CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A sidestand is a device on a bicycle or motorcycle that allows the bike to be kept upright without
leaning against another object or the aid of a person. A kickstand is usually a piece of metal that
flips down from the frame and makes contact with the ground. It is generally located in the
middle of the bike or towards the rear. We may have witnessed motorcycle accidents because of
the surface hindrance of retracted positioned side stand. One of the most common problems that
are encountered in using the side stand is negligence or carelessness to kick back the side stand.
The negligence may be due to absence of mind, urgency, divergence in concentration and few
other reasons, which may prevent the rider to kick back the side stand to its original position
(released position). Failure to kick back the side stand for any of the reasons stated above may hit
the side stand to surface of road and there by affect the stability of the vehicle and lead to
accident of the vehicle and riders involve in the accident, sometimes fatal. To ensure safety of the
rider, during absence of mind, negligence, urgency or carelessness the side stand lock link helps
in knowing the state of side stand prior to movement of vehicle.
1.1 Types of stands: 1.1.1 Side stand
A side stand style kickstand is a single leg that simply flips out to one side, usually the nondrive side, and the bike then leans against it. Side stands can be mounted to the chain stays
right behind the bottom bracket or to a chain and seat stay near the rear hub. Side stands
mounted right behind the bottom bracket can be bolted on, either clamping the chain stays, or
to the bracket between them, or welded into place as an integral part of the frame.

Figure 1 Side stand

1.1.2 Centre stand

A centre stand kickstand is a pair of legs or a bracket that flips straight down and lifts the rear
wheel off the ground when in use. Centre stands can be mounted to the chain stays right behind
the bottom bracket or to the rear dropouts. Many motorcycles feature centre stands in addition to
side stands. The centre stand is advantageous because it takes most of the motorcycle's weight
off its tires for long-term parking, and it allows the user to perform maintenance such as chain
adjustments without the need for an external stand. Centre stands are found on most "standard"
and "touring" motorcycles, but are omitted on most high-performance sport bikes to save weight
and increase ground clearance.

Figure 2 Centre stand

The side stand lock link relates to the field of automobiles industry, especially for two-wheeler
vehicles using side stand apart from the Main centre stand provided therein for the resting of the
vehicle. The side stand lock link makes the contact with the gear lever there by indicating the
person handling the vehicle about the unreleased side stand when the rider tries to apply the gear
in unreleased state of stand and prevents him from being endanger or to have unsafe ride of
motorcycle. The Bike Side stand unfolded ride lock link for two wheelers is the one of the
lifesaving mechanism which prevents the ride from riding the bike in unreleased position
(retracted position) of the side stand. This prevents the rider as well the vehicle to lose the center
of gravity by imbalance or surface hindrance due to retracted positionof side stand and thereby
saves life of the rider. The side stand lock link is cheap, rugged and easier to install without
additional installations and fittings. The side stand of a motor bike can be retracted automatically

by using a motor and shaft circuit controlled by a driver circuit. The power supply can be given
either by an external source like batteries or by internal power sources. The side stand of a motor
bike is connected with the motor using a shaft. This motor is driven and controlled by a driver
circuit and a micro controller. The rotation of the side stand and motion of the motor is controlled
by the driver circuit which was internally connected with the motor. The motion of the side stand
is monitored by a limiting switch . When the starter button is pressed the motor rotates in a
direction to lift the side stand up. When the side stand reaches its limit, the power supply is cut
off which can be identified using a limit switch. Micro controller and driver circuit are
responsible for the direction of rotation of the motor. When the push button is pressed, the
polarity of the motor along with the driver circuit gets reversed. Hence the motor rotates in the
opposite direction. There will also be a limit switch at the original position of side stand before
retraction. The power supply will be stopped as soon as the side stand reach the limiting switch.
The side stand of a motor bike can be retracted automatically by using a motor and shaft circuit
controlled by a driver circuit. The power supply can be given either by an external source like
batteries or by internal power sources. The side stand of a motor bike is connected with the
motor using a shaft. This motor is driven and controlled by a driver circuit and a micro controller.
The rotation of the side stand and motion of the motor is controlled by the driver circuit which
was internally connected with the motor. The motion of the side stand is monitored by a limiting
switch . When the starter button is pressed the motor rotates in a direction to lift the side stand
up. When the side stand reaches its limit, the power supply is cut off which can be identified
using a limit switch. Micro controller and driver circuit are responsible for the direction of
rotation of the motor. When the push button is pressed, the polarity of the motor along with the
driver circuit gets reversed. Hence the motor rotates in the opposite direction. There will also be
a limit switch at the original position of side stand before retraction. The power supply will be
stopped as soon as the side stand reach the limiting switch. This technology can be regarded as
the lifesaving one. About 80% of the accidents takes place due to the carelessness of this sort.
Safety is the first and foremost motivation behind this system. Reduction of human work can
also be achieved by this system. The cost and maintenance of the system is also economical. Our
concept is to lift the side stand of a motor bike automatically with the help of a motor and a shaft
arrangement using a controller circuits like micro controller or stopper circuits. This automatic
technology is applicable to all the two wheelers with self-starting facility. In those two wheelers

