Correct Welding of Main Steam Line

1. Welding shall be follow the approved WPS

A. Correct joint preparation Such as bevel, root opening, root face and cleanliness prior to welding.
B. Pre-heat temperature shall be maintained in 200 degree Celsius and verify using thermo gun or
temper crayon.
Note:
In case in Chinese standard will followed tig welding can be reducing to 50 degree Celsius of
preheat subject for verification.

The purposed of preheat is

It slows down the cooling rate of the weld and HAZ; reducing the risk of
Hardened microstructures forming; allowing absorbed hydrogen more
Opportunity of diffusing out thus reduces the potential for cracking.
Improves overall fusion characteristics during welding.
Ensures more uniform expansion and contraction; lowering stresses between
weld and parent material.

C. Heavy wall 32 mm thicknesses may be used stringer bead to reduce the heat input into a base
metal during welding.
Heat input can be calculated

Waive beads give higher heat input during welding see above formula for comparison.
D. Ensure the inter pass temperature shall be maintain in 300 degree Celsius.
E. After finishing welding PWHT can be followed

The major benefits of PWHT are reducing residual stress and ensuring that the HAZ
hardness is not too high for steels for particular service applications.

Improves the resistance of the joint to brittle fracture.

Improves the resistance of the joint to stress corrosion cracking.

The PWHT having the following parameters (This values from Chinese procedure)
Heating rate = 195 C
Holding Time= 1.5 Hours
Cooling Rate= 195 C
Holding Temperature= 740 C

Discharge Temperature= 300 C

F. Finally Radiographic Examination to0 ensure there is no defect in weld and heat affected zone
and to ensure no re-heat crack will produced after PWHT.