Hng dn gii bi tp Ha phn tch - Khoa Cng Ngh Ha Hc

CHNG 6: CHUN OXY HA KH

6.1. Cn bng cc phn ng sau bng phng php thng bng ion- electron
Fe2+ + MnO4- + H+

Fe3+ + Mn2+ + H2O

C2O42- + MnO4- + H+

Mn2+ + H2O + CO2

H2O2 +MnO4- + H+

Mn2+ + H2O + 5O2

NO2- +MnO4- + H+

Mn2+ + H2O +NO3-

Cr2O72- + I- + H+
Fe3+ + I-

I3 - +

I3- + S2O32-

Fe2+

3 I - + S 4 O6 2

a. Fe2+ + MnO4- + H+
Fe2+ - 1e

Cr3+ + I3- + H2O

Fe3+ + Mn2+ + H2O

Fe3+

x5

MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e Mn2+ + 4H2O x 1

5Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H+

b. C2O42- + MnO4- + H+

5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O

Mn2+ + H2O + CO2

MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e Mn2+ + 4H2O x 2

C2O42- -2e

2 CO2

5C2O42- + 2MnO4- + 16H+

c. H2O2 +MnO4- + H+

x5

2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 10CO2

Mn2+ + H2O + 5O2

MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e Mn2+ + 4H2O

H2 O2 -

2e

(thiu 8H+)
(tha 2H+) x 5

O2

bn phn ng kh khi nhn 2 cn 16 H+

bn phn ng oxy ha khi x 5 tha 10 H+
Sau khi quy ng s e, s ion H+ thc s thiu l 6 H+
5H2O2 +2MnO4- + 6H+
1

2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5O2

x2

Hng dn gii bi tp Ha phn tch - Khoa Cng Ngh Ha Hc

d. NO2- +MnO4- + H+

Mn2+ + H2O +NO3-

MnO4- + 5e Mn2+
NO2-

(tha 4 O)

NO3- (thiu 1 O)

-2e

x 2 Tha 8 oxy

x 5 thiu 5 oxy

Kt hp hai bn phn ng tha 3 oxy

2MnO4- + 5NO2- 2Mn2+ + 5NO3

(tha 3 oxy)

Gii quyt 3 oxy ny bng cch cho kt hp vi 6 H+

2MnO4- + 5NO2- + 6H+ 2Mn2+ + 5NO3+ 3H2O
e. Cr2O72- + I- + H+

Cr3+ + I3- + H2O

Cr2O72- + 6e + 14H+ 2Cr3+ + 7H2O

2I- -2e I2
-

I2 + I I3

3I- - 2e I3-

x3

Cr2O72- + 9I- + 14H+

f. Fe3+ + I-

2Cr3+ + 3I3- + 7H2O

I3 - +

3I- - 2e

Fe2+

I3 -

Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+
2Fe3+ + 3Ig. I3- + S2O323I- - 2e

x1

I3 -

x1
x2

I3- + 2 Fe2+
3 I- + S4O62x1

2S2O32- + 2e S4O62 x 1
I3- + 2 S2O32-

3 I - + S 4 O6 2

6.2 Vit phng trnh trao i electron ca cc h oxy ho kh sau:

a.CrO2- , H2O/Cr, OHb.SO42-,H+/H2SO3, H2O
c.AsO43-,H+/AsO33-,H2O
a. CrO2- + 3e + 2H2O Cr + 4OH2

Hng dn gii bi tp Ha phn tch - Khoa Cng Ngh Ha Hc

b, SO42- + 2e + H2SO3 (thiu 2H+ v tha 1oxy)

SO42- + 2e + 4H+ H2SO3 + H2O
c. AsO43-,H+/AsO33-,H2O
AsO43- + 2e + 2H+ AsO33- + H2O
6.4 Cho bit th oxy ha kh chun ca cc cp sau: E0 (H3AsO4/ H3AsO3)= 0,559 V: E0(
I2/I-)=0,54V
a. Phn ng s xy ra theo chiu no iu kin tiu chun
AsO 34 + 2I- + 2H+

