Section 6.

2 Volume by Cylindrical Shells

3. For the sketch given, c 0, d 2;

shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0
d

21y ay# b dy 21'0

y$ dy 21 y4

4. For the sketch given, c 0, d 3;

shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y c3
a3
y# bd dy 21 '0
d

#
!

21

y$ dy 21 y4

5. For the sketch given, a 0, b 3;

shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x x#  1 dx;
b

u x#  1 du 2x dx; x 0 u 1, x 3 u 4
V 1'1 u"# du 1
23 u$# "
%

21
3

4$#
1 231 (8
1)

141
3

6. For the sketch given, a 0, b 3;

shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x x9x
dx;
$b9
b

cu x$  9 du 3x# dx 3 du 9x# dx; x 0 u 9, x 3 u 36d

V 21 '9 3uc"# du 61
2u"# * 121 36
9 361
$'

36

7. a 0, b 2;

shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x
x

x2 dx
b

'0 21x#
2

3
#

dx 1 '0 3x# dx 1 cx$ d ! 81

2

8. a 0, b 1;

shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x 2x
x2 dx
b

1 '0 2 3x# dx 1 ' 3x# dx 1 cx$ d ! 1

1

"

9. a 0, b 1;

shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x c(2
x)
x# d dx
b

21'0 a2x
x#
x$ b dx 21 x#

1

21 1

"
3

4" 21 12 c124 c 3

x$
3

101
12

"
x%
4 !

51
6

3
!

91
#

371

372

Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals

10. a 0, b 1;

shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x ca2
x# b
x# d dx
b

21'0 x a2
2x# b dx 41'0 ax
x$ b dx

1

"
x%
4 !

41 x#

41 "2
4" 1

11. a 0, b 1;

shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x
x
(2x
1) dx
b

"
21'0 x$#
2x#  x dx 21
25 x&#
23 x$  "# x# !
1

21 25

2
3

b 15
 "# 21 12 c 20

30

71
15

12. a ", b 4;

shell
shell
V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '1 21x 32 xc"# dx
b

31'1 x"# dx 31
23 x$# " 21 4$#
"

%

21(8
1) 141

13. (a) xf(x)

xf(x)

sin x, 0  x 1
0x1
xf(x)
; since sin 0 0 we have
0, x 0
x, x 0

sin x
x ,

sin x, 0  x 1
xf(x) sin x, 0 x 1
sin x, x 0

shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x f(x) dx and x f(x) sin x, 0 x 1 by part (a)
1

V 21'0 sin x dx 21[
cos x]1! 21(
cos 1  cos 0) 41

1

tan# x
x ,

tan# x, 0  x 1/4
0  x 14
xg(x)
; since tan 0 0 we have
0, x 0
x 0, x 0
tan# x, 0  x 1/4
xg(x) tan# x, 0 x 1/4
xg(x)
tan# x, x 0

14. (a) xg(x)

shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x g(x) dx and x g(x) tan# x, 0 x 1/4 by part (a)
14

V 21'0 tan# x dx 21'0 asec# x
1b dx 21[tan x
x]!

14

14

1%

21 1
14

41 c 1 #
#

Section 6.2 Volume by Cylindrical Shells

15. c 0, d 2;

shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y
y
(
y) dy
d

21'0 y$#  y# dy 21 2y5

2

&#

&

21 25 2 

161
15

2$
3

#
y$
3 !

21 8 5 2  83 161

2
5

 "3

32  5

16. c 0, d 2;

shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y cy#
(
y)ddy
d

21'0 ay$  y# b dy 21 y4 
2

161 56

401
3

#
y$
3 !

161 24  "3

17. c 0, d 2;

shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y a2y
y# bdy
d

21'0 a2y#
y$ b dy 21 2y3

2

321 "3
4"

321
12

81
3

#
y%
4 !

21 16
3

18. c 0, d 1;

"6
4

shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y a2y
y#
ybdy
d

21'0 y ay
y# b dy 21'0 ay#
y$ b dy

1

21 y3

"
y%

4 !

21 13
"4

1
6

19. c 0, d 1;

shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy 21'0 y[y
(
y)]dy
d

21'0 2y# dy
1

41
3

"

cy$ d !

41
3

20. c 0, d 2;

shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21 yy
y2 dy
d

21 '0

y2
2 dy

13 c y3 d !