without self-starting facility, a separate power source can be given to apply this technology. This
technology is most important because of the number of accidents take place because of
Carelessness is very high. So it is essential to have a system to nullify this effect.
This technology can be regarded as the lifesaving one. About 80% of the accidents takes place
due to the carelessness of this sort. Safety is the first and foremost motivation behind this system.
Reduction of human work can also be achieved by this system. The cost and maintenance of the
system is also economical. Our concept is to lift the side stand of a motor bike automatically with
the help of a motor and a shaft arrangement using a controller circuits like micro controller or
stopper circuits. This automatic technology is applicable to all the two wheelers with self-starting
facility. In those two wheelers without self-starting facility, a separate power source can be given
to apply this technology. This technology is most important because of the number of accidents
take place because of Carelessness is very high. So it is essential to have a system to nullify this
effect.

Figure 3 Automatic side stand

Now a days sensor are used for ensure that the stand is in released condition. The motorcycle
side stand consists of a metallic rod and helical spring which is offset from the centre. Some side
stand retract automatically when the motorcycle is lifted up the support some other are fit with
electrical interlocks, warning devices or special retracting mechanism. In this paper there is
possibility to reduce the evident which is takes place by the side stand. Side stand in two
wheelers function the entire weight of the vehicle when it is parked. They are perfect on quick
stop when one need to leave the vehicle for short while. They are provided with the spring that
pulls it back into position to ensure extra safety. The presented mechanism consists of D.C.
motor powered by motorcycles battery. Connected to the worm and worm gear mechanism for
reduction of speed of motor and multiply the torque. The motor is actuated by the Rotation
sensor which is mounted on the front of the wheel. A motorcycle side stand is nearly universal
method of allowing a motorcycle rider to park his vehicle easily. If this stand is in the park
position while the motorcycle is ridden through left turn a serious hazard exists. A new type
stand side stand which is automatically retracting side stand is invented to prevent such type of
accidents. Side stand mounted behind bottom bracket and can be bolted on either clamping the
chain stays, or welded in to place as an integral part of the frame. The motorcycle side stand
consists of steel rod held in both park and stopped position by an over centered spring. It is to
provide the stand stability and a support to the motorcycle. Many side stand designs,
attachments, mechanisms and rider warning system. Some side stand retracts automatically when
the motorcycle is lifted off the support.

CHAPTER 2

LITRATURE REVIEW

2.1 Sanjeev N K :- In IJESRT, report that the Bike Side stand unfolded ride lock link for two
wheelers is the one of the lifesaving mechanism which prevents the ride from riding the bike in
unreleased position (retracted position) of the side stand. This prevents the rider as well the
vehicle to lose the centre of gravity by imbalance or surface hindrance due to retracted position
of side stand and thereby saves life of the rider. The side stand lock link is cheap, rugged and
easier to install without additional installations and fittings. One of the most common problems
that are encountered in using the side stand is negligence or carelessness to kick back the side
stand. The negligence may be due to absence of mind, urgency, divergence in concentration and
few other reasons, which may prevent the rider to kick back the side stand to its original position
(released position). Failure to kick back the side stand for any of the reasons stated above may hit
the side stand to surface of road and there by affect the stability of the vehicle and lead to
accident of the vehicle and riders involve in the accident, sometimes fatal. To ensure safety of the
rider, during absence of mind, negligence, urgency or carelessness the side stand lock link helps
in knowing the state of side stand prior to movement of vehicle. The side stand lock link relates
to the field of automobiles industry, especially for two-wheeler vehicles using side stand apart
from the Main centre stand provided therein for the resting of the vehicle. The side stand lock
link makes the contact with the gear lever there by indicating the person handling the vehicle
about the unreleased side stand when the rider tries to apply the gear in unreleased state of stand
and prevents him from being endanger or to have unsafe ride of motorcycle. The schematic
representation of the link designed for front gear motorcycle. This is a new type of side stand
which is automatically retracting the side stand through some mechanical and electronic
arrangement. In this system microcontroller, speed sensor, dc battery is used. Through the speed
sensor, sensor sense the rotation of the wheel and sends the signal to the microcontroller which is
actuate the dc motor which is caused the disengage the stand from the road.
2.2 Everett, S.A :- The side stand is used for supporting a parked motorcycle. If the rider may
forget to retract the side stands before riding, then the undistracted stand hitting the ground and
affected the riders control during the turn. Now a days sensor are used for ensure that the stand
is in released condition. The motorcycle side stand consists of a metallic rod and helical spring
which is offset from the centre. Some side stand retract automatically when the motorcycle is
lifted up the support some other are fit with electrical interlocks, warning devices or special

