NATURAL

VENTILATION

SUBMMITTED BY :KIRAN MAI DAS

B.ARCH IX
SEMESTER
DCA , ANJORA,

AIM-

TO STUDY THE APPLICATION OF NATURAL

VENTILATION AND TECHNIQUES USED TO MINIMIZE
EXTERNAL ENERGY AND ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF
BUILDING.

OBJECTIVE

TO STUDY HOW TO OPTIMIZE NATURAL VENTILATION

IN BUILDINGS AND TO MINIMIZE MECHANICAL
SYSTEMS FOR VENTILATION

TO STUDY THE SPECIFIC APPROACH AND DESIGN OF

NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEMS WHICH VARIES AND
BASED ON BUILDING TYPE AND LOCAL CLIMATE .
TO STUDY THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS AND

NATURAL VENTILATION
TYPES

WIND
BUOYANCY

WIND
WIND BLOWS THROUGH INLET ON
WINDWARD SIDE
AND COMES OUT FROM LEEWARD SIDE
FROM OPENINGS AND ROOF.
AN EXPRESSION FOR THE VOLUME OF
AIRFLOW INDUCED BY WIND IS:QWIND = K X A X V, WHERE
QWIND = VOLUME OF AIRFLOW (M/H)
A = AREA OF SMALLER OPENING (M)
V = OUTDOOR WIND SPEED (M/H)
K = COEFFICIENT OF EFFECTIVENESS

BUOYANC
Y:- OCCURS WHEN DIFFERENCE IN
BUOYANCY
TEMPERATURE OF OUTDOOR AND INDOOR
AIR
IT CAN BE TEMPERATURE INDUCED :- EG.
STACK VENTILATION
OR IT CAN BE HUMIDITY INDUCED :- EG.
COOL TOWER

TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE :TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

WARM AIR INSIDE AND COOL AIR OUTSIDE
CAN CAUSE THE AIR IN THE ROOM TO RISE
AND EXIT AT THE CEILING OR RIDGE, AND
ENTER VIA LOWER OPENINGS IN THE WALL.

HUMIDITY
INDUCED: THE COOL AIR IS HEAVY DUE TO ITS
HUMDITY CONTENT AND DROPS
DOWN TO THE INDOOR AREA .
IT CAN BE ACHIEVED PROPERLY WITH
A COOL TOWER OR WIND CATCHER
OR MALQAF AND BADGIR
COOL TOWER VENTILATION IS ONLY
EFFECTIVE WHERE OUTDOOR
HUMIDITY IS VERY LOW

WHAT IS NATURAL
VENTILATION ?
NATURAL VENTILATION IS THE PROCESS OF
SUPPLYING AND REMOVING AIR THROUGH A
SPACE BY NATURAL MEANS IT CAN BE ACHIEVED
WITH OPENABLE WINDOWS OR TRICKLE VENTS.

 NATURAL VENTILATION AND AIR MOVEMENT

CAN BE SIMPLY ACHEVIED BY STRUCTURAL
CONTROLS AS IT DOES NOT DEPENDS ON ANY
FORM OF EXTERNAL ENERGY SUPPLY OR
MECHANICAL INSTALLATION.

SECTION SHOWING AIR

WHY NATURAL VENTILATION ?

NATURAL VENTLILATION STARTED FROM
HISTORY ACCORDING TO THE DIFFERENT
CLIMATES

TYPICAL SECTION THROUGH SHAHAJAHANABAD

HOUSE. TO FACILITATE THE MOMENT OF COOL
AIR INTO THE HOUSE, PARAPETS ARE NOT BUIL

VARIOUS TECHNQUES USED IN OLD

TIMES :

MULTIDIRECTIONAL
WINDCATCHER

WINDOW FOR VIEW

AND JALI
VENTILATION USED
AT
AMBER FORT

DOUBLE
APERTURES USED
FOR ENSURING
VENTILATION
IN SHAHJAHANABAD
HOUSES

COLUMN COURTYARD COOLING SYSTEM-DIWAN E-KHAS, RED

WHY NATURAL VENTILATION

THEN PEOPLE
STARTED USING
EXTERNAL ENERGY
FOR THERMAL
COMFORT.

TIME PASSES AND IT

GROWNED UP IN
MORE SOPHISTICATED
WAY.

WHY NATURAL VENTILATION

AND AGAIN DUE
TO ENERGY
CRISES AND
COMLEXITY OF
INSTALLATION
AND FOR THE
NEW LINE OF
EVOLUTION
PEOPLE
STARTED USING
NATURAL
VENTILATION
FLOW OF AIR IN KANCHANJANGA APARTMENT

DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES TO
ACHIEVE NATURAL VENTILATION:

STACK EFFECT
WIND TOWER
COURTYARD EFFECT
SOLAR CHIMNEY

STACK EFFECT
:STACK EFFECT DEPENDS ON THERMAL
FORCES AND DIFFERENCE IN TEMPERATURE .
REASON OF STACK EFFECT : PRESSURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE
OUTSIDE AIR AND THE AIR INSIDE THE
BUILDING CAUSED BY DIFFERENCE IN
TEMPERATURE

