1.

Ongoing Student Activities

In contrast to the techniques listed under Quizzes and Tests in the following section, the
techniques in this category do not require students to devote time exclusively to assessment
activities. Instead, they require that the students be engaged in their usual learning activities
so that student performance can be observed and recorded.
Written Assignments
Formative assessment is typically contrasted with a summative assessment. The former
supports teachers and students in decision making during educational and learning
processes, while the latter occurs at the end of a learning unit and determines if the content
being taught was retained. (P Ainsworth 2006(Wikipedia))

Beaton, A.E., Mullis, I.V.S., Martin, M.O., Gonzalez, E.J., Kelly, D.L., Smith, T.A. (1996)
Mathematics Achievement in the Middle School Years. Boston: Center for the Study of
Testing. ERT/European Round Table of Industrialists (1997) Investing in Knowledge: the
integration of technology in European education. Brussels: ERT. European Commission.
(1995). Teaching and learning: Towards the learning society. Brussels: European Union.
Evaluation and Educational Policy Analysis.Panel on Educational Technology. (1997). Report
to the President on the use of technology to strengthen K-12 education in the United States.
Washington, DC: President

unmotivated persons becoming teachers. Central Government realized the need of

improving quality of education through the use of Television wherein most competent teacher
teaches the topic with the help of most appropriate teaching aids. This helped in improving
the quality of teaching in schools having no teacher to teach the subject, less competent
teacher, schools having poor or no facility of teaching aids, etc. Programmes offered through
television

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