retracting mechanism. In this paper there is possibility to reduce the evident which is takes place
by the side stand. Side stand in two wheelers function the entire weight of the vehicle when it is
parked. They are perfect on quick stop when one need to leave the vehicle for short while. They
are provided with the spring that pulls it back into position to ensure extra safety. The presented
mechanism consists of D.C. motor powered by motorcycles battery. Connected to the worm and
worm gear mechanism for reduction of speed of motor and multiply the torque. The motor is
actuated by the Rotation sensor which is mounted on the front of the wheel. A motorcycle side
stand is nearly universal method of allowing a motorcycle rider to park his vehicle easily. If this
stand is in the park position while the motorcycle is ridden through left turn a serious hazard
exists. A new type stand side stand which is automatically retracting side stand is invented to
prevent such type of accidents. Side stand mounted behind bottom bracket and can be bolted on
either clamping the chain stays, or welded in to place as an integral part of the frame. The
motorcycle side stand consists of steel rod held in both park and stopped position by an over
centre spring. It is to provide the stand stability and a support to the motorcycle. Many side stand
designs, attachments, mechanisms and rider warning system. Some side stand retracts
automatically when the motorcycle is lifted off the support. Some retract if they contact the
ground when the motorcycle is moving. Many different concepts have been applied for this
hazard.
2.3 W.S. Harley and Arthur R :- Motorcycles are generally provided with stand for supporting
the motorcycles when they are not in use. The standard usually comprises a bar or rod which is
pivotally attached to the lower portion of the motorcycle frame and is movable to a laterally,
downwardly extending position so that the motorcycle can be tilted against and rest upon the bar.
When the motorcycle is in use, the bar is swung upwardly and along the frame so that it will not
interfere with the running of the motorcycle. Often the cyclist neglects to move the standard to
its raised position and when a banked turn is made the standard strikes the ground and causes the
motorcycle to be thrown to the ground, generally with serious consequences to both the cyclist
and the motorcycle. Based on the working prnciple of two-wheeler (i.e the power is generated in
the engine and it transmits power to the pinion and makes it to rotate. The pinion transmits power
to the rear wheel pinion and makes the vehicle to move). This is the basic principle followed in
all types of two-wheelers, based on this automatic side stand retrieve system works.

2.4 Kazuhiko :- The side stand of a motor bike can be retracted automatically by using a motor
and shaft circuit controlled by a driver circuit. The power supply can be given either by an
external source like batteries or by internal power sources. The side stand of a motor bike is
connected with the motor using a shaft. This motor is driven and controlled by a driver circuit
and a micro controller. The rotation of the side stand and motion of the motor is controlled by the
driver circuit which was internally connected with the motor. The motion of the side stand is
monitored by a limiting switch. When the starter button is pressed the motor rotates in a direction
to lift the side stand up. When the side stand reaches its limit, the power supply is cut off which
can be identified using a limit switch. Micro controller and driver circuit are responsible for the
direction of rotation of the motor. When the push button is pressed, the polarity of the motor
along with the driver circuit gets reversed. Hence the motor rotates in the opposite direction.
There will also be a limit switch at the original position of side stand before retraction. The
power supply will be stopped as soon as the side stand reach the limiting switch. This technology
can be regarded as the lifesaving one. About 80% of the accidents takes place due to the
carelessness of this sort. Safety is the first and foremost motivation behind this system.
Reduction of human work can also be achieved by this system. The cost and maintenance of the
system is also economical. Our concept is to lift the side stand of a motor bike automatically with
the help of a motor and a shaft arrangement using a controller circuits like micro controller or
stopper circuits. This automatic technology is applicable to all the two wheelers with self-starting
facility. In those two wheelers without self-starting facility, a separate power source can be given
to apply this technology. This technology is most important because of the number of accidents
take place because of Carelessness is very high. So it is essential to have a system to nullify this
effect.
2.5 Pintoo Prjapati :- In modern world the living status were developed and developing more
equipped. The automobile takes a great part in the development, since it plays one of a major key
in daily life. While automobile is concern two-wheeler i.e. (motorcycles and bike) it plays very
important role because it saves the time of traveller by reaching the target place very
faster. Motorcycles are generally provided with stand for supporting the motorcycles when they
are not in use. A motorcycle side stand is a nearly universal method of allowing a motorcycle
rider to park his vehicle unattended easily. If this stand is in the park position while the
motorcycle is ridden through left turn a serious safety hazard exits. A new type side stand which

