HUNTER ALLENS

8 WEEK POWER TRAINING PLAN

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Greetings!

Hunter Allen is internationally known

as one of the top experts in power
meter coaching. He founded Peaks
Coaching Group (PCG) in 1996 to
focus on developing the artful science

Hi, I am Hunter Allen and your coach for the next eight weeks. I built this plan using all of the same
power training principles and coaching philosophies that I use with my personal clients. I have spent
years coaching riders at every level and have worked with thousands of clients in over 15 countries. I
have developed software (TrainingPeaks WKO+), written books on training with power, and taught
over 500 coaches the secrets of power training and data analysis. Along the way, I have learned many
things about success in cycling. I have learned that you can produce more watts by blending science,
data analysis, and a power meter. Combining those secrets with my own personal coaching
philosophies can raise your wattage output even more. Follow this guide with a clear conviction,
continual focus, and dogged determination, and I know you will become faster, stronger, and more
powerful.
Prepare to succeed!
Hunter Allen

of efficient power training for which

PCG

is

still

known

today.

As a former professional cyclist,

power coach, co-author of the book
Training and Racing with a Power
Meter, and co-developer of Training
Peaks WKO software, Hunter has
been deeply involved in all aspects of
data-based training, from user to

Introduction
Welcome to your training plan designed to improve your functional threshold power, enhance your
endurance, and prepare you for those weekend races, group rides, and even gran fondos. This plan
will be challenging yet realistic. It is built to give you just the right amount of work when you can
handle it, along with rest so that you can adapt and improve. Make sure you have a solid foundation
of training before you embark on this plan. Rest weeks come every fourth week, but feel free to take
a rest week sooner if you need to. Keep in mind that it is ideal to complete the workouts in the order
planned, but that it is OK to move them around.

application builder to educator. He

has now coached over 400 athletes,

and learns something new from each
one.

SPECIAL THANKS to Dr. Andy Coggan for generously allowing us to incorporate some of his articles and tables.

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GETTING STARTED WITH TRAINING WITH POWER

First and foremost, you need to start some formal testing with it. The very first test you should do is a test in which you just start to find out how the
thing works and establish your 'fitness baseline'.
Three easy steps:
1. Test FUNCTIONAL THRESHOLD POWER (FTP)
2. Establish Training Zones
3. Follow the included plan

STEP 1: TEST FUNCTIONAL THRESHOLD POWER OR THRESHOLD HEART RATE

POWER USER:
So, how do you go about determining your functional threshold power (FTP)? One way is with laboratory testing and invasive blood sampling, but
few people have access to such testing on a regular basis. In addition, power at lactate threshold determined in this manner is often significantly
below what athletes and coaches tend to think of as a threshold. A more convenient and possibly more accurate way of determining your FTP is to
simply rely on data collected using your power meter in the field. There are a number of different ways of doing so, each of which has its advantages
and disadvantages, but all of which provide very similar estimates of threshold power. FTP is your best one-hour average power, which is difficult to
test directly on a regular basis. One hour is a long time (when you are on the limit), and in many places it might be difficult to find an uninterrupted
section of road thats long enough. With this in mind, the test that I give my athletes is the 20-minute test, which is a great proxy for the hour test, if
you subtract 5% from your 20-minute average. This number will be close to your FTP for an hour, and a 20-minute test is infinitely more doable than
an hour test! If you already have a good amount of power data, you should be able to find your FTP in the data. Below are two other methods to
find your FTP. Use whichever is best for you right now.

