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VXSHULRUHVD

Moment magnitude vs. hypocentral distance,
shalow crustal

Central America

8

7.5

7

6.5

6

5.5

5

4.5

4

3.5

3

1
10
100
1000

Hypocentral distance (km)

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SRUIDOODPLHQWRORFDO /DOtQHDLQFOLQDGDLQGLFDOD IURQWHUD HQWUHOD]RQDGRQGHKD\DXVHQFLDGHGDWRV \
GRQGHHVWRVVRQGHQVRV

shalow crustal, soil types
soft
hard
rock
8
7.5
7
6.5
Mw
6
5.5
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
1
10
100
1000
)LJXUD*UiILFRGH0ZYVGLVWDQFLDKLSRFHQWUDOFRQVHSDUDFLyQSRUWLSRGHVXHOR

Geometrical mean PGA vs. hypocentral distance,

shalow crustal, soil types
soft
hard
rock
1000
100
GM PGA c(cm/ss)

10
0.1
1
10
100
1000
)LJXUD*03*$YVGLVWDQFLDKLSRFHQWUDOVHJ~QORVGLVWLQWRVWLSRVGHVXHOR

shalow crustal, magnitude ranges
4 - 4.9
5 - 5.9
6 - more
1000
GM PGA c(cm/ss)
100
10
0.1
1
10
100
1000
)LJXUD*03*$YVGLVWDQFLDKLSRFHQWUDOSDUDGLVWLQWRVUDQJRVGHPDJQLWXGHV


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PpWRGRVGHUHJUHVLyQ

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6tDSDUHFHHOWpUPLQRFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDODDWHQXDFLyQLQHOiVWLFDDQWHSHQ~OWLPRWpUPLQR
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ODVGHVYLDFLRQHVHVWiQGDUDVRFLDGDV

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WLHQHSRFDLPSRUWDQFLDGHQWURGHODHFXDFLyQ

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UHVSHFWRDODURFDWDPELpQVRQVHPHMDQWHVHQWRGRVORVFDVRVFRQVLGHUDGRV\WLHQHQXQ
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Caso 1: 3 4
b5
b6
-0.00018 3.26359
Caso 2: 2 4
b5
b6
0.1646
0.11278
Caso 3: 3 2
b1
b2
-0.22828 0.65261
b3
-0.01377
b4
-1.09463
b1
0.18508
b2
0.50472
b3
-1.11803
b4
3.59823
b1
1.45279
b2
0.18577
b3
0.02808
b4
-1.37805
b5
b6
0.00147
5.63257
Caso 4: 2 2
b1
0.38662
b2
0.48772
b3
-1.15454
b4
-3.57197
b1
b2
-0.18751 0.55613
b3
-0.0058
b4
-0.92783
b1
0.12602
b3
-1.03591
b4
4.22442
b5
b6
0.13484
0.10846
Caso 5: 3 1
b5
b6
-0.00075 2.30174
Caso 6: 2 1
b5
b6
0.22075
0.11742
b2
0.49081
b7
b8
0.16439 0.1123
SD
0.42242928
SD
0.42157614
b7
b8
0.14036 0.11862
SD
0.46326974
SD
0.45912871
b7
0.21954
b8
0.11735
SD
0.4086
SD
0.4078

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Comparison for crustal, rock, Mw = 6
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
1000
100
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5
Case 6
10
1
1
10
100
1000
)LJXUD&RPSDUDFLyQHQWUHORVVHLVFDVRVFRQVLGHUDGRVSDUDPDJQLWXG0Z \FRQGLFLyQGHURFD/RV
URPERVQHJURVUHSUHVHQWDQODVREVHUYDFLRQHV

E
Case 5
Case 6
Case 1
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
10000
GM PGA (cm/s/s)

D
1000

100

10

1

0.1

1000
Case 5
100
Case 6
Case 1
10
10
100
1000
10
100
1000
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URFD/RVSXQWRVQHJURVUHSUHVHQWDQODVREVHUYDFLRQHV

Comparison for crustal, rock
10000
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
1000
100
Case 6 M6
Case 5 M6
Case 6 M5
10
Case 5 M5
Case 6 M7
Case 5 M7
1
0.1
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
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FRUUHVSRQGHDNP


Comparison different inversion methods, rock

Douglas M6
SigmaPlot M7
SigmaPlot M6
Douglas M5
Douglas M7
SigmaPlot M5
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
1000
100
10
1
1
10
100
1000
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VXHOR 6 , 6 ,, \ 6 ,,, SDUD 0Z \ VH PXHVWUDQ ORV YDORUHV REVHUYDGRV SXQWRV
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+%XQJXPFRPXQLFDFLyQSHUVRQDO

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SDUDXQDPDJQLWXG0Z

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HPEDUJR GHEH DFODUDUVH TXHSDUD HOSUHVHQWH HVWXGLR IXHURQ HOLPLQDGRV SUiFWLFDPHQWH
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EDVDQ HQ SULQFLSLRV GLVWLQWRV SRU OR TXH ORV UHVXOWDGRV QR VRQ GLUHFWDPHQWH
FRPSDUDEOHVDSHVDUGHTXHORVGDWRVSURYHQJDQGHXQPLVPRHQWRUQRVtVPLFR

10
100
1000
10000
F
10
100
1000
D
100
100
10
1000
1000
Crustal, soft, Mw = 6, case 6
10
Crustal, rock, Mw = 6, case 6
soft - SD
soft
soft + SD
rock - SD
rock + SD
rock
10
100
1000
G
10
100
1000
E
100
1000
100
10
Crustal, soils, Mw = 6, case 6
10
Crustal, hard, Mw = 6, case 6
1000
hard
soft
rock
hard - SD
hard
hard + SD

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FRUUHVSRQGHDXQFDVRGLVWLQWRVXHORGLIHUHQWHDOFRQVLGHUDGR

GM PGA (cm/s/s)
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
E
Log(obs)-Log(pred), crustal
Log(obs)-Log(pred), crustal
2.5
2.5
1.5
1.5
0.5
0.5
residuals
residuals

D

0
-0.5
0
-0.5
-1
-1
-1.5
-1.5
-2
-2
y = -0.2368Ln(x) + 0.8923
y = -0.1276x + 0.6376
-2.5
-2.5
1
10
100
1000
hypocentral distance (km)
magnitude
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*03*$FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDUHJLVWURVGHIDOODPLHQWRORFDOGH$PpULFD&HQWUDO
Comparison crustal, rock, Mw = 6, GM PGA

1000
GM PGA (cm/s/s)

100
this study
Schmidt et al, 1997
Dahle 1995
Zhao 2006
Spudich 1999
10
1
1
10
100
1000

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RWURVDXWRUHVSDUDGDWRVGHIDOODPLHQWRORFDO0Z \HQFRQGLFLyQGHURFD


GM PSA (cm/s/s)
GM PSA (cm/s/s)

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SVHXGRDFHOHUDFLyQ*036$SDUDSHULRGRVVHOHFFLRQDGRV

5HVSHFWRDOD*036$+]VHREVHUYDHQODILJXUDDORVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVSDUD
URFD \0Z FRQVXUHVSHFWLYDGHVYLDFLyQHVWiQGDU\HQODILJXUDEVHPXHVWUDQ
ODVWUHVFXUYDVTXHUHSUHVHQWDQORVWUHVWLSRVGHVXHORFRQVLGHUDGRV(QHVWHFDVRHVPiV
QRWRULDODGLIHUHQFLDFLyQHQWUHVXHOR6,,,EODQGRUHVSHFWRD6,URFD\DTXH6,,\6,
DSDUHFHQ FRPRFXUYDVPiVFHUFDQDV(VWDVLWXDFLyQHVPiVHYLGHQWHTXH HQHOFDVRGH
*03*$GRQGHODVWUHVFXUYDVVRQPiVHTXLGLVWDQWHVILJXUDGVLWXDFLyQHVSHUDEOH
\DTXHSDUD+]36$ODDPSOLILFDFLyQSRUSUHVHQFLDGHVXHORVEODQGRVVXHOHVHUPD\RU
TXHSDUDIUHFXHQFLDVDOWDVUHSUHVHQWDGDVSRUHO3*$

&RQVLGHUDQGR ORV UHVLGXRV QR VH REVHUYD XQ VHVJR R WHQGHQFLD HQ VX GLVWULEXFLyQ
UHVSHFWR D OD GLVWDQFLD KLSRFHQWUDO R D OD PDJQLWXG \D TXH OD OtQHD GH PHMRU DMXVWH
FRLQFLGH FRQ OD OtQHD GH UHVLGXR LJXDO D FHUR 6H REWLHQHQ DGHPiV UHVLGXRV Pi[LPRV
DOUHGHGRUGH\TXHVRQPHQRUHVTXHSDUDHOFDVRGH*03*$ILJXUDVD\
E

/D ILJXUD FRPSDUD ODV HFXDFLRQHV REWHQLGDV SRU GLVWLQWRV DXWRUHV SDUD *0 36$
UHVSHFWRDODGLVWDQFLDKLSRFHQWUDO(VHYLGHQWHTXHHOPRGHORSURSXHVWRHQHVWHHVWXGLR
VH PDQWLHQH SRU GHEDMR GH ORV GHPiV HQ WRGR HO UDQJR GH GLVWDQFLDV (Q YDULRV GH ORV
SURSXHVWRVSRURWURVDXWRUHVHVXWLOL]DGDODGLVWDQFLDDOD]RQDGHUXSWXUDRODSURSXHVWD
SRU-R\QHU %RRUH\HQHOSUHVHQWHHVWXGLRODKLSRFHQWUDOTXHFRPR\DVHGLMR
HVPD\RUSRUORTXHHVWHIDFWRUSXHGHMXVWLILFDUHQSDUWHORVUHVXOWDGRVREVHUYDGRV

Crustal, soils, Mw = 6, case 6
D Crustal, rock, Mw = 6, case 6, PSA 1hz
E

1000
1000

100
100

rock

rock + SD
10
rock - SD

10

1

0.1
1
1
10
100
1000
1
10
100
1000


)LJXUD 5HODFLRQHV GH DWHQXDFLyQ REWHQLGDV SDUD *0 36$ +] SDUD 0Z 6H PXHVWUDQ ORV
UHVXOWDGRV SDUD FRQGLFLyQ GH URFD FRQ GHVYLDFLyQ HVWiQGDU OtQHDV SXQWHDGDV \ ODV REVHUYDFLRQHV
SXQWRVQHJURVD\ODVUHODFLRQHVSDUDODVWUHVFRQGLFLRQHVGHVXHORE

rock
hard
soft
E
Log(obs)-Log(pred), crustal, 1Hz PSA
Log(obs)-Log(pred), crustal, 1Hz PSA