is automatically retracting side stand is invented to prevent such type of accidents. Based on the
working principal of two-wheeler (i.e., the power is generated in the engine and it transmits
power to the pinion and makes it to rotate. The pinion transmits power to the rear wheel pinion
and makes the vehicle to move). This is the basic principal followed in all type of two-wheelers,
based on this sprocket side stand retrieve system is designed because this system works by
getting power from chain drive. In Automatic side stand retrieve system, the side stand
automatically gets retrieved if the rider forgets to lift the side stand while moving the bike. Its
working is based on the working principle of the two-wheelers. In motor bike power is
transmitted from engines pinion to the rear wheel i.e. (rotary motion of the pinion makes the
linear motion of the chain. That linear motion of the chain is absorbed by rear wheels sprocket
and converted into rotary motion). That rotary motion of the rear wheel makes the bikes to
move. Based on this side stand retrieve system is designed. If Sprocket is kept between the chain
drive, it make the sprocket to rotate. The working of this system is based on the sprocket. It gains
the power from the chain and make specially designed component (lifting lever) to rotate. This
rotation incites engaged pushing lever to push the side stand to retrieve. When chain rotates in
anti-clockwise direction the inciter assemblys sprocket absorbs the power and
rotates in clockwise direction.
2.6 V. Demidov :- Today, Motor cycles are used everywhere in all over the world. Designer
should design each and every component in the two wheelers with very at most safe and the
product should be economical. In motor cycles, the side stand plays major roll while the vehicle
is in rest condition. While the driver starting the motor cycle, there may be a possibility of forget
to release the side stand. This will tend to unwanted troubles. To avoid the driver has to ensure
that the side stand is released. Side stand in two wheelers function the entire weight of the
vehicle when it is parked. They are perfect on quick stops when one needs to leave the vehicle
for a short while. They are provided with a spring that pulls it back into position to ensure extra
safety. A side stand style kickstand is a single leg that flips out to one side, usually the non-drive
side, and the bike then leans against it. Side stands can be mounted to the chain stays right
behind the bottom bracket or to a chain and seat stay near the rear hub. Side stands mounted right
behind the bottom bracket can be bolted on, either clamping the chain stays, or to the bracket
between them, or welded into place as an integral part of the frame. A centre stand kickstand is a
pair of legs or a bracket that flips straight down and lifts the rear wheel off the ground when in

use. Centre stands can be mounted to the chain stays right behind the bottom bracket or to the
rear dropouts. Many motorcycles feature centre stands in addition to side stands. The centre
stand is advantageous because it takes most of the motorcycle's weight off its tires for long-term
parking, and it allows the user to perform maintenance such as chain adjustments without the
need for an external stand. Centre stands are found on most "standard" and "touring"
motorcycles, but are omitted on most high-performance sport bikes to save weight and increase
ground clearance. Side stand in two wheelers function the entire weight of the vehicle when it is
parked. They are perfect on quick stops when one needs to leave the vehicle for a short while.
They are provided with a spring that pulls it back into position to ensure extra safety. Sometimes
the person who drives the two wheeler may forget to release the side stand. This will tend to
unwanted danger and lack of concentration while driving. Now a days sensors are used for
ensure that the stand is in released condition or not by indicating it using small lights in stash
board. There is also a possibility to forget to see the light. This research paper focuses on to
completely reduce the possibility of driving two wheelers without releasing the side stand. This
may appropriate for all kind of two wheelers which are driven in gear system with low cost. In
this research paper we are proposing an idea to overcome one of those accidents which take
place due to the non-folding of the bike stand.
2.7 Hemant Ashok :- Motorcycles are generally provided with stand for supporting the motor
cycles when they are not in use .The standard usually comprises a bar or rod which is pivotally
attached to the lower portion of the motor cycle frame and is movable to a late rally, downwardly
extending position so that the motor cycle can be tilted against and rest upon the bar .When the
motor cycle is in use the bar is swung upwardly and along the frame so that it will not interfere
with the running of the motor cycle. Often the cyclist neglects to move the standard to its raised
position and when a banked turn is made the standard strikes the ground and causes the motor
cycle to be thrown to the ground, generally with serious consequences to both the cyclist and the
motor cycle. In automatic side stand retrieval system, the side stand automatically gets retrieved
if the rider forgets to lift the side stand while moving the bike. Its working is based on the
working principle of the 2- wheelers. In motor bike power is transmitted from engines pinion to
the rear wheel i.e. (rotary motion of the pinion makes the linear motion of the chain. That linear
motion of the chain is absorbed by rear wheel sprocket and converted into rotary motion). That
rotary motion of the rear wheel makes the bikes to move. Based on this side stand retrieval