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1. Monthly 20-Minute Test

The monthly 20-minute test does not have to be done monthly as the name implies. However, you should definitely test every six weeks at
minimum. The test is a great workout in and of itself, so dont think that you are losing anything by completing it.
Begin with a 20-minute warm-up, and then do three fast pedaling efforts of 100rpm for one minute each and with one minute between each
effort. These are to help open up the legs and finish warming up the muscles. After the fast pedaling, ride for three minutes easy at under 150
watts. The next effort is a test of your anaerobic capacity: Do (2) x 1 minute efforts with five minutes between each. Start out of the saddle
and accelerate hard up to speed, really pushing until you explode at the end of the minute. This is a great test to see what your peak oneminute power is, so that when you repeat this later in the plan, youll have a reference point. Its also meant to pre-fatigue your anaerobic
system so that your average power at the end of your 20-minute test will be closer to your one-hour power.
Ride easy for 10 minutes or till fully recovered.
Finally, its time for a 20-minute time trial! Again, remember that your goal is to produce the best average power you can for the entire 20
minutes, so dont start out too hard and blow up in the first five minutes. Its important that you really give it your all. Focus and push hard!
If possible, do this on a climb or on a flat road. If you have a rolling road, its hard to get a good average because your power tends to drop on
the down hills. It might be best to do the test indoors if you live in a highly populated area. Just make sure you are always being consistent
with your test, and you use the same location for the next one.
Cool down for 15-30 minutes of easy pedaling
2. Review Past Power Data
You can often get a good estimate of your functional threshold power by simply uploading all of your training data into TrainingPeaks WKO+
and then examining the power frequency distribution on your Athlete Home Page. Because exercising above threshold power is quite
strenuous and there is a limit to how long you can do so, there will often be a rather noticeable drop-off above this point in this graph. (This
same approach works even better for identifying an individual's spontaneously-achieved maximal heart rate, thus reducing or even
eliminating the need for formal testing!) Of course, this method works best if the time period being examined includes some high-intensity
training and/or racing, which serves to clarify the distinction between sub-threshold and supra-threshold efforts. Also, sometimes the dropoff in time spent above threshold power is more apparent when the width of each power bin is reduced from the default of 20W to a
smaller value like 5W or 10W. TrainingPeaks WKO+ has been specifically designed with customizable graphs to make this analysis possible.

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3. Review Normalized Power Data from a Race

Perhaps an even more precise way of determining your threshold power, yet one which still doesn't require any formal testing, is to examine
your normalized power from hard mass-start races that are approximately an hour long. Because TrainingPeaks WKO+ automatically
calculates normalized power even if you haven't yet entered a value for your threshold power, using the program to analyze several race files
may be the quickest way to get a good estimate of your threshold power.
4. Full FTP Testing
By definition, the best measure of performance is performance itself. Therefore, the most direct way to estimate of your sustainable
(threshold) power is to simply do a one-hour time trial. By examining the horizontal graph of the data from such a TT in TrainingPeaks WKO+
(perhaps with a little smoothing applied), you will be able to quickly tell whether your effort was well-paced, or if perhaps you started out too
hard and then later faded, resulting in an average power somewhat lower than your true threshold power. Entering your local 40k time trial
is a great way to get a clean number (make sure you ride the event on your road bike, TT Bikes can reduce power output).
Since one goal of any training program is to increase power at threshold, you should periodically reassess the FTP value you have entered into
TrainingPeaks WKO+ to be certain it is still accurate. (In particular, an intensity factor of more than 1.05 - meaning that normalized power is more
than 5% greater than threshold power - during a one-hour mass-start race is often evidence that threshold power is greater than the value entered
into the program.) How often threshold power will change significantly depends in part on an individual's training history and habits - for example,
someone who is just beginning or returning to cycling may see large and rapid changes in threshold power, whereas an experienced rider who has
been training for many years and/or maintains a high level of conditioning year-round will probably experience much less variation. In general,
however, it is sufficient to assess threshold power a few times per year (e.g., near the start of training as a baseline, partway through the precompetition period to track improvement, and during the season to determine when peak fitness is achieved).

STEP 2: ESTABLISH TRAINING ZONES

With more and more cyclists using power meters, there is more demand for power-based training programs akin to those used with heart rate
monitors. To help meet this demand, a series of power-based training levels, or zones, are built directly into TrainingPeaks WKO+ software. These
training levels, described below, were developed using principles of exercise physiology and extensive lab and field testing.
Basis for system/number of levels:
Power at lactate threshold (LT) is the most important physiological determinant of endurance cycling performance, because it integrates VO2 max,
the percentage of VO2 max that can be sustained for a given duration, and cycling efficiency. Therefore, it is ideal to define training zones according
to an athletes threshold power. Seven different levels represent the full range of physiological responses to power exertion and adequately describe
the different types of training required for competitive cycling. The table below lists the primary physiological adaptations expected to result from
training at each level, although these will obviously be influenced by initial fitness, the duration of each workout, and time off between each interval.
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POWER TRAINING LEVELS FOR CYCLISTS

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POWER TRAINING LEVEL FOR TRIATHLETES

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Table 1 - Power Based Training Levels (Coggan Power Zones)

Level

Name

Avg.
Power

Avg. HR

Perceived
Exertion

Description

Active Recovery

<55%

<68

<2

"Easy spinning" or "light pedal pressure", i.e., very low level exercise, too low in and of itself to induce significant physiological
adaptations. Minimal sensation of leg effort/fatigue. Requires no concentration to maintain pace, and continuous conversation
possible. Typically used for active recovery after strenuous training days (or races), between interval efforts, or for socializing.

