <?= $affectrow?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
oi vi trng hp xoa th n gian hn, ban ch can biet c ma can xoa, chnh v vay trong
trng hp nay chung ta ch can thiet ke trang cho phep nhap ma nh hnh 9-3.
Hnh 9-3: Xoa 1 mau tin

Sau khi nhap ma can xoa, neu ngi s dung nhan nut Delete lap tc trang dodelete.php se
trieu goi va xoa mau tin tng ng.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
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PHP VA DATABASE
<BODY>
<h3>Xoa mau tin</h3>
<?php
$affectrow=0;
$sql="delete from tblships ";
$sql .=" where ShipID='".$txtID."'";
if($result)
mysql_close($link);
?>
So mau tin xoa <?= $affectrow?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
9-7
5. TRUY VAN D LIEU

e truy van d lieu ban s dung ham mysql_num_rows e biet c so mau tin tra ve va ham
mysql_fetch_array e oc tng mau tin va mang sau o trnh bay gia tr t mang nay. Chang han,
chung ta tao mot tap tin lietke.php dung e liet ke danh sach mau tin trong bang tblShips nh hnh
9-4.
Hnh 9-4: Liet ke mau tin

e lam ieu nay, ban khai bao oan chng trnh oc bang d lieu tng t nh v du sau:
<?php
$totalRows = 0;
$stSQL ="select * from tblShips";
?>
Sau o, dung ham mysql_fetch_array e oc tng mau tin va in ra nh sau:

<?php
if($totalRows>0)
{
$i=0;
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array ($result))
{
$i+=1;
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PHP VA DATABASE
?>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
<?=$row["ShipID"]?> </td>
<td ><?=$row["ShipName"]?></td>
</tr>
9-8
Trong trng hp so mau tin tra ve la 0 th in ra cau thong bao khong tm thay nh sau:
<?php
}
}else{
?>
<tr valign="top">
<td > </td>
<td > <b><font face="Arial" color="#FF0000">
Oop! Ship not found!</font></b></td>
</tr>
<?php
?>
6. KET LUAN
Trong bai nay, chung ta tap trung tm hieu cach ket noi c s d lieu, them, xoa cap nhat va
liet ke mau tin. Trong bai ke tiep chung ta tm hieu nhieu cac trnh bay d lieu, xoa mau tin theo
dang mang.
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PHP VA DATABASE
9-1
Mon hoc: PHP

BAI 10: XOA, CAP NHAT D LIEU DANG MANG
Trong bai trc chung ta a lam quen vi cach xoa mau tin trong c
s d lieu mySQL. oi vi trng hp xoa mot luc nhieu mau tin, chung ta
phai xay dng trang PHP co s dung the input dang checkbox.
Nhng van e chnh se c e cap trong bai hoc nay
9 Liet ke d lieu dang danh sach
9 Xoa nhieu mau tin
9 Cap nhat nhieu mau tin
1. LIET KE D LIEU
e xoa nhieu mau tin cung mot luc, trc tien ban khai bao trang PHP e liet ke danh sach mau
tin trong mang d lieu chang han, moi mau tin xuat hien mot checkbox tng ng. Checkbox nay
co gia tr la ma nhan dang cua mau tin o. Trong trng hp nay chung ta dung cot khoa cua
ma chuyen hang (SubCateID) trong bang tblSubCategories nh ngha trong trang lietke.php nh
hnh 10-1.
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PHP VA DATABASE
9-2
Hnh 10-1: Liet ke danh sach lai san pham

e cho phep lay c nhieu gia tr chon cua san pham nh hnh tren, ban khai bao cac checkbox
nay cung ten (gia s ten la chkid) va gia tr tr la SubCateID cua moi san pham nh v du 10-1
trong trang lietke.php.
<?php
if($totalRows>0)
{
$i=0;
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array ($result))
{
$i+=1;
?>
<tr valign="top">
<td><input type=checkbox name=chkid
value="<?=$row["SubCateID"]?>"> </td>
<td><?=$row["CateID"]?> </td>
<td><?=$row["SubCateID"]?> </td>
<td ><a href="capnhat.php?id=<?=$row["SubCateID"]?>">
<?=$row["SubCateName"]?></a></td>
</tr>
<?php
}
?>
<tr valign="top">
<td colspan="4" align="middle">
<hr noshade size="1">
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td colspan=3><input type=submit value="Delete">
<input type=hidden name=from_ value="subcategories">
<input type=hidden name=type value="0">
<input type=hidden name=chon value="">
<input type=button value="New"
onclick="window.open('them.php',target='_main')"></td>
<td >Tong so mau tin <?=$i?></td>
</tr>
<?php
}else{
?>
<tr valign="top">
<td > </td><td > </td><td > </td>
<td > <b><font face="Arial" color="#FF0000">
Oop! Ship not found!</font></b></td>
</tr>
<?php
}
?>
Trong o, hai khai bao sau:

<input type=hidden name=from_ value="subcategories">
<input type=hidden name=type value="0">
<input type=hidden name=chon value="">
Cho biet ban submit t trang nao va loai xoa nhieu mau tin hay mot mau tin oi vi bang tng
ng. Muc ch cua van e nay la trang delete s dung chung cho nhieu bang khac nhau va t trang
liet ke (xoa nhieu) hoac t trang edit (1 mau tin cu the).
Ngoai ra, chung ta khai bao <input type=hidden name=chon value=""> e nhan gia tr chon tren
cach checkbox bang cach khai bao oan javascript nh sau:
<script>
function calculatechon()
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PHP VA DATABASE
{
var strchon="";
var alen=document.frmList.elements.length;
var buttons=1;
9-3
alen=(alen>buttons)?document.frmList.chkid.length:0;
if (alen>0)
{
for(var i=0;i<alen;i++)
if(document.frmList.chkid[i].checked==true)
strchon+=document.frmList.chkid[i].value+",";
}else
{
if(document.frmList.chkid.checked==true)
strchon=document.frmList.chkid.value;
}
document.frmList.chon.value=strchon;
return isok();
</script>
Tuy nhien, do nhieu loai san pham thuoc cac nhom san pham khac nhau, chnh v vay ban khai bao
danh sach nhom san pham tren the select cho phep ngi s dung liet ke sach theo nhom san
pham nh hnh 10-2.
Hnh 10-2: Liet ke danh sach loai sach

e liet ke danh sach nhom trong bang tblCategories, bang cach khai bao phng thc nhan chuoi
SQL dang Select va gia tr mac nh tra ve nhieu phan t the option trong tap tin database.php
nh v du 10-2.
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PHP VA DATABASE
function optionselected($stSQL,$item,$links)
{
$results = mysql_query($stSQL, $links);
$totalRows=mysql_num_rows($results);
$strOption="<option value=\"\" selected>";
$strOption .="--Select--</option>";
if($totalRows>0)
{
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array ($results))
{
$strOption .="<option value=\"" ;
$strOption .=$row["ID"]."\"";
if($row["ID"]==$item)
$strOption .=" selected ";
$strOption .= ">".$row["Name"];
$strOption .="</option>";
}
}
return $strOption;
}
9-4
Sau o, goi phng thc nay trong trang lietketheonhom.php nh v du 10-3.

<?php
require("database.php");
$id="";
if (isset($cateid))
$id=$cateid;
$stSQL ="select CateID As ID, CateName as Name from tblCategories ";
$strOption=optionselected($stSQL,$id,$link);
?>
<form name=frmMain method=post>
<tr>
<td align=left colspan=4>
Category: <select name=cateid onchange="document.frmMain.submit();">
<?=$strOption?>
</select></td>
<td align=right> </td>
</tr>
</form>
Lan au tien ban co the chon mac nh mot nhom hoac liet ke tat ca, khi ngi s dung chon nhom
san pham nao o th trang lietketheonhom.php se liet ke danh sach loai sach cua nhom sach o.
e lam ieu nay, ban khai bao the form vi the select nh v du 10-4.
<form name=frmMain method=post>
<tr>
<td align=left colspan=4>
Category: <select name=cateid onchange="document.frmMain.submit();">
<?=$strOption?>
</select></td>
<td align=right> </td>
</tr>
</form>
Khi ngi s dung chon cac mau tin nh hnh 10-2 va nhan nut Delete, da vao gia tr cua nut co
ten action (trong trng hp nay la Delete), ban co the khai bao bien e lay gia tr chon bang cach
khai bao nh v du 10-5.
$strid=$chon;
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$strid=str_replace(",","','",$strid);
9-5
Da vao the hidden khai bao trong cac trang trnh bay danh sach (chang an lietketheonhom.php)
mau tin nh sau:
<input name="from" type=hidden value="subcategories">
Ban co the biet t trang nao goi en trang dodelete.php e quay tr ve khi thc hien xong tac vu x
ly.
Ngoai ra, da vao gia tr cua nut action e thc hien phat bieu SQL. Chang han, trong trng hp
nay neu ngi s dung nhan hut Delete th ban khai bao nh v du 10-6 sau:
switch($strfrom)
{
case "subcategories":
$stSQL ="delete from tblsubcategories where SubCateID in('".$strid."')";
$strlocation="Location:lietketheonhom.php";
break;
case "categories":
$stSQL ="delete from tblcategories where CateID in('".$strid."')";
$strlocation="Location:nhom.php";
break;
}
Sau o, ban co the thc thi phat bieu SQL va khai bao tren nh v du 10-7.
if($stSQL!="")
{
}
Lu y rang, ban cung nen khai bao try catch trong khi lam viec vi c s d lieu. Ngoai ra, ban
cung phai xac nhan trc khi thc thi hanh ong xoa mau tin chon bang cach khai bao oan
Javascript nh sau:
<script>
function isok()
{
return confirm('Are you sure to delete?');
}
</script>
Sau o goi trong bien co onsubmit cua form nh sau:

<form action=dosql.php method=post onsubmit="return calculatechon();">
2. CAP NHAT NHIEU MAU TIN

Tng t nh trng hp Delete, khi ban duyet (approval) mot so mau tin theo mot cot d lieu nao
o, chang han, trong trng hp nay chung ta cho phep s dung nhng san pham a qua s ong y
cua nha quan ly th cot d lieu Activate cua bang tbltems co gia tr la 1.
e lam ieu nay, trc tien ban liet ke danh sach san pham nh hnh 10-3.
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9-6
Hnh 10-3: Liet ke danh sach san pham duyet hay cha
Tng t nh trong trng hp delete, ban khai bao trang doUpdate nh sau:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<?php
$strid=$chon;
$strid=str_replace(",","','",$strid);
$strfrom="";
if(isset($from_))
{
$strfrom=$HTTP_POST_VARS{"from_"};
}
$strtype="";
if(isset($type))
{
$strtype=$HTTP_POST_VARS{"type"};
}
$stSQL="";
if($strfrom<>"")
{
switch($strfrom)
{
case "items":
$stSQL ="update tblItems set Activate=1 where ItemID
in('".$strid."')";
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PHP VA DATABASE
break;
}
if($stSQL!="")
{
if($result)
mysql_close($link);
}
}
?>
</BODY>
</HTML>
9-7
3. KET LUAN
Trong bai nay, chung ta tm hieu chc nang xoa, cap nhat nhieu mau tin bang cach s dung the
input loai checkbox cung ten va khac gia tr, bai ke tiep chung ta tiep tuc tm hieu ve chc nang
ang nhap trong PHP.
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COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER

Mon hoc: PHP

1. GII THIEU PHP

3. CAU HNH NG DUNG PHP

Giao vien: Pham Hu Khang

COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER

Chon Start | Programs | Administrative Tools | Internet Information Server

Hnh 1-1: Khai bao dien giai

Hnh 1-2: Khai bao IP va Port

Giao vien: Pham Hu Khang

COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER

Hnh 1-3: Chon th muc myPHP

Hnh 1-4: Quyen truy cap

Giao vien: Pham Hu Khang

COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER

Hnh 1-5: Tao thanh cong ng dung PHP trong IIS

Hnh 1-5: Cau hnh PHP trong IIS

Giao vien: Pham Hu Khang

COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER

Hnh 1-6: Them PHP Engine

Hnh 1-7: Khai bao PHP Engine

Giao vien: Pham Hu Khang

COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER

Hnh 1-8: ng dung PHP a c khi ong

3.2. Cai at Apache Web Servr

4. Paste vao tap tin httpd.conf trong th muc

8. Sau o go tren trnh duyet http://localhost/test.php

4. GII THIEU PHP

Giao vien: Pham Hu Khang

COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER

4.2. Gii thieu

4.3. Thong dch trang PHP

Hnh 1-9: Qua trnh thong dch trang PHP

4.4. Kch ban (script)

Giao vien: Pham Hu Khang

COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER

Hnh 1-10: Ket qua trang hello.php

Lu y rang, ket thuc moi cau lenh phai dung dau ;

Giao vien: Pham Hu Khang

COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER

Hnh 1-11: Ket qua trang hello.php

Khi o trong trang PHP, thay v ban khai bao

Th ban co the khai bao nh sau:

4.5. Ghi chu trong PHP

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4.6. In ket qua tren trang PHP

$stSQLs=select * from Customers;

Chang han, khai bao echo nh v du 1-3.

Giao vien: Pham Hu Khang

COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER

Hnh 1-11: Ket qua trang hello.php

Giao vien: Pham Hu Khang

COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER

Mon hoc: PHP

Bai hoc nay chung ta se lam quen va tm hieu cu phap va mot

1. KHAI NIEM VE CU PHAP PHP

2. KHAI BAO BIEN

Chang han, khai bao nh v du 2-1 (variables.php)

Giao vien: Pham Hu Khang

COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER

True hay false

gia tr ln nhat xap x 2 ty

Lu chuoi ky t chieu dai vo han