system is designed. If sprocket is kept between the chain drive, it makes the sprocket to rotate.
The working of this system is based on the sprocket. It gains the power from the chain and make
specially designed component (Lifting lever) to rotate. This rotation incites engaged pushing
lever to push the side stand to retrieve. When chain rotates in anti-clock wise direction the inciter
assemblys sprocket absorbs the power and rotates in clock wise direction. Automatic side stand
system will definitely good retrieve system. since the setup is compact it does not affect the
performance of the vehicle. because of the power is obtained from chain drive. Definitely this
system could be used in all type of two-wheelers for retrieving the side stand. It will be the major
system to control accidents due side stand problem and protect the careless rider. These system
can be implemented in all types of bikes by changing small variation in size and cost of this
system also very low and so it will not affect the economic level also.
2.8 Frederick G.Taylor :- A motorcycle side stand is nearly universal method of allowing a
motorcycle rider to park his vehicle easily. If this stand is in the park position while the
motorcycle is ridden through left turn a serious hazard exists. A new type stand side stand which
is automatically retracting side stand is invented to prevent such type of accidents. Side stand
mounted behind bottom bracket and can be bolted on either clamping the chain stays, or welded
in to place as an integral part of the frame. This is a new type of side stand which is
automatically retracting the side stand through some mechanical and electronic arrangement. In
this system microcontroller, speed sensor, dc battery is used. Through the speed sensor, sensor
sense the rotation of the wheel and sends the signal to the microcontroller which is actuate the dc
motor which is caused the disengage the stand from the road. The standard usually comprises a
bar or rod which is pivotally attached to the lower portion of the motor cycle frame and is
movable to a late rally, downwardly extending position so that the motor cycle can be tilted
against and rest upon the bar. When the motor cycle is in use the bar is swung upwardly and
along the frame so that it will not interfere with the running of the motor cycle. Often the cyclist
neglects to move the standard to its raised position and when a banked turn is made the standard
strikes the ground and causes the motor cycle to be thrown to the ground, generally with serious
consequences to both the cyclist and the motor cycle.
2.9 Meriam, J.L. and L.G.Kraige :- In modern world the living status were developed and
developing more equipped. The automobile takes a great part in the development, since it plays
one of a major key in daily life. While automobile is concern two-wheeler i.e. (motorcycles and

bike) it plays very important role because it saves the time of traveler by reaching the target place
very faster. Motorcycles are generally provided with stand for supporting the motorcycles when
they are not in use. A motorcycle side stand is a nearly universal method of allowing a
motorcycle rider to park his vehicle unattended easily. If this stand is in the park position while
the motorcycle is ridden through left turn a serious safety hazard exits. A new type side stand
which is automatically retracting side stand is invented to prevent such type of accidents. Based
on the working principal of two-wheeler (i.e., the power is generated in the engine and it
transmits power to the pinion and makes it to rotate. The pinion transmits power to the rear
wheel pinion and makes the vehicle to move). This is the basic principal followed in all type of
two-wheelers, based on this sprocket side stand retrieve system is designed because this
system works by getting power from chain drive. In Automatic side stand retrieve system, the
side stand automatically gets retrieved if the rider forget to lift the side stand while moving the
bike.
2.10 McAuley JW :- In those two wheelers without self-starting facility, a separate power source
can be given to apply this technology. This technology is most important because of the number
of accidents take place because of Carelessness is very high. So it is essential to have a system to
nullify this effect. our concept is to lift the side stand of a motor bike automatically with the help
of a motor and a shaft arrangement using a controller circuits like micro controller or stopper
circuits. This automatic technology is applicable to all the two wheelers with self-starting facility.
Automatic stand is presently in use and quite successful. Although it has certain disadvantages: 1) When the rider pushes the button then the kick stand is disengage from the road.
2) And secondly the stand is not engage with road by the use of push button.
We are working to remove this two disadvantages. For removing these two disadvantages we use
the speed sensor and microcontroller and push button, when bike take some RPM then the sensor
sense the signal and sends to the microcontroller and according to the programming the
microcontroller actuate the DC motor, and the dc motor automatically disengage the side stand
from the road.

