Ecology Standards

-1.C.1:b

Species extinction rates increase when environment is not favorable

Stress=death

-2.A.1:d.2

In order to reproduce, free energy is needed. Leads to maintenance and

growth.
- Seasonal changes affect reproduction
-Life-History Strategy

-2.A.1:e

Decrease in free energy will result in a smaller population size, increase in

free energy will result in a bigger population size

-2.A.1:f

Free energy availability changes can affect an ecosystem negatively

- Producers level affect the number and size of other trophic levels
- Energy resources can affect the number and size of the trophic level
Example= sunlight

-2.A.2:a.1

Autotrophs, specifically photosynthetic organisms, get their energy from the

sun

-2.A.3:a.1

Carbon moves from the environment to organisms where it is used to build

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. Carbon is used in storage
compounds and cell formation in al organisms.

-2.A.3:a.2

Nitrogen from the environment moves to organisms to help build protein and
make nucleic acid. Phosphorous moves from the environment to organisms in
order to make lipids and nucleic acids.

-2.A.3:a.3

Polarity and hydrogen bonding determine water properties, which living

system depend on.

-2.D.1:a

Biotic and abiotic factors both affect cell activities through interaction
- Cell Density
-Biofilms
-Temperature
-Water availability
-Sunlight
4

-2.D.1:b

Biotic and abiotic factors affect an organisms activities through interactions

- Symbiosis
-Predator-prey relationships
-Water, nutrient ability, temperature, salinity

-2.D.1:c

The stability of populations, communities and ecosystems is affected by

interactions with biotic and abiotic factors.
-Water and nutrient availability
-Availability of nesting materials and sites
-Food chains and food webs
-Species diversity
-Population density
-Alga booms

-2.D.3:b

A disruption to the ecosystem can have an effect on the ecosystems balance

- Invasive/ eruptive species
-Human impact
-Natural disasters
-Water limitation

-3.E.1:b.1

An organisms behavior can change due to the signal behaviors a living

system makes. This can cause differential reproductive success in those
other organisms.
-Herbivory responses
-Territorial marking in mammals
-Coloration in flowers

-4.A.5:a

The structure of a community is measured and described in terms of species

composition and species diversity.

-4.A.5:b

Computer models are produced in order to illustrate and investigate

environmental impacts on the community, as well as populations interaction
with each other.
-Predator/prey relationships spreadsheet model
-Symbiotic relationship
-Introduction of species
-Global climate change models

-4.A.5:c.1

If there were no limiting factors, reproduction would result in the exponential

growth of a population.

-4.A.5:c.2

If a population exceeds the carrying capacity, there will be shortage of

resources for that system.

-4.A.5:c.3

As limits to growth due to density-dependent and density-independent

factors are imposed, a logistic growth model general ensues.

-4.A.5:c.4

Human populations can be studied through the use of demography, which

focuses on different age structures

-4.A.6:a

Energy flow, but matter is recycled.

-4.A.6:b

Primary productivity patterns are affected due to change in atmosphere

composition, as well as regional and global climate

-4.A.6:c

Food webs and food chains are intertwined. This causes the organisms
present in them to interact with each other.

-4.A.6:d

Primary productivity affects food webs and food chains

-4.A.6:e.1

Competition between the same species for resources can become a limiting
factor. This interrupts the growth of a population, and can be illustrated by
the logistic model

-4.A.6:e.2

Density-dependent population regulation depends on factors, such as

territoriality, health, predation, competition for resource, and the
accumulation of wastes

-4.A.6:f.1

As human populations grow, their affect on other species habitats become

magnified

-4.A.6:f.2

Human population growth can lead to the reduction of other species

population sizes, as well as habitat destruction. Depending on the severity,
this may lead to the extinction of a species.

-4.B.2:a.3

Interactions of unicellular organism population are similar to multi-cellular

organism populations interactions, which can lead to an increase in
efficiency, as well as utilization of energy and matter

-4.B.3:a.1

Competition, parasitism, predation, mutualism, and commensalism can

affect population dynamics.

-4.B.3:a.2

Interactions between population can be modeled mathematically to see the

positive and negative impacts on the relationship

-4.B.3:a.3

Many symbiotic relationships are present in an ecosystem. Feedback control

systems play a role in the functioning of these ecosystems.

-4.B.3:b

A population of organisms has properties that are different from those of the
individuals that make up the population. The cooperation and competition
between individuals contributes to these different properties.

-4.B.3:c

Species-specific and environmental catastrophes, geological events, the

sudden influx depletion of abiotic resources or increased human activities
affect species distribution and abundance.
-Loss of keystone species
-Kudzu
-Dutch elm disease

-4.B.4:a

Local and global level changes can be sped up due to human impact

-4.B.4:b.1

Biogeographical studies illustrate changes to ecosystem distribution caused

by geological and meteorological events

-4.C.2:a

Environmental factors influence many traits both directly and indirectly.

-4.C.2:b

An organisms adaptation to the local environment reflects a flexible

response of its genome.

-4.C.3:a

Populations ability to respond to changes in the environment is affected by

genetic diversity. Extinction is a risk for species and certain population that
arent genetically diverse.

-4.C.3:b

Genetically diverse individual s, within a population, have different responses

to environmental conditions that are the same.

-4.C.4:a

Natural and artificial ecosystems with fewer component parts and with little
diversity among the parts are less resilient to changes in the environment.

-4.C.4:b

Keystone species, producers, and essential abiotic and biotic factors

contribute to maintaining the diversity of an ecosystem. The effects of
keystone species on the ecosystem are disproportionate relative to their

abundance in the ecosystem, and when they are removed from the
ecosystem, the ecosystem often collapses.