RunningHead:SolubilityBonds

BondsandSolubilitiesofMaterials

AshDawsonPeriod5
11515
CPChemistry
SantaSusanaHighSchool

RunningHead:SolubilityBonds

Introduction

Purpose:
Thepurposeofthelabistodiscoverhowacompoundssolubilitycanbeusedto
predictthetypeofbondsitcontains.
ScientificPrinciples
:chemicalbonds,solubility,ionic,nonpolarcovalent,polarcovalent
SafetyConsiderations:
Weargogglesatalltimes,avoidbreathingvapors,avoidskincontact,
andkeepmaterialsawayfromflame.
Citations:
(Wilbrahametal,2007),(LeMayetal,2000),(Clark,2012)

MaterialsandMethods

Materials:
Goggles,fourtesttubes,testtuberack,10mLgraduatedcylinder,tapwater,ethanol
(C
H
OH),glycerol(C
H
O
),vegetableoil,microspatula,sodiumchloride(NaCl),potassium
2
5
3
8
3
chloride(KCl),sodiumiodide(NaI),iodine(I
),camphor(C
H
O),sucrose(C
H
O
),andfour
2
10
16
6
12
6
stoppersthatfitthetesttubes.

Methods:
PutonGogglesforsafetypurposes.Addwater,ethanol,vegetableoil,andglycerol
intoeachoneofthetesttubesonthetesttuberackasthesolvent.Thesolutesbeingtestedwith
thesesolventsare:sodiumchloride,potassiumchloride,sodiumiodide,iodine,camphor,and
sucrose.Startwithonesoluteandputsomeineachsolvent.Mixwiththemicrospatulaandput
thestoppersontopofthetubes.Recordhowsoluablethesolutewasinthesolvent,then
thoroughlycleanthetubesandusethesamesolventstotestandrecordfortheothersolutes.

ResultsandAnalysis

DataTable#1:SolubilityofSolids

Water

Ethanol

Vegetableoil

Glycerol

NaCl

soluble

notsoluble

notsoluble

notsoluble

KCl

partiallysoluble

soluble

notsoluble

notsoluble

NaI

soluble

notsoluble

notsoluble

notsoluble

I
2

notsoluble

soluble

partiallysoluble

partiallysoluble

Camphor

notsoluble

soluble

partiallysoluble

partiallysoluble

Sucrose

soluble

partiallysoluble

notsoluble

notsoluble

RunningHead:SolubilityBonds

DataTable#2:SolubilityofLiquids

Ethanol

VegetableOil

Glycerol

Water

notsoluble

notsoluble

notsoluble

Ethanol

soluble

notsoluble

soluble

VegetableOil

notsoluble

soluble

soluble

Conclusions

Thesolubilityofasubstanceincertainsolventscandeterminewhetherithasionic,polar
covalent,ornonpolarcovalentbonds(LeMayetal,2000).Acovalentbondismadewhentwoor
moreatomsshareelectron(s).Nonpolarcovalentbondshaveequalpullwhilepolarbondshave
slightlydifferentchargesoneitherend(Wilbrahametal,2007).Thesubstancesaresolublein
solventswithsimilarbond(LeMayetal,2000).Forexample,nonpolarcovalentethanoldoes
notdissolveionicsodiumiodinebecausetheyhavedifferentbonds.Therewereproblems
determiningwhetherornotasolventwasionic,polarcovalent,ornonpolarcovalent.Thewater
wasionic,theethanolwasnonpolarcovalent,thevegetableoilwasnonpolarcovalentandthe
glycerolwaspolarcovalent(Clark,2012).Thiscausedproblemsinidentifyingthetypeofbonds
withinthesolutesaswell.Perhapsthewaytofindthetypesofbondscanbemademoreclear.

RunningHead:SolubilityBonds

Citations

Wilbraham,A.C.,Staley,D.D.,Matta,M.S.,andWaterman,E.L.(2007).Chemistry.Boston,
MA:PearsonPrenticeHall.

LeMay,H.E.,Beall,H.,Robblee,K.M.,andBrower,D.C.,(2000).Chemistry:Connectionsto
OurChangingWorld,LaboratoryManual.UpperSaddleRiver,NJ:PrenticeHall.

Clark,Jim."DecidingBondTypefromPhysicalProperties."DecidingBondTypefromPhysical
Properties.N.p.,2012.Web.12Nov.2015.

RunningHead:SolubilityBonds

PreLabQuestions

1. Thethreetypesofchemicalbondsarenonpolarcovalent,polarcovalent,andionic.NO,
therecanbeacombinationofdifferentbonds.
2. Skincontactwithiodineshouldbeavoided.
3. CompoundXmostlikelycontainspolarcovalentbonds,becauseitdissolvesinwater,
whichispolarandpolarcovalentbondstendtodissolveinliquidswithpolarcovalent
bonds.

1.

2.
3.
4.

PostLabQuestions

CriticalThinking:AnalysisandConclusions

TheNaClwasmadeofionicbonds.TheKClwasmadeofpolarcovalentbonds.TheNaI
wasmadeofionicbonds.TheI
wasmadeofnonpolarcovalentbonds.Thecamphorwas
2
madeofnonpolarbonds.Thesucrosewasmadeofpolarcovalentbonds.
Water,Ethanol,andGlycerolarepolarandVegetableoilisnonpolar.
NaClismadeofionicbondsandvegetableoilisnotpolarsoitwasnosolubleinit.
Iodineismadeofnonpolarcovalentbondsandvegetableoilisnotpolarsoitwassoluble
invegetableoil,butnotinwaterbecausewaterispolar.

CriticalThinking:Applications

1. Thenonpolarbondsofthevegetableoildoesnotbondwiththevinegar,oraceticacid.
Shakingitmixesthemtogethertemporarily.
2. Nonpolarcleaningagentswouldbebestatdissolvingoilystains.