CHAPTER 3
CONSTRUCTION
The whole construction of this system is simple and efficient. The arrangement and position of
components makes the system to function. Each and every component has its own property and
responsibility. The side stand is used for parking motorcycle. The main component of automatic

side stand are:

3.1COMPONENTS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Frame or Stand
Transformer
Relay
DC Motor
Limit Switch
Push Button
Side Stand

3.1.1 FRAME OR STAND:

In Automatic side stand the frame or stand are used which is in box shaped. We have used box
shaped cross section because it has good bending stiffness. The frame or stand provide base for
Transfarmer, D.C. motor, and Switch. We have taken a from side frames of window. It bears the
load of motor and side stand is bolted to it. The cross-section of the frame is:
Length 18 Inch (1.5 foot) or 45.72 centimeters
Height 12 Inch (1 foot) or 30.48 centimeters
Width 12 Inch (1 foot) or 30.48 centimeters
The column of frame is made of cast iron and the stand is made by angles with the help of
welding. The frame or stand is 1 foot i.e.30.48 centimeters long. The frame or stand provide base
for Transfarmer, D.C. motor, and Switch. It also provide the base to Side Stand and other parts.
3.1.2 TRANSFORMER
A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits
through electromagnetic induction. Electromagnetic induction produces an electromotive force

across a conductor which is exposed to time varying magnetic fields. Commonly, transformers
are used to increase or decrease the voltages of alternating current in electric power applications.
A varying current in the transformer's primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the
transformer core and a varying magnetic field impinging on the transformer's secondary winding.
This varying magnetic field at the secondary winding induces a varying electromotive force
(EMF) or voltage in the secondary winding due to electromagnetic induction.
Basic principles of Transfarmer:
According to Faraday's law of induction, since the same magnetic flux passes through both the
primary and secondary windings in an ideal transformer, a voltage is induced in each winding.
The primary EMF is sometimes termed counter EMF. This is in accordance with Lenz's law,
which states that induction of EMF always opposes development of any such change in magnetic
field.
By Ohm's Law and the ideal transformer identity:

The secondary circuit load impedance.

The apparent load impedance referred to the primary circuit to be equal to the turns ratio
squared times the secondary circuit load impedance.

Fig 3.1- IDEAL TRANSFORMER

Leakage flux

Fig 3.2 LEAKAGE FLUX OF A TRANSFORMER

The ideal transformer model assumes that all flux generated by the primary winding links all the
turns of every winding, including itself. In practice, some flux traverses paths that take it outside
the windings. Such flux is termed leakage flux, and results in leakage inductance in series with
the mutually coupled transformer windings. Leakage flux results in energy being alternately
stored in and discharged from the magnetic fields with each cycle of the power supply. It is not
directly a power loss, but results in inferior voltage regulation, causing the secondary voltage not
to be directly proportional.
Transformer used:
The Transformer is used in the automatic side stand is12 volt or 5 ampere transformer.
Transformer converts the D.C. into A.C. The power amount given to the Automatic side stand is
low but from the supply power is came high, so we use the step down transformer which step
down the power for usable in Automatic side stand.

Fig 3.3 CIRCUIY DIAGRAM OF TRNSFORMER

3.1.3 RELAY
Relay, is an electrically controlled switch. If a switch contact mechanism is built so that it can be
actuated (opened and closed) by the application of a magnetic field, and an electromagnet coil is
placed in the near vicinity to produce that requisite field, it will be possible to open and close the
switch by the application of a current through the coil. In effect, this gives us a device that
enables electricity to control electricity. Relays can be constructed to actuate multiple switch
contacts, or operate them in "reverse" (energizing the coil will open the switch contact and
empowering thecoil will allow it to spring closed again).

Fig 3.4 Relay

Relay (constructed for the purpose of creating a physical force via its magnetic field when
energized), the effect of inductive "kickback" serves no useful purpose at all. In fact, it is quite
detrimental to the switch, as it will cause excessive arcing at the contacts, greatly reducing their
service life. There are several practical methods of mitigating the high voltage transient created
when the switch is opened, but none so simple as the so-called commutating diode.

Fig. 3.5 Commutating Diode

In this circuit, the diode is placed in parallel with the coil, in such a way that it will be reversebiased when DC voltage is applied to the coil through the switch. Thus, when the coil is
energized, the diode conducts no current.

Fig. 3.6 Circuit Diagram with Switch Closed

Condition
3.1.4 D.C. MOTOR
DC motor is designed for two speed operation. It consists of three brushes namely: common, low
speed, high speed. Two of the brushes will be supplied for different made of operation. The DC
motor does not oscillate back and forth, it rotates continuously in one direction like most others
motors. The rotational motion is converted to the back and forth wiper motion by a series of
mechanical linkage. This type of motor is called a gear head or motor end has advantage of
having lots of torque. The dc motor works on 12volt D.C. battery.
A DC motor is designed to run on DC electric power. Two examples of pure DC designs are
Michael Faraday's homopolar motor (which is uncommon), and the ball bearing motor, which is
(so far) a novelty. By far the most common DC motor types are the brushed and brushless types,
which use internal and external commutation respectively to create an oscillating AC current
from the DC sourceso they are not purely DC machines in a strict sense.
TYPES OF D.C. MOTORS:
Brushed DC motors