2
1.5
1
0.5
residuals

D
2
1.5
1

0.5

0

-0.5

-1
-1.5

-2

-2.5
1

0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
10
100
1000
magnitude
)LJXUD5HVLGXRVSDUD*036$HQIXQFLyQGHODGLVWDQFLDKLSRFHQWUDOD\HQIXQFLyQGHOD
PDJQLWXGE

Comparison crustal, rock, Mw = 6, GM, PSA

1 Hz
1000
GM PSA (cm/s/s)
residuals
100
this study
Schmidt et al, 1997
Dahle 1995
Zhao 2006
Spudich 1999
10
1
1
10
100
1000
)LJXUD&RPSDUDFLyQGHODUHODFLyQGHDWHQXDFLyQREWHQLGDHQHVWHHVWXGLROtQHDD]XORVFXUDFRQ

RWURVSURSXHVWRVSRUGLYHUVRVDXWRUHVSDUD*036$+]

/RVJUiILFRVGHODILJXUDPXHVWUDQORVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVSDUDFDVRVGLVWLQWRV\
SDUDODVWUHVFRQGLFLRQHVGHVXHORFRQVLGHUDGDV+RUL]RQWDOPHQWHVHFDPELDODGLVWDQFLD
KLSRFHQWUDOGHD\DNP\YHUWLFDOPHQWHVHDXPHQWDODPDJQLWXG0ZGHD
\D


6HREVHUYDQSULQFLSDOPHQWHODVVLJXLHQWHVVLWXDFLRQHV

3DUDXQDPLVPDPDJQLWXGXQDPLVPDOtQHDKRUL]RQWDOGHILJXUDVODVRUGHQDGDV
HVSHFWUDOHVGLVPLQX\HQSRUTXHDXPHQWDODGLVWDQFLDKLSRFHQWUDO

+DVWD V GH SHULRGR QR HV PX\ QRWRULD OD GLIHUHQFLD HQWUH ODV RUGHQDGDV
HVSHFWUDOHVSDUDORVGLVWLQWRVWLSRVGHVXHOR6LQHPEDUJRDSDUWLUGHHVWHYDORU
ODV FXUYDV VH VHSDUDQ WRPDQGR YDORUHV PiV DOWRV SDUD VXHORV 6 ,,, (VWH
FRPSRUWDPLHQWR HV GH HVSHUDUVH \D TXH ORV SHULRGRV PiV ODUJRV R IUHFXHQFLDV
EDMDVVHYHQPiVDPSOLILFDGRVHQVXHORVEODQGRV

6HREVHUYDTXHFRQIRUPHDXPHQWDODPDJQLWXGYHU~OWLPDOtQHDGHILJXUDVTXH
FRUUHVSRQGH D 0Z ORV HVSHFWURV DGTXLHUHQ XQD IRUPD PiV SODQD FRQ
QLYHOHVGH*036$PiVVHPHMDQWHVSDUDWRGRHOUDQJRGHSHULRGRVFRQVLGHUDGR
ORTXHHVFRLQFLGHQWHFRQHOKHFKRGHTXHVLVPRVGHPDJQLWXGHVDOWDVWLHQHQXQ
FRQWHQLGRIUHFXHQFLDOPiVDPSOLR(VWRVHHYLGHQFLDFODUDPHQWHDOFRPSDUDUOD
SULPHUDILJXUDGHODSULPHUDFROXPQD0Z FRQODWHUFHUDILJXUDGHODPLVPD
FROXPQD0Z

/D WHUFHUD ILOD 0Z PXHVWUD TXH DO DXPHQWDU OD GLVWDQFLD KLSRFHQWUDO
DXPHQWDQRWRULDPHQWHODGLIHUHQFLDGHODVFXUYDV6,,VXHORILUPH\6,,,VXHOR
EODQGRUHVSHFWRDOD6,DSDUWLUGHV\HVWRVXFHGHSUHFLVDPHQWHSRUTXHODV
RUGHQDGDV HVSHFWUDOHV SDUD 6 , URFD VRQ VHPHMDQWHV HQ WRGR HO UDQJR GH
SHULRGRVHVSHFWURPX\SODQR\DGHPiVHVHQHOUDQJRHQWUH\VGRQGH
ORVIDFWRUHVGHDPSOLILFDFLyQSDUD6,,\6,,,VRQPD\RUHV

(OSHULRGRFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDODPi[LPDDPSOLILFDFLyQSDUDURFD6,QRFDPELD
PXFKR QL HQ IXQFLyQ GH OD GLVWDQFLD KLSRFHQWUDO QL HQ IXQFLyQ GH OD PDJQLWXG
6LQ HPEDUJR HVWH SHULRGR Vt DXPHQWD FRQIRUPH VH LQFUHPHQWD OD PDJQLWXG HQ
IXQFLyQGHOWLSRGHVXHORSULQFLSDOPHQWHSDUDVXHOREODQGR6,,,

&RQVLGHUDQGR ORV WLSRV GH VXHOR HO UDQJR HQ HO TXH VH REVHUYDQ PD\RUHV
GLIHUHQFLDV HQWUH ODV RUGHQDGDV HVSHFWUDOHV YD GH V D V \ HV HYLGHQWH
SULQFLSDOPHQWHSDUDGLVWDQFLDVOHMDQDV\PDJQLWXGHVDOWDV

period (s)
0.1
period (s)
hard
soft
period (s)
soft
soft
10
10
10
period (s)
period (s)
rock
0.1
period (s)
hard
Crustal, M=7, D=50 km
0.1
hard
0.1
hard
rock
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
rock
soft
soft
soft
10
10
10
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
0.1
period (s)
hard
period (s)
rock
0.1
period (s)
hard
0.1
hard
rock
rock
soft
10
10
10
soft
soft
GM PSA (cm/s2)
GM PSA (cm/s2)
)LJXUD(VSHFWURVREWHQLGRVDSDUWLUGHODVHFXDFLRQHVHVSHFWUDOHVGHDWHQXDFLyQSDUDWUHVGLVWDQFLDVKLSRFHQWUDOHVFROFRO\NPFRO\SDUDWUHV

PDJQLWXGHV0Z ILOD0Z ILOD\0Z ILODSDUDORVWUHVWLSRVGHVXHORFRQVLGHUDGRV6LVPRVFRUWLFDOHV$PpULFD&HQWUDO
0.1
hard
rock
rock
0.1
hard
rock
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
10000
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
GM PSA (cm/s2)
GM PSA (cm/s2)
GM PSA (cm/s2)
GM PSA (cm/s2)
GM PSA (cm/s2)
GM PSA (cm/s2)
GM PSA (cm/s2)

/D WDEOD PXHVWUD ORV UHVXOWDGRV GH ORV FRHILFLHQWHV REWHQLGRV GH *0 36$ FRPR
YDULDEOH GHSHQGLHQWH SDUD SHULRGRV DVt FRPR OD GHVYLDFLyQ HVWiQGDU \ ODV ILJXUDV
DEFG\HPXHVWUDQODYDULDFLyQGHORVFRHILFLHQWHVHQIXQFLyQGHOSHULRGR

(QODDVHREVHUYDTXHEDXPHQWDOLJHUDPHQWHKDVWDOOHJDUDXQPi[LPRHQV\
OXHJRGLVPLQX\H(OUDQJRGHYDULDFLyQGHHVWHFRHILFLHQWHYDGHD3DUDHVWH
FRHILFLHQWH TXH GHILQH OD IRUPD JHQHUDO GHO HVSHFWUR GH UHVSXHVWD \D TXH HV XQ
FRHILFLHQWH GH HVFDOD VH REVHUYD XQ FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GH DFXHUGR FRQ OR HVSHUDGR
REVHUYiQGRVHXQPi[LPRHQV

(QODILJXUDEVHREVHUYDXQDXPHQWRGHEFRHILFLHQWHTXHHVFDODODPDJQLWXGGH
DHQXQUDQJRGHSHULRGRVGHVDV(VWRUHSUHVHQWDTXHODPDJQLWXGWLHQH
XQD LQIOXHQFLD PD\RU HQ SHULRGRV ODUJRV D SDUWLU GH V OR FXDO HV WDPELpQ XQ
FRPSRUWDPLHQWRHVSHUDGR\REVHUYDGRSRUDXWRUHVFRPR*DUFtDHWDO\$WNLQVRQ
%RRUH

(Q OD F VH REVHUYD TXH QR H[LVWH XQD WHQGHQFLD GHILQLGD SDUD OD YDULDFLyQ GH E
H[SDQVLyQJHRPpWULFDHQIXQFLyQGHOSHULRGRREWHQLpQGRVHXQPi[LPRHQVGH
\XQPtQLPRHQVGHVLHQGRHVWHUDQJRGHYDULDFLyQSHTXHxRSRUORTXH
SXHGH VHU FRQVLGHUDGR XQ FRHILFLHQWH EDVWDQWH HVWDEOH (Q HVWH FDVR WRGRV ORV YDORUHV
REWHQLGRVHVWiQHQWRUQRDSRUORTXHVHDVXPHXQDSURSDJDFLyQGHRQGDVHVIpULFD
7DSLD

/D YDULDFLyQ GH E GLVWDQFLD ILFWLFLD LQWURGXFLGD QR VLJXH XQD WHQGHQFLD SDUWLFXODU
ILJXUDGPRVWUDQGRXQUDQJRGHYDORUHVGHD

(QODILJXUDHVHPXHVWUDODYDULDFLyQGHODGHVYLDFLyQHVWiQGDUGRQGHVHREVHUYD
XQYDORUHVWDEOHHQWUHV\VFHUFDQRDXQLQFUHPHQWRHQWUHV\VGH
D\QXHYDPHQWHVHHVWDELOL]DDSDUWLUGHVHQ(VWHLQFUHPHQWRHQIXQFLyQ
GHOSHULRGRSXHGHHVWDUDVRFLDGRDORVSURFHVRVGHUHJLVWUR\SURFHVDGRGHODVHxDO\D
TXHD~QFXDQGRVHKDQ DSOLFDGRORVILOWURVVHxDODGRVORVSHULRGRVODUJRVSXHGHQ HVWDU
PiVLQIOXHQFLDGRVSRUHVWRVSURFHVRV


7DEOD9DULDFLyQGHORVFRHILFLHQWHVEDE\GHODGHVYLDFLyQHVWiQGDUSDUDSHULRGRVFRQVLGHUDGRV
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDHYHQWRVFRUWLFDOHV

3HULRG

IUHF

E

E

E

E

E

E

6'

Coef C1 vs. period

&RHIEYVSHULRG
Coef C2 vs. period
&RHIEYVSHULRG
E
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
C2
0.6
C1