AsO 33 + I2 + H2O

b. Phn ng s xy ra theo chiu no pH = 8

Cc bn phn ng
AsO 34 + 2e + 2H+ AsO 33 + H2O
2I- - 2e I2
Th oxy ha kh ca cp AsO 34 / AsO 33 xc nh bi phng trnh:
E = Eo +

30,059
0,059 [AsO 4 ]
lg [H+]2 +
lg
2
2
[AsO 33- ]

Th iu kin chun l th khi:

[AsO 34 ] = [AsO 33 ] = 1(M) v [H+]= 100 (M).
. dktc E0 (H3AsO4/ H3AsO3)= 0,559 V > E0( I2/I-)=0,54V
Nn phn ng xy ra theo chiu thun
Khi pH=8.

30,059
0,059 [AsO 4 ]
+ 2
E=E +
lg [H ] +
lg
2
2
[AsO 33- ]

Th chun iu kin Eo' pH = 8 l th khi:

[AsO 34 ] = [AsO 33 ] = 1(M) v [H+]= 10-8 (M).
Eo'= Eo

0,059 2
pH = 0,57 0,059 8 = 0,098V
2

NH vy pH =8 , [AsO 34 ] = [AsO 33 ] = 1(M) c Eo=0.098v < E0( I2/I-)=0,54V. Nn I2

s phn ng vi AsO 33 . Phn ng trn s xy ra theo chiu ngc.
6.5. Th oxy ho kh chun ca cp Ag+/Ag l 0,8V. Tnh th oxy ho kh chun iu
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Hng dn gii bi tp Ha phn tch - Khoa Cng Ngh Ha Hc

kin ca cp Ag+/Ag khi c mt Cl iu kin chun : Ag+ + 1e

Ag
(1)

Khi c mt Cl- Ag+ + Cl-

AgCl
Ag + Cl-

Bn phn ng tr thnh AgCl + 1e

(2)

Trong dung dch E ca cc cp oxy ha kh lin hp trong dung dch bng nhau v bng
E ca dung dch . Do so (1) v (2)

l th chun ca cp {AgCl / Ag, Cl- } v l th chun iu kin ca cp

Ag+/Ag khi c mt Cl=>
6.7. Vit phng trnh phn ng kh MnO4- trong cc mi trng axit mnh, trung tnh
v baz mnh. V tnh ng lng gam ca MnO4- trong mi trng hp.
Trong mi trng axit mnh: ion MnO4- b kh thnh Mn2+ khng mu
MnO4- + 5e- + 8H+

Mn2+ + 4H2O

MnO4=MMnO4/5

Trong mi trng axit yu, trung tnh hoc kim yu, ion MnO4- b kh thnh MnO2
MnO4- + 3e- + 4H+

MnO2 + 2H2O

MnO4- + 3e- + 2H2O

MnO4=MMnO4/3

MnO2 + 4OH-

Trong mi trng kim mnh, ion MnO4- b kh thnh manganat.

MnO4- + 1e-

MnO42-

MnO4=MMnO4/1

6.8. Gii thch ti sao KMnO4 khng phi l cht gc? Ti sao ch xc nh chun ca
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Hng dn gii bi tp Ha phn tch - Khoa Cng Ngh Ha Hc

KMnO4 vi ngy sau khi pha ch?

KMnO4 l cht rn c tnh oxy ha mnh, tinh th mu tm en v thng c tp cht,
ch yu l MnO2. Khi ha tan trong nc KMnO4 c th b phn hy bi vt cc cht kh
c trong nc nh cc cht hu c theo bi ri vo nc to thnh MnO2. V vy sau khi
pha ch xong, nng dung dch gim dn, phi sau 7 10 ngy nng dung dch mi
n nh. Nu un nng dung dch KMnO4, qu trnh oxy ha xy ra nhanh, sau vi gi c
th lc b kt ta v c dung dch KMnO4 c nng n nh.
dung dch KMnO4 c bn v nng ca n khng thay i, cn phi lc b
kt ta MnO2 c ln trong dung dch v chng c tc dng xc tc lm tng s phn hy
tip tc ca KMnO4 :
KMnO4 + H2O = MnO2

+ 4KOH + 3O2

(1)

