1.

.
,
.
) .
) ,
.
) 1.
x


.

2.
g(.) x
t, x=g(t), (. )
t,
g(.) t,
v = g (t )

1) , x = g (t ) = c .
t, .
v = g (t ) = (c) = 0

2) x ,
x = g (t ) at ( ) .

v = g (t ) = (at ) = a

3.
h(.) v
t,
v = h(t )
(, ) t
h(.) t,
a = h(t )
g(.) x
t, (. )
g(.) t,

a = g (t )

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. 1 7

1) V,
v = h(t ) = V . t
,
a = h(t ) = (V ) = 0

2) x t 2 ,
x = g (t ) At 2 . t
t,
v = h(t ) = g (t ) = ( At 2 ) = 2 At
,

a = g (t ) = h (t ) = (2 At ) = 2 A
2

4.

v
t, v=h(t) xo
to, x = x xO
t

x = x xO = h(t )dt
tO

x t

v = h(t ) = g (t ) x = g (t )
t

tO

tO

t
h(t )dt = g (t )dt = g (t ) |tO = g (t ) g (t O ) = x xO = x

V t=0
xo.

x = x xO xo
to x t,
t

tO

tO

x = x xO = Vdt = V dt = V (t |ttO ) = V (t t O )

5.

t, a = k (t )

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. 2 7

vo to ,
v = v vO
t

v = v vO = k (t )dt
tO

v t

a = k (t ) = h(t ) v = h(t )
t

k (t )dt = h(t )dt = h(t ) |

tO

t
tO

= h(t ) h(t O ) = v vO = v

tO

.
xo vo t=0,
.

. t=0 t,
t

v = v vO = Adt = A dt = A(t |t0 ) = At v = h(t ) = vO + At

x = x xO xo 0 x
t,
t

x = x xO = h(t )dt = (vO + At )dt = vO dt + A tdt =

2

t t
1
1
| 0 ) = vO t + At 2 x = xO + vO t + At 2
2
2
2
xo vo t=0.
vO (t |t0 ) + A(

6.
,
F. F(.)
F t,
F = F (t )
v t
h(.),
v = h(t )
h(t),
a = k (t ) = h (t )

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. 3 7

t2

t2

ma = F mk (t ) = F (t ) mk (t )dt = F (t )dt
t1

t2

t2

t1

t1

t1

t2

m h(t )dt = F (t )dt m h(t ) |tt12 = F (t )dt

t1

t2

t2

t1

t1

m(h(t 2 ) h(t1 )) = F (t )dt mv 2 mv1 = F (t )dt

t2

p 2 p1 = F (t )dt
t1

t2

F (t )dt F t1

t1

t2


.

7.

F. F
F(.) x1
x2, W F ,
x2

W = F ( x)dx
x1

Fc
x1 x2
x2

x2

x1

x1

WF = Fc dx = Fc dx = Fc x | xx12 = Fc ( x 2 x1 ) = Fc x
,
v = h(t ) a = k (t ) = h(t ) .

ma = F mk (t ) = F (t ) mh (t ) = F (t ) mh(t )h(t ) = F (t )h(t )
t2

t2

mh(t )h(t )dt = F (t )h(t )dt

t1

t1

2
1 2 2
m (h (t ))dt = F (t )h(t )dt
2 t1
t1

t2

2
1
1
1
m h 2 (t ) |tt12 = F (t )h(t )dt mh 2 (t 2 ) mh 2 (t1 ) = F (t )h(t )dt
2
2
2
t1
t1

1 2 1 2 2
mv 2 mv1 = F (t )h(t )dt
2
2
t1

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(*)

. 4 7

:

F ,
F = f (x)
,
.

x = g (t )

F = f ( g (t ))

F = F (t )

F (t ) = f ( g (t ))
(*)
t
1 2 1 2 2
mv 2 mv1 = f ( g (t ))h(t )dx
2
2
t1

v = h(t ) = g (t )
t

1 2 1 2 2
mv 2 mv1 = f ( g (t )) g (t )dx
2
2
t1
1 2 1 2
mv 2 mv1 =
2
2

x2

f ( x)dx

(**)

x1

x1 = g (t1 ) x 2 = g (t 2 )
g(t)
x1 x2,
.

x

V ( x) = f ( x)dx
xO

x2

x1

x2

f ( x)dx = f ( x)dx f ( x)dx = V ( x1 ) V ( x 2 ) = (V ( x 2 ) V ( x1 )) = V

x

xO
O

x1

(**)
1 2
1
mv 2 + V ( x 2 ) = mv12 + V ( x1 )
2
2
v,
1
K = mv 2
2

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. 5 7

K 2 + V ( x 2 ) = K 1 + V ( x1 )
x,
x

V ( x) = f ( x)dx
xO

xo.
K+V
.


, .

[t1 , t 2 ]

g(.) x=g(t) .
g(.) ,

t = g 1 ( x )
[t i , t i +1 ]

F = F ( g 1 ( x))

x [ xi , xi +1 ]

f F ( g 1 ( x)) = f ( x)

x = g (t )
F (t ) = f ( g (t ))

t i +1

t i +1

ti

ti

F (t )h(t )dt =

f ( g (t )) g (t )dt =

xi +1

f ( x)dx = W

xi

xi = g (ti ) xi +1 = g (t i +1 )
(*)
1 2 1 2
mv 2 mv1 = W1 + W2 + ...
2
2


.

1) h

. yy .
,
F ( y ) = mg .
h

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. 6 7

V (h) = F ( y )dy = ( mg )dy = + mg dy = mg ( y | 0h ) = mgh

V (h) = mgh
2) o .
xx
,
x ,
F = f ( x) = kx
.
x,
,
x
x
x
x2 1
V ( x) = f ( x)dx = ( kx)dx = + k xdx = k | 0x = kx 2
2 2
0
0
0
V ( x) =

1 2
kx
2

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. 7 7