81
3

373

374

Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals

21. c 0, d 2;

shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y c(2  y)
y# d dy
d

21 '0 a2y  y#
y$ b dy 21 y# 
2

21 4 

8
3

16
4

1
6

y$
3

(48  32
48)

#
y%
4 !

161
3

22. c 0, d 1;

shell
shell
V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y c(2
y)
y# d dy
d

21'0 a2y
y#
y$ b dy 21 y#

1

21 1

14

1
3

1
6

(12
4
3)

y$
3

51
6

"
y%
4 !

shell
shell
23. (a) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y 12 ay#
y$ b dy 241 '0 ay$
y% b dy 241 y4

d

241 14
15

241
20

"
y&
5 !

61
5

shell
shell
(b) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21(1
y) c12 ay#
y$ bd dy 241'0 (1
y) ay#
y$ b dy
d

241'0 ay#
2y$  y% b dy 241 y3

1

y%
2

"
y&
5 !

241 "3

1
2

"
 51 241 30

41
5

shell
shell
(c) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21 85
y c12 ay#
y$ bd dy 241 '0 85
y ay#
y$ b dy
d

241'0 85 y#

1

241
12

13
5

8 $
y$  y% dy 241 15
y

13
20

y% 

"
y&
5 !

8
241 15

13
20

241
60

 15

(32
39  12)

21

shell
shell
(d) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21 y  25 c12 ay#
y$ bd dy 241'0 y  25 ay#
y$ b dy
d

2 $
241'0 y$
y%  25 y#
25 y$ dy 241'0 25 y#  35 y$
y% dy 241 15
y 
1

2
241 15


3
20

15

241
60

(8  9
12)

241
12

21 y4

y'
24 !

2'
24

21 24

321 4"

4
24

dy '0 21y y#

2

y#
#

21 '0 2y#

2

y%
2

y$ 

y&
4

dy 21 2y3

y%
4

21'0 5y#
54 y%
y$ 
2

y&
4

dy 21 5y3

y%
4

#
y'
#4 !

21 16
3

21'0 y$

2

y&
4

 58 y#

5
32

y% dy 21 y4

y'
#4

5y$
#4

y#
#

16
4

64
24

y'
#4 !
y#
#

32
10

dy '0 21(5
y) y#

#

shell
shell
(d) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21 y  58 y#
y4

d

81
3
y%
4

5y&
20

dy '0 21(2
y) y#

shell
shell
(c) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21(5
y) y#
y4

d

dy 21'0 y$

y#
#

y&
10

y%
4

2
321 4"
6" 321 24

shell
shell
(b) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21(2
y) y#
y4

d

"
y&
5 !

y%

21

shell
shell
24. (a) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y y#
y4

d

3
20

21 40
3

160
20

16
4

dy '0 21 y  58 y#

#
5y&
160 !

21 16
4

64
24

40
24

81
5

y%
4

64
24

dy

dy

81
y%
4

160
160

dy

41

y&
4

dy

Section 6.2 Volume by Cylindrical Shells

375

shell
shell
25. (a) About x-axis: V 'c 21 radius
height
dy
d

'0 21yy
ydy 21'0 y$#
y# dy

1

"
21
#& y&#
"$ y$ ! 21 #&
"$

#1
"&

shell
shell
About y-axis: V 'a 21 radius
height
dx
b

'0 21xax
x# bdx 21'0 ax2
x3 bdx

1

21 x$

"
x%
% !

21 "$
"%

1
'

(b) About x-axis: Raxb x and raxb x# V 'a 1
Raxb#
raxb# dx '0 1cx#
x% ddx
b

1 x$

"
x&
& !

1 "$
"&

#1
"&

About y-axis: Rayb y and rayb y V 'c 1
Rayb#
rayb# dy '0 1cy
y2 ddy
d

1 y#

"
y$
$ !

1 "#
"$

1
'

#
26. (a) V 'a 1
Raxb#
raxb# dx 1'0 #x  #
x# dx
%

1'0
$% x#  #x  %dx 1
x%  x#  %x
%

1a
"'  "'  "'b "'1

%
!

shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 #1x x#  #
xdx
%

'0 #1x#
x# dx #1'0 #x

%

#1x#

%
x$
' !

'%
'

#1"'

x#
# dx
$#1
$

shell
shell
(c) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 #1a%
xb x#  #
xdx '0 #1a%
xb#
x# dx #1'0 )
%x 
%

#1)x
#x# 

%
x$

' !