Outdoor
air

Outdoor
air
Section


STACK EFFECT WORK WELL WINTER
HIGHER THE SHAFT AND CROSS SECTION
AREA
GREATER THE STACK EFFECT

MOTIVE FORCE STACK PRESSURE

STACK PRESSURE CAN BE
TEMPERATURE
CALCULATED FROM:- DIFFERENCE IN DEG C
PS =
HEIGHT OF THE
STACK IN M
STACK
PRESSURE IN

STACK VENTILATION
SECTIONS :-

TALL
ROOMS

TALL ROOMS AT
EDGE

TALL ROOMS
WITHIN

STAIRS AS
STACK

WIND TOWER
AIR ENTERS IN WIND TOWER THROUGH
OPENINGS- COOLED DOWN- BECOMES
HEAVIER AND SINKS DOWN ( PRESENCE OF AIR
MOVEMENT)
AFTER WHOLE DAY AIR EXCHANGE TOWER
BECOMES WARM IN THE EVENING .
TOWER WALLS ABSORBS HEAT DURING
DAYTIME AND RELASES AT NIGHT WARMING
COOL NIGHT AIR AT NIGHT.

WIND TOWER

A TYPICAL WIND TOWER SECTION

DIFFERENT TYPES OF WIND

TOWERS :WATER
SUPPLY

EVAPORATIVE
COOLING

MULTI DIRECTIONAL WIND

CATCHER

EVAPORATIVE COOLING

EVAPORATIVE COOLING
METHOD

WIND TOWER AND

EVAPORATIVE TECHNIQUE
USED IN INDIA :- VENTS CONNECTING
WIND TOWER

A VIEW OF THE WIND

TOWER USED IN A
HOSTEL BUILDING

WIND TOWER AND

EVAPORATIVE TECHNIQUE
USED IN INDIA :-

SECTION OF THE
BUILDING

PLAN OF THE BUILDING

EVAPORATIVE COOLING
SYSTEM IN TORRENT
RESEARCH CENTRE,
(AHMEDABAD)

COURTYARD EFFECT:DUE TO INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION IN A

COURTYARD, AIR GETS WARMER AND RISES ,
COOL AIR FROM GROUND LEVEL FLOWS
THROUGH THE LOWER OPENINGS
RADIATION TO SKY

LANDSCAPE OR WATER
BODY

SECTION SHOWING COURTYARD

HOW COURTYARD COURTYARD

EFFECT WORK:IN SUCH PLACES NIGHT VENTILATION IS NOT VERY
EFFECTIVE FOR COOLING AND NIGHT SKY RADIATION IS
THE ONLY ANSWER.
TO FACILITATE THE
PARAPET TOWARDS
ROAD SIDE TO AVOID
OUTSIDE HEAT

MOMENT OF COOL AIR

INTO THE
HOUSE,PARAPETS ARE
NOT BUILT TOWARDS
LIVING AREA

SECTION OF SAHAJANABAD DELHI

COURTYARD IN MODERN
BUILDING :VIEW

PLAN

SUNKEN COURTYARD
INSIDE THE BUILDING
WITH WATER BODY AND
LANDSCAPE

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF INDIAN STUDIES (GURGAON):-

NATURAL VENTILATION
EXTERNAL FEATURES:

ORIENTATION OF BUILDINGS
POSITION OF OPENINGS
CROSS VENTILATION
SIZE OF OPENINGS
OPENING TYPES

MASSING AND ORIENTATION OF

BUILDING: AS A GENERAL RULE, THIN TALL BUILDINGS WILL
ENCOURAGE NATURAL VENTILATION AND
UTILIZE PREVAILING WINDS, CROSS
VENTILATION, AND STACK EFFECT.
TALL BUILDINGSALSO INCREASE THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF NATURAL VENTILATION,
BECAUSE WIND SPEEDS ARE FASTER AT
GREATER HEIGHTS
Tall buildings improve
natural ventilation, and in
lower latitudes reduce sun
exposure.

OREINTATION :ORIENTING THE BUILDING

SO THAT THE SHORTER
AXIS ALIGN WITH THE
PREVAILING WIND

WHILE ORIENTING IT
PERPENDICULAR TO
PREVAILING WINDS WILL
PROVIDE THE LEAST
PASSIVE VENTILATION.

OPENING SIZE:-

SMALL
INLET

LARGE
OUTLE
T

Pairing a large outlet with a small

inlet increases incoming wind
speed.

OPENING TYPE:-

OPENING CAN BE ANY TYPE ACCORDING

TO THE BUILDING TYPE AND CLIMATIC
CONDITION

CROSS VENTILATION:-

WINDOWS OR VENTS PLACED ON

OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE BUILDING GIVE
NATURAL BREEZES A PATHWAY THROUGH

SCOPE
TO MINIMIZE THE EXTERNAL ENERGY OR
MECHANICAL SYSTEM.
IMPLEMENTATION OF NATURAL VENTILATION
SYSTEM- NATURAL DAYLIGHTING CAN BE PROVIDED.
THERMAL COMFORT CAN BE ACQUIRED WITH LESS
ECONOMICAL
BUDGET

LIMITATION CALCULATION OF WIND THROUGH

DIFFERENT TOOLS