Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
APLNG 491
Elise & Jingjing & Sherry
Prevailing arguments
Men favor more
competitive speech
styles and genres.
Prevailing arguments
Prevailing arguments
Lakoff (1975) suggested that women speak a powerless
language- uncertain, weak, excessively polite-and rely
on hedges, tag questions, emphatic stress, and
hypercorrect grammar. This language is forced on them
as the price of social approval for being appropriately
feminine.
Our argument..
Gender is not a set of traits, a variable or a role, but is
a social, historical and cultural product, constructed
relations of power, produced and reproduced in
interaction between and among men and women.
Masculinities and femininities, as well as beliefs and
ideas about relations between the sexes, may vary
across cultures as well as over time within a culture.
Harvey (1994)
Culture context: Indigenous womens access to Spanish, South America
Ideal masculinity- high value of being bilingual
Ideal femininity- firmly inside community
Inside world
Female
transmitters of
home
languages
Male
Mediator
Outside world
finance and
knowledge
Pedagogical Implication
Anglo-saxon men
More glamorous
looking
job-security
lower rates of
divorce
shift to Finnish
Finnish women
Economically
disadvantaged
Dependent on their
husbands
Forced to stay in one
spot
Pedagogical implication
Make ongoing assessment
Do ongoing adjustment
Encourage learners investment
Provide varied opportunities and resources accordingly
Socialization patterns
Gendered peer networks influence the patterns of
language use
Socialization agents influence second language
learning outcomes (textbook, social media)
Socialization patterns
Example 1
Marjorie Harness Goodwin (2006)
Interactions among a group of pre-adolescent girls in
Los Angeles
Girl's speech styles contest the generalization that
girls acquire a more supportive, cooperative style.
Socialization patterns
Internal hierarchy
Issue of orders:leaders, followers
Tag-along girl, subjected to bullying
Argue about rules
Engage in boasting: skills, possession, wealth of
families
Socialization patterns
Example 2
Woodlard (1997) case study
Gendered friendship circles in high school in Barcelona
area
Gendered friendship practices can affect the use of
bilingual repertoire.
Socialization patterns
Example 3
McGregor, 1998; Siegal & Okamoto, 1996
EFL textbooks revealed stereotyped male and female in texts and
illustrations
Chairman v.s Chair leader
man v.s human
man-made v.s manufactured
policeman/policewomen v.s police officer
Pronoun he v.s male and female
Pedagogical implication
She or he (she/he)
Each student who majors in Womens Studies major must take a course in Feminist Theory. She
or he may also get course credit for completing an internship at a local organization that
benefits women.
Gender-sensitive languages
Alternate genders and pronouns
Respond as a reader, explaining what and how you were/are thinking as you read her texts so
that she can discover where a reader might struggle with her writing.Ask him to outline the
draft to reveal the organization of the paper.Ask her to describe her purpose and audience
and show how she has taken them into account in her writing.
space
time
Culture
context
socialization
agents
power
resources
social interactions
motivation
agency
investment