D
1

0.5

0

-0.5

-1
-1.5

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

-4
0.01

F
-0.98

-1

-1.02

-1.04

-1.06

-1.08

-1.1

-1.12

-1.14

-1.16
0.01

0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0
0.01
10
0.1
period
10
period
Coef C3 vs. period

&RHIEYVSHULRG
Coef C4 vs. period

&RHIEYVSHULRG
G
10
9
8
7
C4
C3
6
5
4
3
2
1
0.1
0
0.01
10
0.1
period
10
period
SD vs. period
6'YVSHULRG
H
0.6
0.5
SD
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.01
0.1
10
period
)LJXUD9DULDFLyQGHORVFRHILFLHQWHVEEE\E\GHODGHVYLDFLyQHVWiQGDU6'VHJ~QODWDEOD
HQIXQFLyQGHOSHULRGRSDUDVLVPRVFRUWLFDOHVFRQGDWRVGH$PpULFD&HQWUDO

Amplification

5HVSHFWRDORVFRHILFLHQWHVTXHUHSUHVHQWDQODDPSOLILFDFLyQGHOVXHORE\EODILJXUD
DPXHVWUDODYDULDFLyQGHDPERVHQIXQFLyQGHOSHULRGR(VWRVVHPDQWLHQHQPiVR
PHQRVHVWDEOHV\VHPHMDQWHVHQWUHV\VSHURDSDUWLUGHDOOtHOFRHILFLHQWHE
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDVXHOREODQGRVXIUHXQJUDQLQFUHPHQWRKDVWDOOHJDUDXQYDORUGH
E HQ V (O FRHILFLHQWH E FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH D VXHOR ILUPH VXIUH WDPELpQ XQ
LQFUHPHQWR SHUR PXFKR PHQRU OOHJDQGR D XQ Pi[LPR GH E HQ V 6LQ
HPEDUJRDSDUWLUGHHVWHSHULRGRH[LVWHXQIDFWRUGHHQWUHE\E

/DILJXUDEPXHVWUDORVIDFWRUHVGHDPSOLILFDFLyQREWHQLGRVSRU=KDRHWDOE
SDUD -DSyQ FRQ EDVH HQ ORV SURPHGLRV +9 (V GH GHVWDFDU TXH VH REVHUYDQ
FRPSRUWDPLHQWRVVHPHMDQWHVSDUDDPEDV]RQDVVLVHFRPSDUDFRQODFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHD
$PpULFD&HQWUDOILJXUDDHQFXDQWRDODVIRUPDVGHODVFXUYDVSHURQRDVtDOYDORU
GHORVFRHILFLHQWHVTXHVRQPD\RUHVSDUDOD]RQDGHHVWXGLR

(OJUDGRGHPHWHRUL]DFLyQGHORVVXHORVHQ$PpULFD&HQWUDOHVHVSHUDEOHTXHVHDPD\RU
DO GH -DSyQ SRU DJHQWHV FRPR HO FOLPD $GHPiV JHROyJLFDPHQWH KDEODQGR -DSyQ HV
PiVDQWLJXRTXH$PpULFD&HQWUDOSRUORTXHHVGHVXSRQHUXQDPD\RUSUHVHQFLDGHURFD
DIORUDQWH R ELHQ PDWHULDOHV PiV FRQVROLGDGRV 3RU RWUR ODGR VH HVWiQ FRPSDUDQGR
IDFWRUHVGHDPSOLILFDFLyQREWHQLGRVSRUPpWRGRVGLVWLQWRV6LQHPEDUJRSDUD HOUDQJR
GHPi[LPDDPSOLILFDFLyQFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDXQSHULRGRFHUFDQRDVODUD]yQHQWUH
ORVIDFWRUHVGHDPSOLILFDFLyQHQWUHVXHOREODQGR\ILUPHHVFHUFDQDDVHPHMDQWHWDQWR
SDUD $PpULFD &HQWUDO FRPR SDUD -DSyQ R VHD OD GLIHUHQFLD UHODWLYD HQWUH HOORV HV OD
PLVPDSDUDDPEDVUHJLRQHVHQOD]RQDGHSHULRGRVGHPi[LPDDPSOLILFDFLyQ

(O KHFKR GH TXH OD Pi[LPD DPSOLILFDFLyQ REWHQLGD HQ HVWH HVWXGLR VHD PD\RU TXH OD
SURSXHVWDSDUD-DSyQSXHGHHVWDUUHODFLRQDGRWDPELpQDTXHDTXtIXHURQDJUXSDGRVORV
WLSRV GH VXHOR 6 ,,, \ 6 ,9 FRPR XQD VROD FDWHJRUtD GHQRPLQDGD VXHOR EODQGR
PLHQWUDVTXHHQORVJUiILFRVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVD-DSyQVHREVHUYDTXHODDPSOLILFDFLyQ
Pi[LPDSDUDVXHOR6,9HVPD\RUTXHSDUD6,,,

Soil coefficients, crustal

hard
soft
4

D
3.5

E
3
2.5

2
1.5

1
0.5

0
0.01
0.1
1
10

period (s)

)LJXUD &RPSDUDFLyQ GH ORV FRHILFLHQWHV GH VXHOR E \ E REWHQLGRV HQ HVWH HVWXGLR D \ ORV
HVWLPDGRVSDUD-DSyQVHJ~Q=KDRHWDOEREWHQLGRVFRQEDVHHQORVSURPHGLRVGH+9E


/DILJXUDFRPSDUDORVHVSHFWURVREWHQLGRVHQHVWHHVWXGLRSDUD0Z \GLVWDQFLD
KLSRFHQWUDOGHNPSDUDODVWUHVFRQGLFLRQHVGHVXHOR6,6,,\6,,,'HELGRDTXH
HQFDVRVFRPR'DKOHHWDO\6FKPLGWHWDOVHUHSRUWDQYDORUHVGH3*$\
36$Pi[LPRVVHVLJXLyHOSURFHGLPLHQWRSURSXHVWRSRU%H\HU %RPPHUSDUD
WUDQVIRUPDUHVRVYDORUHVD*03*$\*036$UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH

(QODILJXUDFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDURFDDHVHYLGHQWHTXHODVRUGHQDGDVREWHQLGDVFRQ
HOSUHVHQWHHVWXGLRVRQLQIHULRUHVDODVREWHQLGDVSRURWURVDXWRUHVHQFDVLWRGRHOUDQJR
GH SHULRGRV H[FHSWR GH D V GRQGH VRQ PX\ VHPHMDQWHV D ODV SURSXHVWDV SRU
'DKOH HW DO \ SRU 6FKPLGW HW DO 'HEH UHFRUGDUVH TXH ORV UHJLVWURV
REWHQLGRVHQFRQGLFLyQGHURFDVRQHVFDVRVHQHOSUHVHQWHHVWXGLR

/RV HVSHFWURV VH DFHUFDQ XQ SRFR PiV SDUD FRQGLFLyQ GH VXHOR ILUPH E SHUR
VLHPSUHORVREWHQLGRVHQHOSUHVHQWHHVWXGLRVRQLQIHULRUHV1RVHFRPSDUyFRQ'DKOHHW
DOGHELGRDTXHHVWDFRQGLFLyQGHVXHORQRIXHFRQVLGHUDGDH[SOtFLWDPHQWHSDUD
VXHVWXGLR

/DILJXUDFPXHVWUDODFRPSDUDFLyQGHORVHVSHFWURVSDUDVXHOREODQGR6,,,\VH
REVHUYDXQDVHPHMDQ]DFRQVLGHUDEOHHQWUHODVRUGHQDGDVHVSHFWUDOHVGHVGHDVGH
SHULRGR(VWDVHPHMDQ]DGH*036$HVWiDVRFLDGDDORVDOWRVIDFWRUHVGHDPSOLILFDFLyQ
REWHQLGRV HQ HO SUHVHQWH HVWXGLR SDUD OD FRQGLFLyQ GH VXHOR 6 ,,, HQ HVH UDQJR GH
SHULRGRVWDO\FRPRVHGLVFXWLyDQWHULRUPHQWH

)LQDOPHQWH HQ OD ILJXUD SXHGH DSUHFLDUVH OD FRPSDUDFLyQ GH ORV HVSHFWURV
REWHQLGRV D SDUWLU GH ODV HFXDFLRQHV GH DWHQXDFLyQ SODQWHDGDV SDUD VLVPRV GH RULJHQ
FRUWLFDO FRQ ORV HVSHFWURV GH GLVHxR SURSXHVWRV SRU HO &yGLJR 6tVPLFR GH &RVWD 5LFD
&),$SDUDDxRVGHSHULRGRGHUHWRUQRFX\DVRUGHQDGDVHVSHFWUDOHVIXHURQ
WUDQVIRUPDGDVGHDFHOHUDFLyQSLFRHIHFWLYDD3*$VHJ~Q/DSRUWH

(QODILJXUDDVHREVHUYDTXHHOHVSHFWURSURSXHVWRSRUODQRUPDFLWDGDFXEUHWRGDV
ODVRUGHQDGDVHVSHFWUDOHVREWHQLGDVSDUDXQVLVPRGHRULJHQFRUWLFDOGHPDJQLWXG0Z
\XQDGLVWDQFLDKLSRFHQWUDO'GHNPSDUDHPSOD]DPLHQWRVGHURFDHQ6DQ-RVp
&RVWD 5LFD SRU OR TXH SXHGH DILUPDUVH TXH VLVPRV GH PDJQLWXGHV \ GLVWDQFLDV
KLSRFHQWUDOHVLQIHULRUHVWDPELpQHVWDUiQFXELHUWRVSRUGLFKDQRUPD

3RUPHGLRGHODILJXUDEVHFRPSDUD HOHVSHFWURSURSXHVWRSDUD&RVWD5LFDSRUOD
QRUPD SDUD FRQGLFLyQ GH VXHOR ILUPH HQ 6DQ -RVp FRQ HO FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH D XQ VLVPR
FRUWLFDOGHODVPLVPDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVTXHHODQWHULRU0Z \' NP(QHVWHFDVR
VHREVHUYDXQDJUDQVLPLOLWXGHQWUHDPERVKDVWDXQSHULRGRGHVDSDUWLUGHOFXDOOD
QRUPD VH YXHOYH FRQVHUYDGRUD GHELGR D TXH HO GHFDLPLHQWR REVHUYDGR HQ HO HVSHFWUR
REWHQLGRFRQODVHFXDFLRQHVSURSXHVWDVHVPiVIXHUWH