Cng nn ch pemanganat oxy ha c cao su, nt bc v giy, Do khng lc

KMnO4 qua giy lc m phi lc bng chn lc thy tinh, hoc tch dung dch khi kt
ta MnO2 bng ng xiphng.
Bo qun dung dch KMnO4 trong ti, hoc trong chai mu ti v nh sng lm tng
nhanh s phn hy ca KMnO4 theo phng trnh (1)
6.9. Tnh khi lng KMnO4 ( M= 158 ; P=95% ) cn pha 100ml KMnO4 1N.
Tnh th tch KMnO4 1N cn ly pha c 100ml KMnO4 0,05N. Bit KMnO4
c s dng l cht chun trong mi trng axit mnh.
- Cng thc m = VNM/10ZP. (Z=5)
- (VN) = (VN)s
S: 3,33g; 5ml
6.10. Tnh khi lng H2C2O4.2H2O ( M=126,07 ; 99,5% ) pha 100 ml H2C2O4 chun
0,05N dng trong phng php Permanganat
S: 0,3168g
6.11. Trnh by cch pha ch 2 lt H2SO4 6N t H2SO4 m c 98% d=1,84.
- Tnh s ml H2SO4 cn dng V (ml) = VNM/10ZPd (Z=2)=326ml
- Dung dch H2SO4 6N thng c dng lm mi trng nn khi pha ch khng cn
5

Hng dn gii bi tp Ha phn tch - Khoa Cng Ngh Ha Hc

phi qu chnh xc. C th dng ng ong ong 320 325ml H2SO4 6N, Chun b mt
bnh ln khong 4-5 lt , cho sn vo khong 1 lt nc ct. t ton b vo mt thau
nc ( lm ngui khi rt acid vo). Rt t t acid vo nc ct tng t mt, khuy u.
Nu nc lm ngui nng qu th thay nc khc. Rt n ht acid. Sau cho thm
nc cho 2 lt
6.12. Ly 10ml dung dch H2C2O4 0,05N thm vo 5ml H2SO4 6N v 10ml nc ct.
un nng dung dch ri chun bng dung dch KMnO4 trn th tn ht 9,7 ml.
Tnh nng ng lng ca dung dch KMnO4 v chun ca KMnO4 theo Fe.
NKmnO4 = (NV)H2C2O4 /VKmnO4 =0.0515N
Phn ng vi Fe2+ 5Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H+

5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O

TKNMnO4/Fe = NKmnO4 x Fe/1000 = 2.8896 /1000 = 2.9 mg/l

S: 0,0516N; 2,8896mg/ml
6.13. Nng ng lng ca pemanganat bng 0,022N. chun ca n theo H 2C2O4
, theo st, theo H2O2 bng bao nhiu?
Tnh tng t nh trn
5Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H+

5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O

5C2O42- + 2MnO4- + 16H+

2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 10CO2

5H2O2 + 2MnO4- + 6H+

2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5O2

S: 0,99mg/ml; 1,232mg/ml; 0,374mg/ml

6.14. Tnh lng phn trm st trong dy st, cho bit khi ha tan 0,1400g dy st trong
H2SO4 m khng cho tip xc vi khng kh v chun dung dch FeSO4 thu c cn
24,85 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,1000N?
Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2 (khng to thnh Fe3+)
Chun dd FeSO4
5Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H+

5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O

S g st trong dy st = s gam ion Fe tham gia phn ng vi MnO4 (%) Fe = [mFe x (NV)KmnO4 x 100]: mmau
= [56 x 10-3 x (24.85 x 0.1) x 100 ]/0.14 =99.4%
S: 99,4%
6.15. phn tch, cn ly bao nhiu qung c cha khang 70% Fe2O3 sau khi ch
ha xong v chun mui st II thu c cn dng 20 30 ml KMnO4 0,1N.
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Hng dn gii bi tp Ha phn tch - Khoa Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Fe2O3 Fe2+ Chun ht (NV)KMnO4