The classic DC motor design generates an oscillating current in a wound rotor, or armature, with
a split ring commutator, and either a wound or permanent magnet stator. A rotor consists of one
or more coils of wire wound around a core on a shaft; an electrical power source is connected to
the rotor coil through the commutator and its brushes, causing current to flow in it, producing
electromagnetism. The commutator causes the current in the coils to be switched as the rotor
turns, keeping the magnetic poles of the rotor from ever fully aligning with the magnetic poles of
the stator field, so that the rotor never stops (like a compass needle does) but rather keeps
rotating indefinitely (as long as power is applied and is sufficient for the motor to overcome the
shaft torque load and internal losses due to friction, etc.)
Brushless DC motors
Some of the problems of the brushed DC motor are eliminated in the brushless design. In this
motor, the mechanical "rotating switch" or commutator/brushgear assembly is replaced by an
external electronic switch synchronised to the rotor's position. Brushless motors are typically 8590% efficient or more (higher efficiency for a brushless electric motor of up to 96.5% were
reported by researchers at the Tokai University in Japan in 2009), [16] whereas DC motors with
brushgear are typically 75-80% efficient.
Midway between ordinary DC motors and stepper motors lies the realm of the brushless DC
motor. Built in a fashion very similar to stepper motors, these often use a permanent magnet
external rotor, three phases of driving coils, one or more Hall effect sensors to sense the position
of the rotor, and the associated drive electronics. The coils are activated, one phase after the
other, by the drive electronics as cued by the signals from either Hall effect sensors or from the
back EMF (electromotive force) of the undriven coils. In effect, they act as three-phase
synchronous motors containing their own variable-frequency drive electronics. A specialized
class of brushless DC motor controllers utilize EMF feedback through the main phase
connections instead of Hall effect sensors to determine position and velocity. These motors are
used extensively in electric radio-controlled vehicles.
Coreless or ironless DC motors
Nothing in the design of any of the motors described above requires that the iron (steel) portions
of the rotor actually rotate; torque is exerted only on the windings of the electromagnets. Taking

advantage of this fact is the coreless or ironless DC motor, a specialized form of a brush or
brushless DC motor. Optimized for rapid acceleration, these motors have a rotor that is
constructed without any iron core. The rotor can take the form of a winding-filled cylinder, or a
self-supporting structure comprising only the magnet wire and the bonding material. The rotor
can fit inside the stator magnets; a magnetically-soft stationary cylinder inside the rotor provides
a return path for the stator magnetic flux. A second arrangement has the rotor winding basket
surrounding the stator magnets. In that design, the rotor fits inside a magnetically-soft cylinder
that can serve as the housing for the motor, and likewise provides a return path for the flux.
12v D.C. GEAR MOTOR:
Gear motor is used for automatic side stand because

Motor is used to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy

Gear is used for speed reduction (worm gear)

Fig. 3.9 12v D.C. GEAR MOTOR

Powering the motor -

Voltage- the standard voltage requirement for the motor is 12v DC. The electrical system in a
running automobile usually puts out between 13 and 13.5 volts, so its safe to say the motor can
handle up to 13.5 volts with no problem. I wouldnt recommend any voltages higher than that.
But the current supply is more than the 12v so we used the 12v or 5 ampere step down
transformer to control the power supply.
CALCULATION FOR D.C. (GEARED MOTOR)
Rated power=100W
Maximum operating speed=2400r.p.m
Geared motor (speed reduction)
Operating speed=15r.p.m
Consider a load of kg to be W=1/2 kg
Continuous torque = m g l sin
= 1/2 9.8 23.2 sin30
= 56.84 N cm.
Peak torque = m g l = 1/2 9.8 23.2
= 113.68 N cm.
Current at continuous torque:
P = 2NT/6
= 2
15 56.84/7 60 100
= 8.932
P = V I
8.932 = 12 I
I = 0.744A

3.1.5 LIMIT SWITCH

A limit switch is configured to detect when a system's element has moved to
a certain position. A system operation is triggered when a limit switch is
tripped. The power supply will be stopped automatically when the side stand
reaches the limit switch.

Fig. 3.10 LIMIT SWITCH

3.1.6 PUSH BUTTON:
In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit,
interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another. The most familiar form of
switch is a manually operated electromechanical device with one or more sets of electrical
contacts, which are connected to external circuits. Each set of contacts can be in one of two
states: either "closed" meaning the contacts are touching and electricity can flow between them,
or "open", meaning the contacts are separated and the switch is non conducting. The mechanism
actuating the transition between these two states (open or closed) can be either a "toggle" (flip
switch for continuous "on" or "off") or "momentary" (push-for "on" or push-for "off") type.