Endurance

56-75%

69-83%

2-3

"All day" pace, or classic long slow distance (LSD) training. Sensation of leg effort/fatigue generally low, but may rise
periodically to higher levels (e.g., when climbing). Concentration generally required to maintain effort only at highest end of
range and/or during longer training sessions. Breathing is more regular than at level 1, but continuous conversation still
possible. Frequent (daily) training sessions of moderate duration (e.g., 2 h) at level 2 possible (provided dietary carbohydrate
intake is adequate), but complete recovery from very long workouts may take more than 24 hrs.

Tempo

76-90%

84-94%

3-4

Typical intensity of fartlek workout, 'spirited' group ride, or briskly moving paceline. More frequent/greater sensation of leg
effort/fatigue than at level 2. Requires concentration to maintain alone, especially at upper end of range, to prevent effort
from falling back to level 2. Breathing deeper and more rhythmic than level 2, such that any conversation must be somewhat
halting, but not as difficult as at level 4. Recovery from level 3 training sessions more difficult than after level 2 workouts, but
consecutive days of level 3 training still possible if duration is not excessive and dietary carbohydrate intake is adequate.

Lactate
Threshold

91-105%

95-105%(may
not be
achieved
during initial
phases of
effort(s))

4-5

Just below to just above TT effort, taking into account duration, current fitness, environmental conditions, etc. Essentially
continuous sensation of moderate or even greater leg effort/fatigue. Continuous conversation difficult at best, due to
depth/frequency of breathing. Effort sufficiently high that sustained exercise at this level is mentally very taxing - therefore
typically performed in training as multiple 'repeats', 'modules', or 'blocks' of 10-30 min duration. Consecutive days of training at
level 4 possible, but such workouts generally only performed when sufficiently rested/recovered from prior training so as to be
able to maintain intensity.

VO2 Max

106-120%

>106%

6-7

Typical intensity of longer (3-8 min) intervals intended to increase VO2max. Strong to severe sensations of leg effort/fatigue,
such that completion of more than 30-40 min total training time is difficult at best. Conversation not possible due to often
'ragged' breathing. Should generally be attempted only when adequately recovered from prior training - consecutive days of
level 5 work not necessarily desirable even if possible.

Anaerobic
Capacity

>121%

N/A

>7

Short (30 s to 3 min), high intensity intervals designed to increase anaerobic capacity. Heart rate generally not useful as guide
to intensity due to non-steady-state nature of effort. Severe sensation of leg effort/fatigue, and conversation impossible.
Consecutive days of extended level 6 training usually not attempted.

Neuromuscular
Power

N/A

N/A
(Maximal)

Very short, very high intensity efforts (e.g., jumps, standing starts, short sprints) that generally place greater stress on
musculoskeletal rather than metabolic systems. Power useful as guide, but only in reference to prior similar efforts, not TT
pace.

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Table 2 - Expected physiological/performance adaptations resulting from training at levels 1-7:

1

Increased plasma volume

Increased muscle mitochondrial enzymes
Increased lactate threshold
Increased muscle glycogen storage
Hypertrophy of slow twitch muscle fibers
Increased muscle capillarization
Interconversion of fast twitch muscle fibers
(type IIb -> type IIa)
Increased stroke volume/maximal cardiac
output
Increased VO2 Max
Increased muscle high energy phosphate
(ATP/PCr) Stores
Increased anaerobic capacity ("lactate
tolerance")
Hypertrophy of fast twitch fibers
Increased neuromuscular power

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8 WEEK FTP BUILDER TRAINING PLAN

BY HUNTER ALLEN

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APPENDIX

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WHAT IS FTP & HOW DO I MEASURE IT?

