toned ON 633 LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts Approved by Research Council on Structural Connections ofthe Engineering Foundation, June 8, 1988, [Endorsed by American Institute of Stee! Construction Endorsed by Industral Pasteners Institute 1. Scope ‘This Specification relates to the load and resistance factor design of structural joints using ASTM A325 high-strength bolts, ASTM A490 high-strength bolts orequivalent fasteners, and for the installation of such bolts in connections of structural steel mem- bers. The Specification relates only to those aspects of the connected materials that bear upon the performance of the fasteners. Design and construction shall conform to an applicable load and resistance factor ‘when the structure is subject to all appropriate load combinations. When a structure ‘or component ceases to fulfill the intended purpose in some way, itis said to have exceeded a limit state. Strength limit states concen maximum load carrying capacity, and thus generally are related to safety. Serviceability limit states are usually related to perfor- mance under normal service conditions, and thus usually are not related to strength or safety. (See Commentary. ) The term “resistance” includes both strength limit states and serviceability limit states. The design strength, OR, (nominal strength multiplied by a resistance factor), of ach structural component or assemblage must equal or exceed the effect of the fac- sored loads (nominal loads multiplied by load factors, with due recognition forload ‘combinations). Thus, both the foadi factor and the resistance factor must be known to determine the reliability of the design, identified in load and resistance factor design as the “safety index.” Although the load factors are not stated in this Specification, load criteria contained in American National Standard “Building Code Requirements Avturican Istrrurs oF Steet, CoxsiRUCTION