A switch may be directly manipulated by a human as a control signal to a system, such as a

computer keyboard button, or to control power flow in a circuit, such as a light switch.
Automatically operated switches can be used to control the motions of machines, for example, to
indicate that a garage door has reached its full open position or that a machine tool is in a
position to accept another workpiece. Switches may be operated by process variables such as
pressure, temperature, flow, current, voltage, and force, acting as sensors in a process and used to
automatically control a system. For example, a thermostat is a temperature-operated switch used
to control a heating process. A switch that is operated by another electrical circuit is called a
relay. Large switches may be remotely operated by a motor drive mechanism. Some switches are
used to isolate electric power from a system, providing a visible point of isolation that can be
padlocked if necessary to prevent accidental operation of a machine during maintenance, or to
prevent electric shock.
An ideal switch would have no voltage drop when closed, and would have no limits on voltage
or current rating. It would have zero rise time and fall time during state changes, and would
change state without "bouncing" between on and off positions. Practical switches fall short of
this ideal; they have resistance, limits on the current and voltage they can handle, finite switching
time, etc. The ideal switch is often used in circuit analysis as it greatly simplifies the system of
equations to be solved, but this can lead to a less accurate solution.
3.1.7 SIDE STAND
A Side stand is a device on a bicycle or motorcycle that allows the bike to be kept upright
without leaning against another object or the aid of a person. A "smaller, more convenient"
kickstand was developed by Joseph Paul Treen, the father of former Louisiana Governor, Dave
Treen. A kickstand is usually a piece of metal that flips down from the frame and makes contact
with the ground. It is generally located in the middle of the bike or towards the rear. Some
touring bikes have two: one at the rear, and a second in the front.
A side stand style kickstand is a single leg that simply flips out to one side, usually the non-drive
side, and the bike then leans against it. Side stands can be mounted to the chain stays right
behind the bottom bracket or to a chain and seat stay near the rear hub. Side stands mounted right

behind the bottom bracket can be bolted on, either clamping the chain stays or to the bracket
between them, or welded into place as an integral part of the frame.

Fig. 3.11 SIDE STAND

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

5.1 Conclusion
It will help over the for two-wheelers for safe riding and prevents accidents The automatic side
stand is a very complicated setup and requires expert knowledge to install. When fitted from
local shops. The operation is dependent upon battery so a powerful battery is must. It doesnt not
affect the overall running cost and weight of the two wheelers .hence it can be inferred that the
automatic side stands is a very flexible system to operate, remarkably support the better stability.
Automatic side stand system will definitely good retrieve system. Since the setup is compact it
does not affect the performance of the vehicle. Because of the power is obtained from chain
drive. Definitely this system could be used in all type of two-wheelers (Tvs-XL, all front,
back,hand geared) for retrieving the side stand, it will be the major system to control accidents
due side stand problem and protect the careless rider. This system can be implemented in all
types of bikes by changing small variation in size and cost of this system also very low and so it
will not affect the economic level also.
Automatic stand is presently in use and quite successful. Although it has certain disadvantages.
1) When the rider pushes the button then the kick stand is disengage from the road.
2) And secondly the stand is not engage with road by the use of push button.
A motorcycle side stand is nearly universal method of allowing a motorcycle rider to park his
vehicle easily. If this stand is in the park position while the motorcycle is ridden through left turn
a serious hazard exists. A new type stand side stand which is automatically retracting side stand
is invented to prevent such type of accidents. Side stand mounted behind bottom bracket and can
be bolted on either clamping the chain stays, or welded in to place as an integral part of the
frame.
We are working to remove this two disadvantages. For removing these two disadvantages we use
the speed sensor and microcontroller and push button, when bike take some RPM then the sensor
sense the signal and sends to the microcontroller and according to the C programming the
microcontroller actuate the DC motor, and the dc motor automatically disengage the side stand
from the road. Through this arrangement the both disadvantages are removed.

The project has come out as a grand success. We learn more and more in our project. It is
different experience to our self we well. Successfully finish the project. We well to step by step
testing in that. Result all so very well. This project is useful for all the peoples.

5.2 Future Scope

This is an new and revolutionary technique in the world of automation. It enhance the safety of
rider life and reduce road accidental probability. This technique is to inplement in all two
wheelers for human life safety. For a careless rider, its usual mistake to remove side stand and it
leads to something wrong(miss happening). We can implement this and reduce a factor of
accidents
- Reduce human nullified
- Reduce two wheeler accident probability
- More suitable and compact mechanism to enhance safety

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