Threshold power: what is it, why is it important, and how do I measure it?
Andrew R. Coggan, Ph.D.
For more than 30 years, exercise physiologists have known that the exercise intensity at which lactate begins to accumulate in a person's blood - that
is, their lactate threshold (LT) - is a powerful predictor of their endurance performance ability. This is because although an individual's cardiovascular
fitness, i.e., their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) sets the upper limit to their rate of aerobic energy production, it is their metabolic fitness, i.e.,
their LT, that determines the percentage or fraction of their VO2max that can they can utilize for any given period of time. The physiological factors
determining LT are complex, but in this context blood lactate levels essentially serve as an indirect marker for biochemical events within exercising
muscle. More specifically, a person's LT reflects the ability of their muscles to match energy supply to energy demand, which in turn determines the
fuel "mix" (i.e., carbohydrate vs. fat) used and the development of muscle fatigue. Consequently, LT - especially when expressed as a power output,
which also takes into account cycling efficiency - is the single most important physiological determinant of performance in events ranging from as
short as a 3 km pursuit to as long as a 3 week stage race. Just as importantly, because the metabolic strain experienced when exercising at a given
intensity is dependent upon the power output relative to power at LT, this parameter provides a physiologically sound basis around which to design
any power meter-based training program.
TrainingPeaks WKO+ software explicitly recognizes the crucial importance of power at LT by allowing you to enter a value for your current "threshold
power" (and threshold heart rate) into your "Athlete Settings" file. This value is then used to calculate the intensity factor and training stress score
for every file you analyze [see "What are normalized power, intensity factor (IF), and training stress score (TSS)?"]. In addition, if you wish
TrainingPeaks WKO+ will use your threshold power to automatically calculate seven suggested training ranges, or levels. Alternatively, TrainingPeaks
WKO+ also allows to custom define your own power-based training levels.
So, how do you go about determining your threshold power? Obviously, one way is via laboratory testing with invasive blood sampling, but few
people have access to such testing on a regular basis. In addition, power at LT as determined in this manner is often significantly below what athletes
and coaches tend to think of as a "threshold". A more convenient and possibly more accurate way of determining your functional threshold power is
therefore to simply rely on data collected using your power meter in the field. There are a number of different ways of doing so, each of which has its
advantages and disadvantages, but all of which provide very similar estimates of threshold power. In order of increasing complexity, these are:
A good estimate of your functional threshold power can often be obtained by simply uploading all of your training data into TrainingPeaks WKO+,
and then examining the power frequency distribution found on your "Athlete Home Page". Because exercising above threshold power is quite
strenuous and there is a limit to how long you can do so, there will often be a rather noticeable drop-off above this point in this graph. (This same

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approach works even better for identifying an individual's spontaneously-achieved maximal heart rate - thus reducing or even eliminating the need
for formal testing!) Of course, this method works best if the time period being examined includes some high intensity training and/or racing, which
serves to make the distinction between sub-threshold and supra-threshold efforts more distinct. Also, sometimes the drop-off in time spent above
threshold power is more apparent when the width of each power "bin" is reduced from the default of 20 W to a smaller value, e.g., 5 or 10 W.
TrainingPeaks WKO+ has been specifically designed to allow you to customize graphs, to make such analyses possible.
Another way of estimating your threshold power without performing any formal testing is to simply evaluate the steady power that you can routinely
produce in training during longer hard efforts, e.g., intervals or repeats aimed at raising LT, or during longer climbs. In TrainingPeaks WKO+, perhaps
the easiest way of doing this is to add a horizontal grid line to a "stacked" graph of an appropriately-chosen workout (or race), and looking for places
where your power is quasi-constant for some minutes at a time. You can then adjust the gridline up or down as needed to hone in on the best
estimate of your threshold power.
Perhaps an even more precise way of determining your threshold power, yet one which still doesn't require any formal testing, is to examine your
normalized power during hard ~1 hour mass start races. Since TrainingPeaks WKO+ automatically calculates normalized power even if you haven't
yet entered a value for your threshold power, using the program to first analyze several race files may be the quickest way to deriving a good
estimate of your threshold power.
Since by definition the best measure of performance is performance itself, the most direct estimate of your sustainable (threshold) power will be
obtained by simply doing a ~1 hour TT. By examining the horizontal graph of the data from such a TT in TrainingPeaks WKO+ (perhaps with a little
smoothing applied), you will be able to quickly tell whether your effort was well-paced, or if perhaps you started out too hard and then later faded,
resulting in the average power somewhat underestimating your true threshold power.
Finally, those who are more mathematically inclined may wish to perform formal testing to determine their "critical power" as described in the
scientific literature. Briefly, this approach consists of plotting the total work performed (in joules) during a series of relatively short (i.e., between 3
and perhaps 30 min), all-out efforts against their duration (in seconds), then fitting a straight line to the data points. The slope of this line is critical
power, which corresponds quite closely with functional threshold power determined using any of the previously-described methods.
Since one goal of any training program is to increase power at threshold, the value you have entered into TrainingPeaks WKO+ should be periodically
reassessed to be certain it is still accurate. (In particular, an intensity factor of more than 1.05 - meaning that normalized power is more than 5%
greater than threshold power - during a ~1 hour mass start race is often evidence that threshold power is greater than the value entered into the
program.) How often threshold power will change significantly will depend in part on an individual's training history and habits - for example,
someone who is just beginning in and/or returning to cycling may see large and rapid changes in their threshold power, whereas an experienced
rider who has been training for many years and/or an athlete who maintains a high level of conditioning year round will probably experience much