/DILJXUDFFRPSDUDHOHVSHFWURGHODQRUPDGH&RVWD5LFDSDUDFRQGLFLyQGHVXHOR
EODQGR FRQ GRV HVSHFWURV REWHQLGRV FRQ ODV HFXDFLRQHV GH DWHQXDFLyQ SURSXHVWDV TXH
QXHYDPHQWH PXHVWUDQ XQ GHFDLPLHQWR PiV IXHUWH UHVSHFWR DO HVSHFWUR GHO FyGLJR 6H
SXHGHFRQFOXLUHQWRQFHVTXHSDUDHVWHFDVRHOHVSHFWURSURSXHVWRSRUODQRUPDVHXELFD
HQWUHGRVSRVLEOHVVLVPRVXQRGH0Z \' NPSRUHQFLPD\RWURGH0Z \
' NPTXHTXHGDSRUGHEDMRGHODQRUPDDPERVGHRULJHQFRUWLFDO\HVWLPDGRVSDUD
VXHOREODQGR

D
Crustal, Mw=6, D=50 km, rock

this study
Schmidt 1997
Dahle 1995
Zhao 2006
1000
GM PSA (cm/s2)
100
10
0.1
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
period (s)
E
Crustal, Mw=6, D=50 km, hard

this study
Schmidt 1997
Zhao 2006
1000
GM PSA (cm/s2)
100
10
0.1
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
period (s)
F
Crustal, Mw=6, D=50 km, soft

this study
Schmidt 1997
Dahle 1995
Zhao 2006
1000
100
GM PSA (cm/s2)

10
0.1
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
period (s)
)LJXUD &RPSDUDFLyQ HQWUH ORV HVSHFWURV HVWLPDGRV VHJ~Q GLVWLQWRV PRGHORV D SDUD URFD 6, E
SDUD VXHOR ILUPH 6 ,, \ F SDUD VXHOR EODQGR 6 ,,, FRQ ODV SURSXHVWDV SRU ORV DXWRUHV 'DKOH HW DO
6FKPLGWHWDO\=KDRHWDOD

Crustal, Mw=7, D=10 km, rock
D
this study
CSCR 2002
1000
3*$
GM PSA
100
10
1
0.01
0.1
10
period (s)
Crustal, Mw=7, D=10 km, hard
E
this study
CSCR 2002
10000
1000
GM PSA
3*$
100
10
1
0.01
0.1
10
period (s)
F
this study M7 D 10
CSCR 2002
this study M7 D50
10000
1000
3*$
GM PSA (cm/s2)

100
10
1
0.01
0.1
10
period (s)
)LJXUD &RPSDUDFLyQ GH ORV HVSHFWURV REWHQLGRV D SDUWLU GH ODV HFXDFLRQHV GH DWHQXDFLyQ FRQ HO
&yGLJR6tVPLFRGH&RVWD5LFD&6&5SDUDDURFDEVXHORILUPH\FVXHOREODQGR


(QHVWH DSDUWDGRVHSODQWHDQODV HFXDFLRQHVSUHGLFWLYDVGHOPRYLPLHQWRGHOVXHORSDUD
VLVPRV SRU VXEGXFFLyQ HQ &RVWD 5LFD HQ WpUPLQRV GH OD PHGLD JHRPpWULFD GH OD
DFHOHUDFLyQ SLFR *0 3*$ \ GH OD PHGLD JHRPpWULFD GH OD SVHXGR DFHOHUDFLyQ
HVSHFWUDO*036$SDUDHOGHDPRUWLJXDPLHQWR\SDUDIUHFXHQFLDV

(Q SULPHU OXJDU VH H[DPLQD OD GLVWULEXFLyQ GH 0Z YV OD GLVWDQFLD KLSRFHQWUDO SDUD
UHYLVDU OD FRPSOHWLWXG GH ORV GDWRV 6H SURSRQHQ PRGHORV XVDQGR GLVWLQWDV
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FRPELQDFLyQPiVFRQYHQLHQWHSDUDORVGDWRVH[LVWHQWHV

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ORV UHVLGXRV \ ILQDOPHQWH VH FRPSDUDQ FRQ ODV REWHQLGDV HQ HVWH HVWXGLR SDUD VLVPRV
FRUWLFDOHV\FRQODVREWHQLGDVSRURWURVDXWRUHVSDUDVLVPRVGHVXEGXFFLyQ

3DUD HO FDVR GH HYHQWRV JHQHUDGRV SRU SURFHVRV GH VXEGXFFLyQ VH GHFLGLy WUDEDMDU
~QLFDPHQWH FRQ VLVPRV RFXUULGRV HQ &RVWD 5LFD GHELGR D TXH VRQ ORV TXH VH WLHQHQ
PHMRU LGHQWLILFDGRV \ PiV FODUDPHQWH VHSDUDGRV UHVSHFWR D ORV GH IDOODPLHQWR ORFDO
DGHPiV GH TXH FRQ HVWH JUXSR GH GDWRV IXH FRQ ORV TXH VH REWXYLHURQ UHVXOWDGRV PiV
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VHOHFFLRQDGRV

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FDStWXORVSUHYLRV

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(Q FDVR GH TXH HO VLVPR QR KD\D VLGR SUHYLDPHQWH FODVLILFDGR VH FRQVLGHUy
GHQWUR GH OD FDWHJRUtD GH VXEGXFFLyQ WRGRV DTXHOORV FX\D SURIXQGLGDG IXHUD
PD\RURLJXDODNP
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LQFRPSOHWDV R LQFRUUHFWDV FRQ XQD DSDULHQFLD YLVXDO LQDFHSWDEOH R ELHQ FRQ
67$/7$PHQRUDRVXSHULRUD
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ODJUDQPD\RUtDGHHOODVFXPSOHFRQORVFULWHULRVGHFDOLILFDFLyQ$%R&

'H DFXHUGR FRQ OD WDEOD HYHQWRV GH VXEGXFFLyQ JHQHUDURQ UHJLVWURV
DFHOHURJUiILFRVGHORVFXDOHVVRORXQFRUUHVSRQGHQDVXHORVWLSR6,XQD6
,, \ XQ D 6 ,,, \ 6 ,9 8QD YH] PiV VH REVHUYD OD SRFD FDQWLGDG GH UHJLVWURV
SURYHQLHQWHVGHHPSOD]DPLHQWRVHQURFD

'HDFXHUGRFRQODVPDJQLWXGHV0ZXQGHORVGDWRVWLHQHYDORUHVHQWUH\XQ
HQWUH\\VRODPHQWHXQWLHQHPDJQLWXGHVVXSHULRUHVD


7DEOD'LVWULEXFLyQGHORVGDWRVGHHYHQWRVSRUVXEGXFFLyQSURYHQLHQWHVGH&RVWD5LFDGHDFXHUGRDO
Q~PHURGHHYHQWRVQ~PHURGHUHJLVWURVWLSRGHVXHOR\UDQJRVGHPDJQLWXGHV

1~PHURGHHYHQWRV
1~PHURGHUHJLVWURV
6HJ~QWLSRGHVXHOR

6

D

6,,

D

6,,,\6,9

RPiV

Mw
6HJ~QUDQJRGH
PDJQLWXGHV

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PDJQLWXGHV HQ IXQFLyQ GH ODV GLVWDQFLDV KLSRFHQWUDOHV \ VH REVHUYDQ ORV SXQWRV
GLVWULEXLGRV HQ IRUPD PiV R PHQRV KRPRJpQHD FRQ DOJXQDV ]RQDV GHVFXELHUWDV
VREUHWRGRSDUDPDJQLWXGHVDOUHGHGRUGH\GLVWDQFLDVLQWHUPHGLDVDVtFRPRSDUD0Z
\ GLVWDQFLDV KLSRFHQWUDOHV FRUWDV HQWUH \ NP &DEH PHQFLRQDU TXH OD
GLVWULEXFLyQGHGDWRVQRHVWDQGHQVDFRPRHQHOFDVRGHVLVPRVSRUIDOODPLHQWRORFDO
DQDOL]DGRVHQODVHFFLyQDQWHULRU


subduction

Costa Rica

7.5

7

6.5

6

5.5

5

4.5

4

3.5

3

10
100
1000


)LJXUD'LVWULEXFLyQGH0ZYVGLVWDQFLDKLSRFHQWUDOSDUDVLVPRVJHQHUDGRVSRUVXEGXFFLyQ&RVWD
5LFD

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SDUD VXHORV ILUPH \ URFD SDUD PDJQLWXGHV HQWUH \ (QWUH \ ORV GDWRV VH
GLVWULEX\HQHQIRUPDPiVXQLIRUPHSDUDVXHORVILUPH\EODQGR


subduction
soft
hard
rock
7.5
7
6.5
6
5.5
Mw

5
4.5
4
3.5
3
10
100
1000
)LJXUD'LVWULEXFLyQGH0ZYVGLVWDQFLDKLSRFHQWUDOSDUDVLVPRVJHQHUDGRVSRUVXEGXFFLyQVHJ~QHO
WLSRGHVXHORGDWRVSDUD&RVWD5LFD
GM PGA c(cm/ss)

/DV*03*$VHGLVWULEX\HQUHVSHFWRDODGLVWDQFLDKLSRFHQWUDOWDO\FRPRORPXHVWUDQ
ODV ILJXUDV \ 6HJ~Q HO WLSR GH VXHOR VH REVHUYDQ GDWRV GLVWULEXLGRV FDVL
XQLIRUPHPHQWHHQWRGRHOUDQJRGHGLVWDQFLDV\PDJQLWXGHVVLHQGRPiVHVFDVRVSDUD6
,

6L VH FRQVLGHUD OD GLVWULEXFLyQ GH ORV GDWRV UHVSHFWR D ORV WUHV UDQJRV GH PDJQLWXGHV
ILJXUDVHHYLGHQFLDODVHSDUDFLyQGHORVGDWRVGHDFXHUGRFRQHOORV\ODIRUPDHQ
TXH FDGD UDQJR VH DWHQ~D FRQ OD GLVWDQFLD FRORUHV D]XO URMR \ DPDULOOR HQ OD PLVPD
ILJXUD


subduction

soft
hard
rock
1000

100

10

1

0.1

10
100
1000


)LJXUD'LVWULEXFLyQGH*03*$YVGLVWDQFLDKLSRFHQWUDOGDWRVSRUVXEGXFFLyQVHSDUDGRVVHJ~Q
WLSRGHVXHOR&RVWD5LFD


subduction, magnitude ranges
4 - 4.9
5 - 5.9
6 - more
1000
100
GM PGA c(cm/ss)

10
0.1
10
100
1000
)LJXUD'LVWULEXFLyQGH*03*$YVGLVWDQFLDKLSRFHQWUDOGDWRVSRUVXEGXFFLyQVHSDUDGRVVHJ~Q
UDQJRVGHPDJQLWXGHV&RVWD5LFD

