Data Representation

Chapter 7

- ASCII

Von Neumann Architecture

7 bits , 27 = 128 characters

33 control characters
95 printable characters
o 10 dec digits, 26+26 Eng alphabets
o 33 space, punctuation marks, common symbols
-

Byte (8 bits) single character

- Unicode (UTF-8)

Unicode provides a unique number for every character

o no matter what the platform
o no matter what the program
o no matter what the language
Strings
sequence of characters

Logical Data
Each n-bit unit is viewed as consisting of n1-bit items
of data, each item having the value 0 or 1

Addresses
store the memory address

3 key concepts
o Data and instructions are stored in a single
read-write memory
Stored-program concept: instructions in
memory
o Contents of memory are addressable by
location, whether content is data or instruction
o Execution occurs in sequential fashion, unless
explicitly modified by certain instructions
Bus Interconnection
Bus
o communication pathway connecting two or
more devices
o System bus: bus that connects major (top-level)
computer components: processor, memory, I/O
Line
o Electrical connection transmitting digital states
System bus consists of dozens to hundreds of separate
lines, classified into three functional groups
Address lines

Width of address bus

n lines allow addressing 2n

unique memory locations

Maximum possible memory

Basic Memory Operations

capacity

Data lines

Width of data bus

= Amount of data per transfer

= Number of lines (bits) in the data

= Number of bits per memory

location

= 1 Word = Word length

Control lines
Control the access to & use of the data lines
and address lines

Read, write

Bus request, bus grant

Interrupt request, interrupt

acknowledge (ACK)

Clock, reset

Main Memory
o

word= group of n bits

n: word length = width of data bus

different systems have different word length

Processor Memory

Access Memory

Processor Memory

Write

bus

Read

Mean read or write

Word Addressing

Native memory addressing