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Clayton Campbell
Professor Leslie Wolcott
ENC 1102
16 November 2015
Literacy Narrative
The Best Options for Alternative Fuel Sources In Vehicles
This bibliography attempts to portray the best options for an alternative fuel sources for
vehicles by retaining selected documentation of sources out of data bases, articles and
journals to prove the fact that these fuel sources are on the rise and will eventually be in
modern society.
Finding the most efficient mode of potable energy source and corresponding it to
the accurate type of transportation. This article pertains to anyone who drives any type
of motor vehicle, environmentalists, government workers who may subsidize these
concepts of efficient energy consumption and the general public depending on how
densely populated the area is based upon the demographic. Some terms that you may
need to know is Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) which are all battery powered engines
for cars that are rechargeable at a plug-in station and have a limited gas tank that is
used for reserves. The other cart being discussed is a Hydrogen Electric Car (HEVs)

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which is a car based solely off hydrogen and use is as a onboard fuel engine. These two
cars are the main talk of the next fuel source being used instead of fossil fuel powered
cars which is what everyone uses today. This conversation is due to the fact of the
environment being harmed from greenhouse gases which are a gas that contributes to
the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation, etc.
Engineers agree that the battery electric vehicles are going to be the best option
for the fuel economy and the environment. (1,2,3,4). They all researched the cost of the
battery electric car and its safety and how its going to help the environment. The
researchers did this by compiling multiple experiments on the consumer and their
driving behaviors along with the how much the consumer would be saving compared to
the regular vehicles being used.
The research done as shown in (1) by Bhat shows that the people more likely to
buy and effectively use the battery electric cars are people with a higher salary and that
live in urban areas in which they would have to drive to work and drive more frequently.
Than those in rural areas in which they are trying to save money and will drive less and
would prefer riding their bikes or taking the bus instead of using their vehicles
purchased. With these results once the rural people realize that they would be saving
money on these cars due to the fact of not having to buy gas as frequently which will

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make them drive more frequently just having to charge up at a station or t a public
charging place.
The safety with the battery electric cars are said to be one of the most safe cars
to try and fix or to drive in general (Lopez 3). In this study they did test on three different
types of cars the battery electric cars, hydrogen electric cars and hybrid cars. The data
being used is based of the casualties while the mechanics try and fix these vehicles.
The biggest injuries where caused by a high-voltage shock, others being hit by the
engine due to it being so quiet, the wiring of the car, and electric shock from a fuel cell.
The reason that the battery electric cars are the safest due to the research is that one all
the mechanics are trying to fix are the batteries in which power the engine to make the
car work properly. There is less opportunity to have the car hurt someone with the wiring
of the engine and battery thanks to the car using batteries and that we have been using
battery for years and know them extremely well. The main problem with these cars is
that they will be so quiet and could cause pedestrians to be struck by the car, du to the
fact that they may not be abel to hear it coming if they are not paying attention. The
reason for it being so quiet is that the battery keeps the engine quiet because there is
no gas being used and less torque which is what makes the most noise in a regular
vehicle.

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The main reason that the authors and researchers are creating this conversation
is so that these cars will help the environment and not release as much greenhouse
gases. In which is making the planet hotter and creating an opening in the o-zone layer.
The researchers in (1,2,4,) saw that the battery electric car releases the least amount of
these greenhouse gases. In which is the end goal that the world is trying to get when is
comes to environmentally friendly vehicles. These vehicles use a battery that is
chargeable and has a better gas milage then any car on the market now. The battery in
the car has wiring that goes to the engine and makes the engine work properly and
efficiently so that there is little to no gas thats required to operate these vehicles. The
researchers did a study on how much emissions of the greenhouse gases amongst cars
such as the standard vehicles being used today, the battery electric vehicle, the
hydrogen electric vehicle and the hybird cars. The future of the cars industry is going to
transform into battery electric cars due to the fuel economy and studies that prove that
they are the best available car on the market that will help people save money and help
the environment the best that we possibly can.
There is one gap or niche so to speak that needs to be talked about when it
comes to the battery electric cars. It is where is the rechargeable stations for these cars
going to be located. Will they be located in homes, gas stations, at work places. They
needs to be more research on this topic. Will thees rechargeable stations be located

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within 0.5 miles apart like gas stations or will it be even further such as a couple miles
apart.
This gap needs to be talked about due to the fact that these battery electric cars
are going to be starting to pop up everywhere and that is going to be one of the deciding
factors into whether or not someone is going to buy these type if cars. Due to the fat that
if they cant recharge easily or are in a rush to get somewhere and they don't have these
places or a place to recharge on the side of the road instead of having to charge at
home. They may run out of battery power and will have to either get it towed or taken
somewhere because it has to be recharged and they just cant go get gas or have
someone bring some to them so they can at least make it to the nearest gas station.
These are the cars of the future and engineers and researchers are going to have to
figure out the perfect distance between each rechargeable station, are they going to
charge people to recharge their cars like some on pays for gas, and whether or no
someone should have a rechargeable station put into their home in order so they may or
may not have to go to a station the side of the road. Another area being considered in
this conversation is that of whether or not their will be rechargeable stations at work.
The problem of the matter is that we don't have gas stations for the standard cars now
at works why should we have the rechargeable station at work as well. The only solution
that could come out of this argument is that they pay a certain amount of money to the

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workplace each month and they are able to use the battery rechargeable station at their
leisure, almost like having a gym membership but for gas at a workplace.

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Works cited

1) Bhat, Chandra R., Sudeshna Sen, and Naveen Eluru. "The Impact Of Demographics, Built
Environment Attributes, Vehicle Characteristics, And Gasoline Prices On Household Vehicle
Holdings And Use." Transportation Research Part B 43.(2009): 1-18. ScienceDirect. Web.
29 Oct. 2015.
2) Jones, Willie D. "Take This Car And PLUG IT." IEEE Spectrum 42.7 (2005): 10-13. Business
Source Premier. Web. 29 Oct. 2015.
3) Lopez-Arquillos, Antonio, et al. "Comparative Risk Assessment Of Vehicle Maintenance
Activities: Hybrid, Battery Electric, And Hydrogen Fuel Cell Cars." International Journal Of
Industrial Ergonomics (2015): 53. Academic OneFile. Web. 29 Oct. 2015.
4) The Importance Of Both Battery Electric And Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles."
Greentips (2014): 1-4. GreenFILE. Web. 29 Oct. 2015.

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