3DUDODVHOHFFLyQGHORVPRGHORVSRUVXEGXFFLyQIXHURQFRQVLGHUDGRVFLQFRFDVRVTXHVH
LQGLFDQHQODWDEOD6RQLGHQWLILFDGRVFRQGRVFLIUDV

/DSULPHUDFLIUDVHUHILHUHDOWLSRGHHFXDFLyQTXHVHJ~QORVWpUPLQRVGHODHFXDFLyQ
WLHQHODVLJXLHQWHIRUPD

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FRQGLFLyQGHOVXHORHQHOVLWLRGHUHJLVWURHQFDVRGHTXHVHDURFD6,6 + VLHO
VXHORHVILUPH6,,6 \+ \SDUDVXHOREODQGR6,,,\6,96 \+

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SHULRGRV

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FRUUHVSRQGHDODUHJUHVLyQRUGLQDULDGHXQSDVRPtQLPRVFXDGUDGRV
FRUUHVSRQGHDODUHJUHVLyQRUGLQDULDGHGRVSDVRV-R\QHU %RRUH

6LVHREVHUYDODWDEODODVPHQRUHVGHVYLDFLRQHVHVWiQGDUFRUUHVSRQGHQDORVFDVRV
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ESDUDURFD\PDJQLWXGHV0Z \UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH

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FRQVLGHUDGRVWDO\FRPRVXFHGLySDUDVLVPRVFRUWLFDOHV

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/RVFRHILFLHQWHVTXHUHSUHVHQWDQODDPSOLILFDFLyQTXHVXIUHHOVXHORILUPHUHVSHFWRDOD
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ILMDGD D NP \ TXH HQ HO FDVR HVWH QR IXH SRVLEOH HVWLPDUOR SDUD YDULRV SHULRGRV
HVWXGLDGRVLQHVWDELOLGDGHVGHOPRGHORVHGHFLGLyVHOHFFLRQDUHOFRPRHOPRGHORPiV
DSURSLDGRSDUD ORV GDWRV GH VXEGXFFLyQ 2WURV WLSRV GH HFXDFLRQHV UHVXOWDURQ VHU PX\
FRPSOHMDV\GHLPSRVLEOHVROXFLyQFRQORVGDWRVGLVSRQLEOHV

7DEOD&DVRVFRQVLGHUDGRVSDUDVHOHFFLRQDUORVPRGHORVSRUVXEGXFFLyQ6HPXHVWUDQORVFRHILFLHQWHV
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Caso 1: 3 2
b1
3.23497
b2
0.63887
b3
-0.02439
b4
-2.85607
b1
0.67366
b2
0.38804
b3
-0.88246
b4
12.35314
b1
-1.19277
b2
1.02348
b3
-0.04511
b4
-0.96722
b1
1.0597
b2
0.54079
b3
-1.57902
b4
26.73778
b5
b6
0.36179
0.10591
Caso 5: 13 1
SD
0.352
b1
0.49807
b2
0.5371
b3
-1.30061
b4
0.35955
b5
0.11626
SD
0.352
b6
38.28745
b7
0.14435
b8
-0.02726
b6
-0.01721
b6
13.53483
SD
0.413
SD
0.418
b7
0.35693
b8
0.1152
SD
0.351
Comparison for subduction, rock, Mw = 6

1000
GM PGA (cm/s/s)

b5
0.00744
Caso 2: 2 2
b5
0.14972
Caso 3: 3 1
b5
-0.00233
Caso 4: 2 1
100
Case 2
Case 4
Caso 5
10
1
10
100
1000
)LJXUD&RPSDUDFLyQHQWUHORVFDVRV\SDUDVLVPRVSRUVXEGXFFLyQVXHOR6,\0Z (Q
SXQWRVQHJURVVHUHSUHVHQWDQODVREVHUYDFLRQHVSDUDHVDPDJQLWXG\WLSRGHVXHOR

E
Comparison for subduction, rock, Mw = 7
10000
Case 2
Case 4
Caso 5
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
GM PGA (cm/s/s)

D Comparison for subduction, rock, Mw = 5

1000

100

10

1

0.1
100
1000
10

1000
Case 2
100
Case 4
Case 5
10
1
10
100
1000
)LJXUD&RPSDUDFLyQHQWUHORVFDVRV\SDUDVLVPRVSRUVXEGXFFLyQVXHOR6,\0Z D\

0Z E(QSXQWRVQHJURVODVREVHUYDFLRQHVSDUDFDGDPDJQLWXG\WLSRGHVXHOR

/RVPRGHORVREWHQLGRVFRQHOFDVRSDUDGLVWLQWDVFRQGLFLRQHVGHVXHOR\*03*$HQ
IXQFLyQGHODGLVWDQFLDKLSRFHQWUDOVRQPRVWUDGRVHQODVILJXUDVDEF\GGRQGH
ORVSXQWRVQHJURVFRUUHVSRQGHQDODVREVHUYDFLRQHVDMXVWDGDVDODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHVXHOR
6,6,,\6,,,UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH6HGLEXMDQDGHPiVODVFXUYDVUHIHUHQWHVD6'\VH
REVHUYDXQDGHFXDGRDMXVWHYLVXDOGHORVGDWRVGHQWURGHHVWRVUDQJRV3UiFWLFDPHQWHQR
DSDUHFHQ REVHUYDFLRQHV D GLVWDQFLDV LQIHULRUHV D ORV NP FRPR HUD GH HVSHUDUVH
GHELGRDODUHVWULFFLyQLPSXHVWDDORVGDWRVSRUVXEGXFFLyQ

/DILJXUDGPXHVWUDODVFXUYDVREWHQLGDVSDUDORVWLSRVGHVXHOR6,6,,\6,,,HQ
XQPLVPRJUiILFR\VHHYLGHQFLDXQDPD\RUDPSOLILFDFLyQUHODWLYDGH6,,,D6,,TXHGH
6 ,, D 6 , OR TXH SURYLHQH GH ORV FRHILFLHQWHV E \ E GHWHUPLQDGRV SRU HO PRGHOR
VHOHFFLRQDGRVHJ~QHOFDVRGHODWDEOD

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EHQIXQFLyQGHODPDJQLWXG6HREVHUYDHQDPERVFDVRVTXHORVUHVLGXRVVHXELFDQ
HQWUH W SRU OR TXH UHVXOWDQ VHU LQIHULRUHV \ PiV FHUFDQRV D FHUR UHVSHFWR D ORV
REWHQLGRVSDUDHYHQWRVSRUIDOODPLHQWRORFDO

5HVSHFWR D OD PDJQLWXG ORV UHVLGXRV GHFUHFHQ HQ IXQFLyQ GH HVWD \ HQ DPERV FDVRV
GLVWDQFLDKLSRFHQWUDO\PDJQLWXGODOtQHDGHUHVLGXRLJXDODFHURFRLQFLGHFRQODOtQHD
GHWHQGHQFLDSRUORTXHQRKD\XQVHVJRRLQFOLQDFLyQGHODPLVPD

6LVHFRPSDUDQODVUHODFLRQHVGHDWHQXDFLyQREWHQLGDVHQHOHVWXGLRSDUDVXEGXFFLyQFRQ
ODV GH VLVPRV SRU IDOODPLHQWR ORFDO ILJXUD VH REVHUYD TXH ODV *0 3*$ SDUD
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UHODWLYDVGH6,,,D6,,\GH6,,D6,VRQPX\VHPHMDQWHV3RURWURODGRHOGHFDLPLHQWR
PRVWUDGRSRUODVFXUYDVSDUDPRGHORVSRUVXEGXFFLyQHVPD\RU


$O FRPSDUDU ODV HFXDFLRQHV SUHGLFWLYDV GHO PRYLPLHQWR GHO VXHOR SURSXHVWDV SRU
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VLJQLILFD TXH HO PRGHOR SURSXHVWR WLHQH XQ GHFDLPLHQWR PHQRU FRQ OD GLVWDQFLD TXH HO
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\6FKPLGWHWDOTXHPXHVWUDQXQGHFDLPLHQWRD~QPHQRU\TXHSRUWDQWR
SUHGLFHQPD\RUHVYDORUHVGH*03*$DGLVWDQFLDVODUJDV

(VWD FRPSDUDFLyQ HV LPSRUWDQWH \D TXH 6FKPLGW HW DO WDPELpQ REWXYLHURQ
HFXDFLRQHVGHDWHQXDFLyQSDUDVLVPRVSRUVXEGXFFLyQDSDUWLUGHGDWRVGH&RVWD5LFD
SHURWDO\FRPRVHGLMRDQWHVORVUHVXOWDGRVQRFRUUHVSRQGHQDOPLVPRJUXSRGHGDWRV
\D TXH HQ SUHGRPLQDURQ ORV SURYHQLHQWHV GH LQVWUXPHQWRV DQDOyJLFRV \ ORV
PpWRGRVGHUHJUHVLyQXWLOL]DGRVVHEDVDQHQSULQFLSLRVGLVWLQWRV

100
1000
100
1000
soft + SD
soft - SD
soft
100
1000
10000
G
10
100
100
1000
100
10
Subdu, soils, Mw = 6, case 5, PGA
10
Subdu, hard, Mw = 6, case 5, PGA
1000
hard
soft
rock
hard + SD
hard - SD
hard
)LJXUD5HODFLRQHVGHDWHQXDFLyQREWHQLGDVDSDUWLUGHVLVPRVSRUVXEGXFFLyQUHJLVWUDGRVHQ&RVWD5LFDSDUD0Z \FDVRDSDUDVXHOR6,ESDUDVXHOR6

,,\FSDUDVXHOR6,,,/DVREVHUYDFLRQHVSXQWRVQHJURVVHKDQDMXVWDGRDODUHVSHFWLYDFRQGLFLyQGHVXHOR/DILJXUDGFRPSDUDODVFRUYDVREWHQLGDVSDUDORVWUHV
WLSRVGHVXHORFRQVLGHUDGRV
10
Subdu, soft, Mw = 6, case 5, PGA
10
rock - SD
rock + SD
rock
1000
10000
E
1
1
Subdu, rock, Mw = 6, case 5, PGA

10
10
100
1000
10000
F
10
100
1000
10000
D
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
D
E
Log(obs)-Log(pred), subdu
1.5
1.5
0.5
0.5
residuals
residuals

-0.5
-0.5
-1
-1
-1.5
-1.5
10
100
1000
magnitude
)LJXUD 5HVLGXRV SDUD HYHQWRV SRU VXEGXFFLyQ HQ IXQFLyQ GH OD GLVWDQFLD KLSRFHQWUDO D \ OD
PDJQLWXGE
Comparison subdu crustal, Mw = 6, PGA

