Wafa Alnaieem

Assignment 1
Curriculum Analysis
9/13/2015

1-The Agriculture Expansion Era in the USA

The History of agriculture in the United States covers the period from the first English settlers to
the present day. In Colonial America agriculture was the primary livelihood for 90% of the
population; most towns were shipping points for the export of agricultural products. Most farms
were geared toward subsistence production for family use. The rapid growth of population and the
expansion of the frontier opened up large numbers of new farms, and clearing the land was a major
preoccupation of farmers. After 1800, cotton became the chief crop in southern plantations, and the
chief American export. After 1840, industrialization and urbanization opened up lucrative domestic
markets. The number of farms grew from 1.4 million in 1850, to 4.0 million in 1880, and 6.4 million
in 1910; then started to fall, dropping to 5.6 million in 1950 and 2.2 million in 2008.
2- The Industrial Era/ Industrial Revolution in the United State
The real impetus for America entering the Industrial Revolution was the passage of the
Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812. Americans were upset over an incident with
the Chesapeake whereby the British opened fire when they were not allowed to search
the ship. They also seized four men and hung one for desertion. This resulted in much
public outrage and the passage of the Embargo Act which stopped the export of
American goods and effectively ended the import of goods from other nations.
Eventually, America went to war with Great Britain in 1812. The war made it apparent
that America needed a better transportation system and more economic
independence.
Therefore, manufacturing began to expand.
Industrialization in America involved three important developments. First,
transportation was expanded. Second, electricity was effectively harnessed. Third,
improvements were made to industrial processes such as improving the refining
process and accelerating production. The government helped protect American
manufacturers by passing a protective tariff.
3- Sputnik
Each of a series of Soviet artificial satellites, the first of which (launched on October 4, 1957) was
the first satellite to be placed in orbit.
4- The national defense Education act
(NDEA) was signed into law on September 2, 1958, providing funding to United States education
institutions at all levels.

It was one of a suite of science initiatives inaugurated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1958
motivated to increase the technological sophistication and power of the United States alongside, for
instance DARPA and NASA. It followed a growing national sense that U.S. scientists were falling
behind scientists in the Soviet Union, catalyzed, arguably, by early Soviet success in the Space
Race, notably the launch of the first-ever satellite, Sputnik, the previous year.
The act authorized funding for four years, increasing funding per year: for example, funding
increased on eight program titles from $183 million in 1959 to $222 million in 1960. However, in

the aftermath of McCarthyism, a mandate was inserted in the act that all beneficiaries must
complete an affidavit disclaiming belief in the overthrow of the U.S. government. This requisite
loyalty statement stirred concern and protest from the American Association of University
Professors and over 153 institutions.
5- The Elementary and Secondary Education Act
(ESEA) was passed as a part of United States President Lyndon B. Johnson's "War on Poverty"
and has been the most far-reaching federal legislation affecting education ever passed by the
United States Congress. The act is an extensive statute that funds primary and secondary
education. It also emphasizes equal access to education and establishes high standards and
accountability. In addition, the bill aims to shorten the achievement gaps between students by
providing each child with fair and equal opportunities to achieve an exceptional education. As
mandated in the act, the funds are authorized for professional development, instructional materials,
for resources to support educational programs, and for parental involvement promotion. The act
was originally authorized through 1965; however, the government has reauthorized the act every
five years since its enactment. The reauthorization of ESEA by President George W. Bush was
known as the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. The ESEA also allows military recruiters access to
11th and 12th grade students' names, addresses, and telephone listings when requested.
6- Title IX
It is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally
funded education program or activity.
7- The individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 1997 and The individuals with
Disabilities improvement Act of 2004.
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a federal law enacted in 1990 and
reauthorized in 1997 and 2004. It is designed to protect the rights of students with disabilities by
ensuring that everyone receives a free appropriate public education (FAPE), regardless of
ability. Furthermore, IDEA strives not only to grant equal access to students with disabilities, but
also to provide additional special education services and procedural safeguards.
Special education services are individualized to meet the unique needs of students with disabilities
and are provided in the least restrictive environment. Special education may include individual or
small group instruction, curriculum or teaching modifications, assistive technology, transition
services and other specialized services such as physical, occupational, and speech therapy. These
services are provided in accordance with an Individualized Education Program (IEP), which is
specifically tailored to the unique needs of each student

8- SECTION 405 OF The Rehabilitation Act of 1973

No otherwise qualified individual with a disability in the United States, as defined in
section 705 (20) of this title, shall, solely by reason of his or her disability, be excluded
from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination
under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance or under any
program or activity conducted by any Executive agency or by the United States Postal
Service. The head of each such agency shall promulgate such regulations as may be
necessary to carry out the amendments to this section made by the Rehabilitation,
Comprehensive Services, and Development Disabilities Act of 1978. Copies of any
proposed regulations shall be submitted to appropriate authorizing committees of the
Congress, and such regulation may take effect no earlier than the thirtieth day after
the date of which such regulation is so submitted to such committees.

9- A Nation At Risk Report

A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform is the 1983 report of American
President Ronald Reagan's National Commission on Excellence in Education. Its
publication is considered a landmark event in modern American educational history.
Among other things, the report
contributed to the ever-growing assertion that American schools were failing,[ and it
touched off a wave of local, state, and federal reform effort.
10- No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
It is a United States Act of Congress that is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary
Education Act, which included Title I, the government's flagship aid program for disadvantaged
students. NCLB supports standards-based education reform based on the premise that setting high
standards and establishing measurable goals can improve individual outcomes in education.
The Act requires states to develop assessments in basic skills. To receive federal school funding,
states must give these assessments to all students at select grade levels. The Act does not assert a
national achievement standard. Each individual state develops its own standards. NCLB expanded
the federal role in public education through further emphasis on annual testing, annual academic
progress, report cards, and teacher qualifications, as well as significant changes in funding. [3]
The bill passed in the U.S. Congress with bipartisan support.