S g Fe trong qung = (NV)KmnO4 x 10-3 x Mfe
S g Fe2O3 tng ng = (NV)KmnO4 x 10-3 x Mfe x (MFe2O3/2MFe)
S g qung tng ng = (NV)KmnO4 x 10-3 x (MFe2O3/2) x(100/a) (a : %Fe2O3 c trong
qung)
VKmnO4=20ml mquang = 0.2286g
VKmnO4=30ml mquang = 0.3429g
6.16. Ngi ta ch ha 0,2000 g qung c cha MnO2 vi mt lng d hn hp H2C2O4
v H2SO4. Lng axit oxalic ly l 25,00 ml v chun lng axit oxalic cn d
khng tham gia phn ng cn 20,00ml dung dch KMnO4 0,02N. Tnh thnh phn phn
trm mangan trong qung, bit rng mun chun 25,00ml dung dch H2C2O4 cn
45,00ml dung dch KMnO4.
C2O42- + MnO2+ 4H+

Mn2+ + 2H2O + 2CO2

5C2O42- + 2MnO4- + 16H+

2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 10CO2

- Tnh nng dung dch H2C2O4 t chun 25,00ml dung dch H2C2O4 cn 45,00ml
dung dch KMnO4 nng 0.02N NH2C2O4 = 0.036N
- S g MnO2 trong qung = mMnO2 x [(NV)H2C2O4 (NV)MnO4]
- S g Mn trong qung = (MMn x10-3/2) x [(NV)H2C2O4 (NV)MnO4]
% Mn = (MMn x10-3/2) x [(NV)H2C2O4 (NV)MnO4]x 100/mmau
= 6,875%
6.17. Hi c bao nhiu gam canxi trong 250,0ml dung dch CaCl2 , nu sau khi cho
40,00ml dung dch H2C2O4 0,10 N vo 25,00ml dung dch CaCl2 v sau khi tch kt ta
CaC2O4 c to thnh, cn dng 15,00ml dung dch KMnO4 0,02N chun H2C2O4
d khng tham gia phn ng.
Phn ng :
C2O42- + Ca2+ = CaC2O4
Tch kt ta chun H2C2O4 d
5C2O42- + 2MnO4- + 16H+

2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 10CO2

K thut chun ngc :

mCa+ = (MCa x10-3/2) x [(NV)H2C2O4 (NV)MnO4] x (250/25) = 0.74g
6.18. Ti sao khi xc nh cht oxy ha bng phng php iot li phi dng d nhiu KI?
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Hng dn gii bi tp Ha phn tch - Khoa Cng Ngh Ha Hc

V ha tan ca I2 trong nc rt b, nn dng dung dch KI lm dung mi ha tan

I2, do I2 to phc vi KI theo phng trnh : KI + I2 KI3. V vy phi cho d KI.
6.19. Cn ly mt lng K2Cr2O7 bng bao nhiu xc nh chun ca dung dch
Na2S2O3 c nng khong 0,1 N, nu ta c bnh nh mc 200ml v pipet 10ml v ta c
gng sao cho c th tch dung dch thiosunfat dng chun iot thot ra khong
25ml?
Cch 1:
Theo gi thuyt : cn m g K2Cr2O7 , Vm=200ml v Vxd =10ml v chun bng dung
dch thiosunfat VNa 2s2o3 =25 .
S ng lng gam K2Cr2O7 c trong m g K2Cr2O7 l :
mK2Cr2O7 / K2Cr2O7
Nng ng lng dung dch K2Cr2O7 em chun :
(mK2Cr2O7 / K2Cr2O7)* (1000/200)
Theo nh lut ng lng
(mK2Cr2O7 / K2Cr2O7)* (1000/200) * (10) = 25 * 0.1
mK2Cr2O7
Cch 2: C th i t cng thc
mK2Cr2O7 = mDK2Cr2O7 * (NV)Na2S2O3 * (Vdm/Vxd)
Vi Vdm = 200ml Vxd= 10ml
S: 2,45g
6.20. C bao nhiu gam clo trong mt lt nc clo, nu mun chun lng iot thot ra
khi cho 25ml nc clo tc dng vi dung dch KI cn phi dng 20,10ml dung dch
thiosunfat 0,1100N?
Phn ng : Cl2 + KI = I2 + KCl
I2 + Na2S2O3 = 2NaI + Na2S2O3
mCl2 = mDCl2 * ((NV)Na2S2O3 * (1000/25) = 3,139g