10000
GM PSA (cm/s/s)

1000
crust-rock
crust-hard
crust-soft
100
subdu-rock
subdu-hard
subdu-soft
10
1
1
10
100
1000
)LJXUD &RPSDUDFLyQ HQWUH ODV UHODFLRQHV GH DWHQXDFLyQ SDUD VLVPRV GH IDOODPLHQWR ORFDO \
VXEGXFFLyQREWHQLGDVHQHOSUHVHQWHHVWXGLRSDUDODVGLVWLQWDVFRQGLFLRQHVGHVXHORFRQVLGHUDGDV/DOtQHD
YHUWLFDOPXHVWUDHOLQLFLRGHOUDQJRGHYDOLGH]SDUDODVUHODFLRQHVGHVLVPRVSRUVXEGXFFLyQNP

Comparison subdu, rock, Mw = 6, PGA

this study
Schmidt et al, 1997
Dahle 1995
Garcia 2005
Atkinson 2003
Cepeda 2004
Zhao 2006
10000
1000
GM PGA (cm/s/s)

100
10
0.1
1
10
100
1000
)LJXUD&RPSDUDFLyQHQWUHODVUHODFLRQHVGHDWHQXDFLyQREWHQLGDVSRUGLVWLQWRVDXWRUHVSDUDHYHQWRV
SRUVXEGXFFLyQSDUD0Z \*03*$/DOtQHDYHUWLFDOGHSXQWRVLQGLFDHOLQLFLRGHOD]RQDGHYDOLGH]
SDUDHOPRGHORSURSXHVWRHQHVWHHVWXGLRTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDNP

3DUD ODV UHJUHVLRQHV UHIHUHQWHV D OD PHGLD JHRPpWULFD HQWUH ODV GRV SVHXGRV
DFHOHUDFLRQHV HVSHFWUDOHV KRUL]RQWDOHV *0 36$ IXHURQ FRQVLGHUDGRV SHULRGRV
FRPSUHQGLGRVHQWUHV\V

3ULPHUR VH PXHVWUDQ ORV UHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV SDUD +] V GH SHULRGR \ PiV
DGHODQWH ORV HVSHFWURV FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV D WRGR HO UDQJR GH SHULRGRV PHQFLRQDGRV DVt
FRPR ODV FRPSDUDFLRQHV FRQ UHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV SRU DXWRUHV GH RWUDV UHJLRQHV GHO
PXQGR

/DV HFXDFLRQHV SUHGLFWLYDV HVWLPDGDV SDUD URFD 0Z DVt FRPR ORV YDORUHV
REVHUYDGRVDSDUWLUGHORVFXDOHVVHREWXYLHURQODVUHJUHVLRQHVVHPXHVWUDQHQODILJXUD
D 1yWHVH TXH HQ HVWH FDVR D GLIHUHQFLD GHO 3*$ YDULRV SXQWRV QHJURV
REVHUYDFLRQHV VH VDOHQ GHO UDQJR GHILQLGR SRU 6' (Q OD ILJXUD E VH SXHGH
QRWDUODJUDQDPSOLILFDFLyQTXHVHREWLHQHHQHOWLSRGHVXHOR6,,, \HVWRHVGHELGRDO
FRHILFLHQWHE TXHHVPX\VXSHULRUDOYDORUGHE TXHFRUUHVSRQGHDO
VXHORWLSR6,,DPERVFDVRVUHVSHFWRDODURFDYHUWDEODSDUDV

5HVSHFWR D ORV UHVLGXRV GH *0 36$ SDUD +] VH REVHUYDQ YDORUHV PD\RUHV TXH ORV
REWHQLGRVSDUD*03*$(QHOFDVRDFWXDODOJXQRVYDORUHVVXSHUDQ\GHUHVLGXR
SHUR OD PD\RUtD VH FRQFHQWUD GHQWUR GH HVH UDQJR ILJXUD D (Q OD ILJXUD E

GM PSA (cm/s/s)
GM PSA (cm/s/s)

GRQGH VH PXHVWUDQ ORV UHVLGXRV HQ IXQFLyQ GH OD PDJQLWXG VH REVHUYDQ YDORUHV DOWRV
SDUD 0Z GHELGR D TXH ODV REVHUYDFLRQHV VXSHUDQ D ODV HVWLPDFLRQHV HQ EXHQD
PHGLGD 6L VH DQDOL]DQ DPERV JUiILFRV OD OtQHD SURPHGLR FRLQFLGH FRQ OD GHO UHVLGXR
LJXDODFHURSRUORTXHQRVHHYLGHQFLDXQVHVJRUHVSHFWRDOLQFUHPHQWRGHODGLVWDQFLD
KLSRFHQWUDORDODPDJQLWXG

Subdu, rock, Mw = 6, case 5, PSA 1 Hz
D
E Subdu, soils, Mw = 6, case 5, PSA, 1Hz
1000
1000

100

100

rock
rock + SD
10
rock - SD

10
1

0.1
1
1
10
100
1000
10
100
1000
1
Hypocentral
distance
(km)
Hypocentral
distance
(km)

rock
hard
soft
)LJXUD 5HVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV FRQ ORV GDWRV GH &RVWD 5LFD VXEGXFFLyQ /D ILJXUD D PXHVWUD ODV
REVHUYDFLRQHV SXQWRV QHJURV WUDQVIRUPDGDV D URFD \ ORV UDQJRV TXH GHILQHQ 6' /D ILJXUD E
PXHVWUDODVFXUYDVREWHQLGDVSDUDORVGLVWLQWRVWLSRVGHVXHOR
E
1.5
1.5
1
residuals
residuals

D

0.5
0
0.5
0
-0.5
-0.5
-1
-1
-1.5
-1.5
10
100
1000
magnitude
)LJXUD5HVLGXRVREWHQLGRVDSDUWLUGHODVHFXDFLRQHVGHDWHQXDFLyQSDUD&RVWD5LFDVXEGXFFLyQHQ
IXQFLyQGHODGLVWDQFLDKLSRFHQWUDOD\HQIXQFLyQGHODPDJQLWXGE

GM PSA (cm/s/s)

6LVHFRPSDUDQODVHFXDFLRQHVREWHQLGDVGH*036$D+]SDUDGDWRVGHVLVPRVGH
IDOODPLHQWRORFDOFRQODVGHVXEGXFFLyQILJXUDVHREVHUYDTXHSDUDHVWDV~OWLPDV
ODV RUGHQDGDV HVSHFWUDOHV VRQ PD\RUHV VREUHWRGR HO HIHFWR GH DPSOLILFDFLyQ SRU
SUHVHQFLD GH VXHOR 6 ,,, HV EDVWDQWH PD\RU TXH SDUD VLVPRV GH $PpULFD &HQWUDO SRU
VLVPRVFRUWLFDOHV(OGHFDLPLHQWRGHODVFXUYDVEDVDGDVHQDPERVPRGHORVHVSDUHFLGR
\DTXHUHVXOWDQVHUEDVWDQWHSDUDOHODV

Comparison subdu crustal, Mw = 6, PSA 1 Hz

1000

100
crustal-rock

crustal-hard
crustal-soft

subdu-rock

subdu-hard

subdu-soft
10

1

1
10
100
1000


)LJXUD&RPSDUDFLyQHQWUHPRGHORVGHVLVPRVSRUVXEGXFFLyQOtQHDVURMDV\GHIDOODPLHQWRORFDO
OtQHDVD]XOHVVHJ~QHOWLSRGHVXHORSDUD0Z \+]GH36$

$OFRPSDUDUODVHFXDFLRQHVDTXtSURSXHVWDVFRQODVGHRWURVDXWRUHVVREUHWRGRDSDUWLU
GHOUDQJRGHYDOLGH]GHORVGDWRVGHOSUHVHQWHHVWXGLRNPSDUDVXEGXFFLyQGHILQLGR
SRU OD OtQHD YHUWLFDOSXQWHDGD HQ OD ILJXUD VH QRWD TXH ORV UHVXOWDGRVSDUD &RVWD
5LFDVHDVHPHMDQPXFKRDORVREWHQLGRVSRU*DUFtDHWDOSDUDUHJLVWURVHQURFD
GH VLVPRV SRU VXEGXFFLyQ HQ 0p[LFR $PERV FDVRV SUHGLFHQ YDORUHV GH *0 36$
LQIHULRUHV D FDVL WRGR HO UHVWR GH ORV PRGHORV FRQVLGHUDGRV D~Q FXDQGR ORV GHPiV
GHFDHQPiVIXHUWHPHQWHFRQODGLVWDQFLD$WNLQVRQ %RRUH=KDRHWDOD

+D\XQDFODUDGLIHUHQFLDFRQORVPRGHORVSURSXHVWRVWDQWRSRU'DKOHHWDOFRPR
SRU 6FKPLGW HW DO \D TXH HVWRV SUHGLFHQ YDORUHV PD\RUHV HQ WRGR HO UDQJR GH
SHULRGRV\WLHQHQXQGHFDLPLHQWRPHQRUFRQODGLVWDQFLD

Comparison subdu, rock, Mw = 6, PSA 1Hz

this study
Schmidt et al, 1997
Dahle 1995
Zhao 2006
Garcia 2005
Atkinson 2003
10000
1000
GM PSA (cm/s/s)

100
10
0.1
1
10
100
1000
)LJXUD&RPSDUDFLyQGHORVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVHQHVWHHVWXGLRFRQORVSURSXHVWRVSRURWURV
DXWRUHVSDUD+]*036$SDUDVXHOR6,\0Z

/DILJXUDPXHVWUDJUiILFRVTXHUHSUHVHQWDQORVHVSHFWURVGHUHVSXHVWDREWHQLGRV
FRQ ORV GDWRV GH VLVPRV GH VXEGXFFLyQ FRQVLGHUDGRV HQ HVWH HVWXGLR SDUD GLVWLQWDV
GLVWDQFLDVKLSRFHQWUDOHVGHNPNP\NP\YDORUHVGHPDJQLWXG0ZGH\

(Q WRGRV HVWRV FDVRV HV HYLGHQWH OD VLJQLILFDWLYD DPSOLILFDFLyQ TXH PXHVWUD HO WLSR GH
VXHOR EODQGR 6 ,,, HQ WRGR HO UDQJR GH SHULRGRV SHUR HV VREUHWRGR HQWUH \ V
GRQGH HVWH HIHFWR HV PiV QRWRULR (VWR VH DFHQW~D SDUD PDJQLWXGHV DOWDV GRQGH ORV
HVSHFWURVSDUDURFDUHVXOWDQVHUPiVSODQRV\SRUORWDQWRORVIDFWRUHVGHDPSOLILFDFLyQ
SURGXFHQXQHIHFWRPiVGUDPiWLFRYHU~OWLPDILODGHJUiILFRVGHODILJXUD

/RVHVSHFWURVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDPDJQLWXGHVEDMDV0ZLJXDODWLHQHQXQSLFRPiV
GHILQLGRDOUHGHGRUGHVORTXHHVGHHVSHUDUVH\DTXHFRUUHVSRQGHQDVLVPRVFRQ
XQFRQWHQLGRIUHFXHQFLDOPHQRUTXHVLVPRVPiVJUDQGHV

(VGHUHVDOWDUTXHHOVXHOR6,,DPSOLILFDUHODWLYDPHQWHSRFRUHVSHFWRDODURFDHQWRGR
HOUDQJRGHSHULRGRVLQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHODGLVWDQFLDKLSRFHQWUDORODPDJQLWXG\D
TXHODVFXUYDVTXHFRUUHVSRQGHQDORVWLSRVGHVXHOR6,\D6,,VRQEDVWDQWHSDUDOHODV

period (s)
period (s)
0.1
period (s)
hard
Subdu, M=7, D=25 km
0.1
hard
Subdu, M=6, D=25 km
rock
rock
0.1
hard
Subdu, M=5, D=25 km
soft
soft
soft
10
10
10
GM PSA (cm/s2)
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
10000
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
rock
pe riod (s)
0.1
pe riod (s )
hard
0.1
pe riod (s )
hard
Subdu, M=6, D=50 km
0.1
hard
Subdul, M=5, D=50 km
Subdu, M=7, D=50 k m
rock
rock
soft
soft
soft
10
10
10
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
10000
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
period (s)
0.1
period (s)
hard
0.1
period (s)
hard
Subdu, M=6, D=100 km
0.1
hard
rock
rock
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
rock
soft
soft
soft
10
10
10
0Z ILOD\0Z ILODSDUDORVWUHVWLSRVGHVXHORFRQVLGHUDGRV6LVPRVSRUVXEGXFFLyQ&RVWD5LFD
)LJXUD(VSHFWURVREWHQLGRVDSDUWLUGHODVUHJUHVLRQHVSDUDWUHVGLVWDQFLDVKLSRFHQWUDOHVFROFRO\NPFRO\SDUDWUHVPDJQLWXGHV0Z ILOD

0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
10000
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
rock
GM PSA (cm/s2)
GM PSA (cm/s2)
GM PSA (cm/s2)
GM PSA (cm/s2)
GM PSA (cm/s2)
GM PSA (cm/s2)
GM PSA (cm/s2)
GM PSA (cm/s2)

/D WDEOD PXHVWUD ORV FRHILFLHQWHV \ ODV GHVYLDFLRQHV HVWiQGDU FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV D
FDGDSHULRGRVHOHFFLRQDGR(VWRVVRQUHSUHVHQWDGRVJUiILFDPHQWHHQODVILJXUDVDE
F\G

6H REVHUYD FRPR E TXH VH UHODFLRQD FRQ OD IXHQWH JHQHUDGRUD GHO VLVPR
SUHGRPLQDQWHPHQWHGHFDHFRQHODXPHQWRGHOSHULRGRVREUHWRGRHQWUHV\VGH
XQ YDORU GH D ILJXUD D 6LQ HPEDUJR PXHVWUD XQ FRPSRUWDPLHQWR
HVSHUDGR\VHPHMDQWHDOGHVLVPRVFRUWLFDOHVVLHQGRPD\RUHVORVREWHQLGRVFRQVLVPRV
SRUVXEGXFFLyQ

3RU HO FRQWUDULR E FRHILFLHQWH GH HVFDOD GH PDJQLWXG ILJXUD E DXPHQWD FRQ HO
SHULRGRGHHQVDHQV(VWHFRHILFLHQWHVHFRPSRUWDHQIRUPDEDVWDQWH
VHPHMDQWHDOESDUDVLVPRVFRUWLFDOHVGH$PpULFD&HQWUDO\HVFRKHUHQWHFRQHOKHFKR
GHTXHODPDJQLWXGWLHQHPD\RULQIOXHQFLDSDUDSHULRGRVODUJRV

(OFRHILFLHQWHETXHUHSUHVHQWDODH[SDQVLyQJHRPpWULFDRDWHQXDFLyQHQIXQFLyQGHOD
GLVWDQFLD WLHQH XQD YDULDFLyQ PD\RU \ YDORUHV DOJR VXSHULRUHV TXH SDUD VLVPRV GH
IDOODPLHQWRORFDOLQFUHPHQWiQGRVHHQ HVWHFDVRGHHQV DHQVSDUD
OXHJRVXIULUXQGHVFHQVRKDVWDOOHJDUDXQYDORUGHILJXUDF

3RU RWUR ODGR OD GHVYLDFLyQ HVWiQGDU 6' WLHQH XQ OLJHUR LQFUHPHQWR JUDGXDO FRQ HO
DXPHQWRGHOSHULRGRGHVGHHQVKDVWDHQV(VWRVYDORUHVVRQDOJR
LQIHULRUHVDORVREWHQLGRVFRQVLVPRVSRUIDOODPLHQWRORFDOSDUD$PpULFD&HQWUDOSHUR
VX WHQGHQFLD DO LQFUHPHQWR HV VLPLODU ILJXUD G OR TXH WDO \ FRPR VH GLMR SXHGH
HVWDUDVRFLDGRDOSURFHVDPLHQWRGHORVUHJLVWURV

7DEOD&RHILFLHQWHV\GHVYLDFLRQHVHVWiQGDUSDUDSHULRGRVVHOHFFLRQDGRV6LVPRVGHVXEGXFFLyQHQ
&RVWD5LFD

3HULRG

IUHF

E

E

E

E

E

6'


Coef C1 vs. period

&RHIEYVSHULRG
D

Coef C2 vs. period

&RHIEYVSHULRG
E
1.2
0.8
C1
C2
-1
0.6
-2
0.4
-3
0.2
-4
-5
0.01
0.1
0
0.01
10
0.1
Coef C3 vs. period

&RHIEYVSHULRG
F
10
10
period
period
SD vs. period
6'YVSHULRG
G
0.6
0
-0.2
0.5
-0.4
0.4
SD
-0.6
C3

-0.8
-1
0.3
0.2
-1.2
0.1
-1.4
-1.6
0.01
0.1
1
period
10
0
0.01
0.1
period
)LJXUD5HSUHVHQWDFLyQJUiILFDGHORVFRHILFLHQWHVEDE\GHODVGHVYLDFLRQHVHVWiQGDUPRVWUDGRV
HQODWDEODSDUDVLVPRVSRUVXEGXFFLyQHQ&RVWD5LFD

/DILJXUDUHSUHVHQWDORVFRHILFLHQWHVGHOVXHOREVXHOREODQGR\EVXHORILUPH\
VH FRPSDUDQ FRQ UHVXOWDGRV VHPHMDQWHV REWHQLGRV SDUD -DSyQ SRU =KDR HW DO E
FDOFXODGRV D SDUWLU GH ORV SURPHGLRV GH ODV UD]RQHV +9 SDUD XQD JUDQ FDQWLGDG GH
HVWDFLRQHV FODVLILFDGDV VHJ~Q HO WLSR GH VXHOR 6H REVHUYD TXH E HV EDVWDQWH HVWDEOH
GHELGR D TXH WLHQH XQ YDORU SURPHGLR FHUFDQR D HQ WRGR HO UDQJR GH SHULRGRV
VHPHMDQWHDOREWHQLGRSDUD-DSyQ6LQHPEDUJREHVEDVWDQWHPiVDOWRTXHHQORVGDWRV
SURYHQLHQWHVGH-DSyQ\SDUDXQSHULRGRGHVOOHJDDXQYDORUGH(Q-DSyQVHOOHJD
DXQYDORUPi[LPRGHHQXQSHULRGRDOJRLQIHULRUDV

7DO\FRPRVHFRPHQWyHQHODSDUWDGRHVWHHIHFWRGHDPSOLILFDFLyQH[FHVLYDSRU
SUHVHQFLD GH VXHORV EODQGRV SXHGH GHEHUVH D TXH ORV VXHORV HQ $PpULFD &HQWUDO HQ
JHQHUDO WLHQHQ XQ JUDGR PD\RU GH PHWHRUL]DFLyQ \ GH PiV PDOD FDOLGDG TXH RWUDV
ODWLWXGHVGHELGRDTXHVRQWLHUUDVPiVMyYHQHV\TXHDGHPiVHQHVWHHVWXGLRHOVXHOR6
,,, VH DJUXSy D 6 ,9 SRU OR TXH HQ HVWXGLRV SRVWHULRUHV VHUtD PHMRU WUDWDUORV FRPR

G M PSA (cm/s2)

FDWHJRUtDV VHSDUDGDV VLHPSUH \ FXDQGR VH FXHQWH FRQ XQD FODVLILFDFLyQ GH VXHORV PiV
SUHFLVDEDVDGDHQHVWXGLRVJHRItVLFRVSDUDODPD\RUtDGHODVHVWDFLRQHVTXHVHWRPHQHQ
FXHQWD6LQHPEDUJRGHEHWHQHUVHSUHVHQWHTXHODFRPSDUDFLyQHQWUHDPERVJUiILFRVHV
GHFDUiFWHUFXDOLWDWLYDHQHOVHQWLGRGHTXHIXHURQREWHQLGRVSRUPpWRGRVGLVWLQWRVHQ
HOFDVRGH$PpULFD&HQWUDOORVIDFWRUHVIXHURQHVWLPDGRVDSDUWLUGHLQYHUVLRQHV\ORV
SURSXHVWRV SDUD -DSyQ FDOFXODQGR HO SURPHGLR GH ODV UD]RQHV HVSHFWUDOHV +9 SDUD
WRGDV ODV HVWDFLRQHV FODVLILFDGDV VHJ~Q HO WLSR GH VXHOR UHVSHFWLYR 6LQ HPEDUJR VRQ
UHPDUFDEOHVODVVHPHMDQ]DVHQFXDQWRDODVWHQGHQFLDV

Soil coefficients, subdu

hard
soft
5

D
4.5
4

3.5
E

E
E
E
3
2.5

2
1.5

1

0.5
0
0.01
0.1
1
10

period (s)

)LJXUD *UiILFRV TXH PXHVWUDQ OD YDULDFLyQ GH ORV FRHILFLHQWHV GH VXHOR E R VXHOR EODQGR \ E R
VXHORILUPHSDUDDORVGDWRVGHVLVPRVGHVXEGXFFLyQHQ&RVWD5LFD\EORVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVSDUD
-DSyQSRU=KDRHWDOE