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less variation. In general, however, assessing threshold power a few times per year (e.g., near the start of training as a baseline, partway through the
pre-competition period to track improvement, and during the season to determine peak fitness achieved) is probably sufficient.

WORKOUT TERMS AND CODES

TERMS:
FTP: Functional Threshold Power - The highest power that a rider can maintain in a quasi-steady state without fatiguing for approximately
one hour. When power exceeds FTP, fatigue will occur much sooner, whereas power just below FTP can be maintained considerably longer.
THR or FTHR: Threshold Heart Rate or Functional Threshold Heart Rate - The heart rate corresponding to functional threshold power, or your
highest average heart rate you can maintain for a minimum of 20 minutes.
RPE: Rate of Perceived Exertion - An individuals subjective evaluation of how intense or strenuous a particular exercise intensity feels.
Typically rated on either a linear 20-point or a nonlinear 10-point scale, both of which were developed by Dr. Gunnar Borg. We use the 10
point scale in our training plans as this is an exponential scale and better correlates with the changes in the body.

ZONES:
AR: Active Recovery - Level 1. An embarrassingly slow pace. When you go out for a recovery ride, it should really be slow and all about
recovery. If you go above the upper limit of wattage for this range, you are riding too hard. It is important to do Active Recovery rides because
they help to flush out your system of built-up waste products, keep your body in rhythm or riding, and maintain suppleness in your muscles.
END: Endurance - Level 2. This is the level you ride at to build a base of endurance and enhance your aerobic fitness. Over time, training in
this range will lead to the development of a stronger heart muscle, increase mitochondrial levels in the cells, develop more capillarization in
muscles, and result in an overall increase in stamina.
TEMP: Tempo (or fartlek) Level 3. From Swedish, meaning speed play; workouts performed at an intensity that is up tempo from what
a rider normally trains at when riding at a comfortable level.
SST: Sweet Spot - A small area of intensity characterized by 88-93 percent of ones FTP.

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FTP: Functional Threshold Power - Level 4. The exercise intensity at which the release of lactate into the blood first begins to exceed its rate
of removal, such that blood lactate levels begin to rise. From the perspective of most athletes and coaches, LT is a relatively low intensity,
approximately corresponding to the transition between Levels 2 and 3.
VO2max - Level 5. The maximal rate of whole-body oxygen uptake that can be achieved during exercise. VO2max is primarily limited by the
ability of the cardiovascular system to deliver O2-carrying blood to exercising muscle; hence, VO2max is considered the best measure of a
persons cardiovascular fitness and sets the upper limit to aerobic power production.
AC: Anaerobic Capacity - Level 6. The overall quantity of work (not the rate of doing such work, which is power) that you can perform by
relying on anaerobic metabolism. Usually trained by performing short (e.g., 30-second to 3-minute), very high-intensity intervals.
NP: Neuromuscular Power - Level 7. These exercises are super-short, high-intensity efforts usually lasting less than 10 seconds each. They
place a larger load on the musculoskeletal system than on the metabolic systems. You want to perform these workouts when you are the
most fresh during the week, as the intensity of the workout is very high and you will need to be highly energized for them.

CODES:
WU: Warm Up
MS: Main Set
CD: Cool Down
AR: Active Recovery
END: Endurance
SST: Sweet Spot
FTP: Functional Threshold Power
AC: Anaerobic Capacity
NP: Neuromuscular Power
FTP: Functional Threshold Power
RPE: Rate of Perceived Exertion

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