Fluid Mechanics

Civil A ( 3rd Sem.)

Name

Patel Vinay
Harsora Sarveshwar
Intvala Dipesh
Ahir Krunal

Roll No.
D. To D. - 011
D. To D. - 013
D. To D. - 014
D. To D. - 015

Flow Measuring
Devices

Flowmeters
Devices used to measure flow rate:
Venturi (based on pressure difference)
Orifice Plate (based on pressure difference)
Rotameter (based on drag forces)
Coriolis (measure mass flow rate)
Magnetic (magnetic field is used to measure
flow rate)
Ultrasonic (ultrasonic waves are used to
measure flow rate)

Manometers
The height of a liquid
column or difference of
height of two columns is
used to measured the
pressure:

p po gh

Venturi Effect
The Venturi effect is the reduction in fluid
pressure that results when a fluid flows
through a constricted section of pipe.
- The Venturi effect is a jet effect; as with
an (air) funnel, or a thumb on a garden
hose, the velocity of the fluid increases
as the cross sectional area decreases,
with the static pressure correspondingly
decreasing.

Venturi Meter
From Bernoulli Equation:
2
2
AB PA PB
v B,t
1

2g
g
AA
in theoretical velocity:
v B,act Cvv B,t
C v takes into account reduction
Flow mass is given by:
Cv AB vB,t
m
Substituting with know values we have:
0.962 Cvh1/2
m

Orifice Plate
An orifice plate is a device used for
measuring the volumetric flow rate. It uses
the same principle as a Venturi nozzle,
namely Bernoullis principle which states
that there is a relationship between the
pressure of the fluid and the velocity of the
fluid. When the velocity increases, the
pressure decreases and vice versa.

Orifice Meter
From Bernoulli Equation:
2
2
AF PE PF
v F,t
1

2g
g
AE
in theoretical velocity:
vF,act CvvF,t
Flow mass is given by:
CCCv AF v F,t
m
CC takes into account the area contraction:
CC

AF
AE

C D takes into account reduction

CD CCCv
Substituting with know values we have:
1.398 CDh1/2
m

Rotameter
-Pressure difference is constant in
the rotameter
-Peripheral velocity is constant
-To maintain a constant velocity,
the cross sectional area must vary
-This variation of cross sectional
area occurs as the float moves up
and down the rotameter.

Rotamet
A
er (cm) (mm)
18
16
14
12
10

Rotameter
(cm)

B
(mm)

C
(mm)

Time
Mass
E
F (mm) to Fill Flow(kg/s
(mm)
(s)
)

Average:

Calculate Calculate
d Venturi d Orifice
m (kg/s) m (kg/s)

Error
Venturi

Error
Orifice

Cv

Cd

HL Venturi HL Orifice
(mm)
(mm)

18

16

14

12

10

References
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venturi_effect
Atul Prakashn