/DVILJXUDVD\EFRPSDUDQORVHVSHFWURVSDUD*036$REWHQLGRVSDUDVLVPRV
SRUIDOODPLHQWRORFDO$PpULFD&HQWUDO\SRUVXEGXFFLyQ&RVWD5LFDSDUDUHJLVWURVHQ
URFD \ GRV GLVWDQFLDV KLSRFHQWUDOHV GLVWLQWDV \ NP 6H REVHUYDQ IRUPDV
HVSHFWUDOHV SDUHFLGDV HQ DPERV FDVRV VH HYLGHQFLD XQ SLFR HQ V \ VH QRWD FyPR
SDUDPDJQLWXGHVPiVDOWDVORVHVSHFWURVVHYXHOYHQPiVVXDYL]DGRV\KRUL]RQWDOHV3DUD
WRGR HO UDQJR GH SHULRGRV ORV HVSHFWURV GH VLVPRV GH VXEGXFFLyQ WLHQHQ RUGHQDGDV
HVSHFWUDOHVPD\RUHVTXHORVGHIDOODPLHQWRORFDO

D

100

10

1

0.1

0.01
0.01

Crustal and subduction, D=50 km, rock
crustal M6
subdu M5
subdu M6
crustal M7
1000
crustal M6
crustal M7
subdu M6
subdu M5
crustal M5
crustal M7
1000
100
GM PSA (cm/s2)
GM PSA (cm/s2)
Crustal and subduction, M=6, D=100 km, rock
E
crustal M5
subdu M7
10
0.1
0.1
1
period (s)
10
0.01
0.01
0.1
10
period (s)
)LJXUD &RPSDUDFLyQ HQWUH HVSHFWURV GH VLVPRV GH IDOODPLHQWR ORFDO OtQHDV FRQWLQXDV \ GH
VXEGXFFLyQ OtQHDV GLVFRQWLQXDV SDUD PDJQLWXGHV 0Z GH \ VXHOR WLSR 6 , \ GLVWDQFLDV
KLSRFHQWUDOHVGHNPD\GHNPE

$O FRPSDUDU ORV HVSHFWURV SURSXHVWRV SRU GLYHUVRV DXWRUHV FRQ ORV REWHQLGRV HQ HO
SUHVHQWH HVWXGLR SDUD 0Z \ GLVWDQFLD KLSRFHQWUDO GH NP VH REVHUYD TXH SDUD
URFDILJXUDDHVWHHVWXGLRFRLQFLGHEDVWDQWHELHQFRQHOGH*DUFtDHWDOD
SDUWLUGHORVVGHSHULRGR6LQHPEDUJRHQHOUDQJRGHDVORVPRGHORVSDUD
&RVWD 5LFD SUHGLFHQ PD\RUHV RUGHQDGDV HVSHFWUDOHV \ SDUD SHULRGRV LQIHULRUHV D V
HVWDVLWXDFLyQVHLQYLHUWHUHVXOWDQGRPD\RUHVODVGH0p[LFR

=KDR HW DO D VH PDQWLHQH VLHPSUH SRU HQFLPD GH WRGRV ORV PRGHORV DVt FRPR
VXFHGH FRQ ORV GH 'DKOH HW DO \ 6FKPLGW HW DO TXH VRQ
FRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHPD\RUHVDORVTXHDTXtVHSURSRQHQDSDUWLUGHV

6LVHDQDOL]DHOJUiILFRSDUDODVPLVPDVFRQGLFLRQHVGHGLVWDQFLD\PDJQLWXGDQWHULRUHV
SHUR SDUD VXHOR EODQGR ILJXUD E VH REVHUYD TXH ORV YDORUHV GH ODV RUGHQDGDV
HVSHFWUDOHVGHOSUHVHQWHHVWXGLRVXSHUDQODVSURSXHVWDVSRUORVRWURVDXWRUHVGHVGHV
KDVWD V $ SDUWLU GH HVH SHULRGR ODV FXUYDV VH DVHPHMDQ WHQLHQGR XQ GHFDLPLHQWR
PHQRUPD\RUHVYDORUHVGH*036$ODVSURSXHVWDVSRU'DKOHHWDO\6FKPLGW
HWDO2EVpUYHVHTXHQRVHFRPSDUDFRQ*DUFtDHWDOGHELGRDTXHSDUD
HVDVHFXDFLRQHVVRORVHFRQVLGHUDURQGDWRVSDUDURFD

/DDPSOLILFDFLyQGHVFULWDHQHOSiUUDIRDQWHULRUHVGHELGDDORVDOWRVYDORUHVREWHQLGRV
SDUD HO FRHILFLHQWH E SDUD VXHOR EODQGR 6 ,,, VHJ~Q OD WDEOD \ OD ILJXUD D
VLWXDFLyQTXHUHIXHU]DODLGHDGHTXHORVVXHORVEODQGRVHQHOiUHDGHHVWXGLRVXIUHQXQD
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GM PSA (cm/s2)

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SURSXHVWRDTXtSHURDPERVVRQPX\VHPHMDQWHVGHVGHVKDVWDV

Subdu, Mw=6, D=50 km, rock
this study
Schmidt 1997
Dahle

D
Zhao 2006
Garcia 2005

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.01
0.1
1
10

period (s)

Subdu, Mw=6, D=50 km, soft

this study
Schmidt 1997
Dahle 1995
Zhao 2006

1000
E

100

10

1

0.1

0.01
0.01
0.1
1
10

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Subdu Mw=7 D=25 Km, rock
D
CSCR 2002
this study
10000
GM PSA (cm/s2)
1000
3*$
100
10
1
0.01
0.1
10
period (s)
Subdu, Mw=7, D=25 km, soft
E
this study
CSCR 2002
10000
1000
3*$
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100
10
1
0.01
0.1
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D
Mw vs. hypocentral distance

Central America
Mexico
8
7.5
Magnitud (Mw)
7
6.5
6
5.5
5
4.5
4
1
10
100
1000
Hypocentral Distance (Km)

Mw vs. hypocentral distance, soil type
E
soft
hard
rock
8
7.5
Magnitude (Mw)
7
6.5
6
5.5
5
4.5
4
1
10
100
1000

Mw vs. hypocentral distance, source
F
crustal other
subd inslab
crustal reverse
subd interface
8
7.5
7
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6.5
6
5.5
5
4.5
4
1
10
100
1000
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GM PGA vs. hypocentral distance

Central America
Mexico
10000
GM PGA (cm/ss)
1000
100
10
0.1
1
10
100
1000
GM PGA vs. hypocentral distance, soil type

soft
hard
rock
10000
GM PGA (cm/ss)
1000
100
10
0.1
1
10
100
1000
GM PGA vs. hypocentral distance, source

crustal other
subd inslab
subd interface
crustal reverse
10000
1000
GM PGA (cm/ss)

100
10
0.1
1
10
100
1000

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Coeficiente
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-0.16744
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0.54247
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0.20375
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-0.00026
b9
0.12437
b4
0.01054
b10
-0.03808
b5
0.79777
b11
0.16331
b6
0.00062
b12
-0.09812
SD
0.3594

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D
0.1
10
100
1000
10000
F
crustal-other
10
100
1000
crustal-other
100
inslab
100
inslab
10
interface
Mw=5, depth=40, rock
10
interface
1000
crustal-reverse
1000
crustal-reverse
E
10
100
1000
10000
G
crustal-other
10
100
1000
crustal-other
100
inslab
100
inslab
10
interface
10
interface
1000
crustal-reverse
1000
crustal-reverse

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GM PGA (cm/s/s)
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
GM PGA (cm /s/s)
Mw=5, depth=40, rock, crustal unknown

crustal-other
+SD
-SD
10000
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
1000
100
10
D
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Mw=6, depth=40, rock, inslab

inslab
+SD
-SD
10000
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
1000
100
10
E
1
1
10
100
1000
Mw=7, depth=40, rock, inslab

inslab
+SD
-SD
10000
1000
GM PGA (cm/s/s)

100
10
F
1
1
10
100
1000
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1000

100

10

D

1

1

Mw=6, depth=40, soil types

crustal-rev stiff
Mw=6, depth=40,soil types

crustal-rev soft
inslab rock
inslab stiff
inslab soft
1000
100
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
10
E
1
10
100
1000
10
100
1000

D

2

1.5

1

0.5

0

-0.5

-1

-1.5
1

log (obs)-log (pred)
log (obs)- log(pred)
E
2
1.5
1
residuals
residuals
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0.5
0
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10
100
1000
Magnitude
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interface CA
crustal-reverse CA
interface Japan
crustal reverse Japa
1000
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
100
10
D
1
1
10
100
1000

interface CA
crustal-reverse CA
interface Japan
crustal-reverse Japan
1000
GM PGA (cm/s/s)
100
10
E
1
1
10
100
1000

inslab CA
inslab Japan
1000
100
GM PGA (cm/s/s)

10
F
1
10
100
1000

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ADVERTIMENT.

La consulta daquesta tesi queda condicionada a lacceptaci de les segents

ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptacin de las siguientes

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Razn espectral (H/V)

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Razn espectral H/V

Razn espectral H/V

Hypocentral distance (km)

Geometrical mean PGA vs. hypocentral distance,

Hypocentral distance (km)

Hypocentral distance (km)

Hypocentral distance (km)

Comparison for crustal, rock, Mw = 5

Comparison for crustal, rock, Mw = 7

Hypocentral distance (km)

Hypocentral distance (km)

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Hypocentral distance (km)

Comparison different inversion methods, rock

Hypocentral distance (km)

Hypocentral distance (km)

Crustal, soft, Mw = 6, case 6

Hypocentral distance (km)

Crustal, rock, Mw = 6, case 6

Crustal, soils, Mw = 6, case 6

Hypocentral distance (km)

Crustal, hard, Mw = 6, case 6

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hypocentral distance (km)

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Comparison crustal, rock, Mw = 6, GM PGA

Hypocentral distance (km)

Log(obs)-Log(pred), crustal, 1Hz PSA

Log(obs)-Log(pred), crustal, 1Hz PSA

hypocentral distance (km)

Comparison crustal, rock, Mw = 6, GM, PSA

Hypocentral distance (km)

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Crustal, M=7, D=50 km

Crustal, M=6, D=50 km

Crustal, M=5, D=50 km

Crustal, M=7, D=100 km

Crustal, M=6, D=100 km

Crustal, M=5, D=100 km

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Crustal, M=7, D=10 km

Crustal, M=6, D=10 km

Crustal, M=5, D=10 km

Coef C1 vs. period

Coef C2 vs. period

Coef C3 vs. period

Coef C4 vs. period

Crustal, Mw=6, D=50 km, rock

Crustal, Mw=6, D=50 km, hard

Crustal, Mw=6, D=50 km, soft

Crustal, Mw=7, D=10 km, rock

Crustal, Mw=7, D=10 km, hard

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