SHEL Conceptual Model

AVIA 4000, Special Projects: Human Factors in

Aviation
Raymond E. Cain, Jr., Ph.D., Instructor

Learning Objectives
After this unit of instruction, the student will
be able to . . .
1. list the components of the SHEL model,
2. describe the major characteristics of each
model component,
3. describe the interaction of liveware to itself
and other components of the model, and
4. apply the SHEL model in solving complex
human factor problems.
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If you are looking

for perfect safety,
you will do well to
sit on a fence and
watch the birds
Wilbur Wright

SHEL Model
The SHEL Model was originally conceived
by Elwyn Edwards in 1972.
According to the text, he conceptualized
human factors as the interface between
humans (Liveware) and the Software and
tools (Hardware) they use within an
Environment (p. 3).

The Original SHEL Concept

Hawkins SHEL Adaptation

The SHEL model was modified into a
building block concept in 1984 by Frank H.
Hawkins

Examples of SHEL interface errors

Poor Equipment Design
Poor Procedures and Difficult
Manuals

Poor Comfort Environment and

Effects of Jet Lag
Poor Communication,
Leadership, Followership,
Teamwork, and DecisionMaking
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Livewarequintessentially it!
Liveware (or the human) is the most
important component of the SHEL model
The study of liveware interactions
between and among other SHEL
components requires a multi and inter
disciplinary approach, for example . . .

Medicine
Physiology
Psychology
Ergonomics
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