#1$#
$# 

'%
'

x#
# dx

'%1
$

#
(d) V 'a 1
Raxb#
raxb# dx 1'0 a)
xb#
'
#x dx 1'0 a'%
"'x  x# b
$'
'x x% dx
%

1'0 $% x#
"!x  #)dx 1 x%
&x#  #)x 1
"'
a&ba"'b  a(ba"'b 1a$ba"'b %)1
%

shell
shell
27. (a) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '1 21y(y
1) dy
d

21'1 ay#
yb dy 21 y3

2

#
y#
# "

21
83
42
"3
#"
21 73
2  "# 13 (14
12  3)

shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx

51
3

'1 21x(2
x) dx 21'1 a2x
x# b dx 21 x#

2

21
12 3c 8
3 c3 " 21 34
32

41
3

#
x$
3 "

21
4
83
1
"3

shell
shell
' 203

(c) V 'a 21 radius

height
dx '1 21 10
3
x (2
x) dx 21 1
b

" $
8 #

40
21
20
3 x
3 x  3 x " 21
3

32
3

 38
20
3

8
3

16
3

x  x# dx

 3" 21 33 21

shell
shell
(d) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '1 21(y
1)(y
1) dy 21'1 (y
1)# 21 (yc31)
d

#
"

21
3

376

Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals

shell
shell
28. (a) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21yay#
0b dy
d

21'0 y$ dy 21 y4 21 24 81
2

shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx
b

'0 21x 2
x dx 21'0 2x
x$# dx

4

2 2 &
5

21
x#
25 x&# ! 21 16

21 16

64
5

21
5

321
5

(80
64)

shell
shell
(c) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21(4
x) 2
x dx 21'0 8
4x"#
2x  x$# dx
b

21
8x
83 x$#
x#  25 x&# ! 21 32

64
3

16 

64
5

21
15

(240
320  192)

21
15

shell
shell
(d) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21(2
y) ay# b dy 21 '0 a2y#
y$ b dy 21 23 y$

d

21 16
3

16
4

321
12

81
3

(4
3)

(112)

2241
15

#
y%
4 !

shell
shell
29. (a) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21yay
y$ b dy
d

'0 21 ay#
y% b dy 21 y3

1

41
15

"
y&

5 !

21 "3
"5

shell
shell
(b) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy
d

'0 21(1
y) ay
y$ b dy
1

21 '0 ay
y#
y$  y% b dy 21 y#

1

y$
3

y%
4

"
y&
5 !

21 "#

"
3

"
4

 5"

21
60

(30
20
15  12)

71
30

shell
shell
30. (a) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy
d

'0 21y c1
ay
y$ bddy

1

21 '0 ay
y#  y% b dy 21 y#

1

21 "#

"
3

 5"

21
30

y$
3

"
y&
5 !

(15
10  6)

111
15

(b) Use the washer method:

V 'c 1 cR# (y)
r# (y)d dy '0 1 1#
ay
y$ b dy 1 '0 a1
y#
y'  2y% b dy 1 y

d

1 1

"
3

"
7

 25

1
105

(105
35
15  42)

y$
3

y(
7

971
105

"
2y&
5 !

(c) Use the washer method:

V 'c 1 cR# (y)
r# (y)d dy '0 1 c1
ay
y$ bd
0 dy 1'0 1
2 ay
y$ b  ay
y$ b dy
d

1'0 a1  y#  y'
2y  2y$
2y% b dy 1 y 

1

1
210

(70  30  105
2 42)

y$
3

y(
7

y# 

y%
#

1211
210

"
2y&
5 !

1 1 

"
3

"
7

1

"
#

25

shell
shell
(d) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21(1
y) c1
ay
y$ bd dy 21 '0 (1
y) a1
y  y$ b dy
d

21'0 a1
y  y$
y  y#
y% b dy 21'0 a1
2y  y#  y$
y% b dy 21 y
y# 
1

21 1
1 

"
3

"
4

5"

21
60

(20  15
12)

231
30

y$
3

y%
4

"
y&
5 !

Section 6.2 Volume by Cylindrical Shells

shell
shell
31. (a) V 'c 21 radius
height
dy '0 21y 8y
y# dy
d

21'0 22 y$#
y$ dy 21 4 5 2 y&#

#
y%
4 !

&

21 

422

2%
4

21 4 85
1

81
5

21 452

(8
5)

4 4
4

241
5

shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21x x

b

&

21 252

4%
3#

'

21 25

2)
32

12(
160

x#
8

dx 21'0 x$#

4

(32
20)

12* 3
160

12% 3
5

x$
8

dx 21 25 x&#

481
5

shell
shell
32. (a) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx
b

'0 21x ca2x
x# b
xd dx

1

21 '0 x ax
x# b dx 21'0 ax#
x$ b dx

1

21 x3

"
x%
4 !

21 "3
4"

1
6

shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '0 21(1
x) ca2x
x# b
xd dx 21'0 (1
x) ax
x# b dx
b

21 '0 ax
2x#  x$ b dx 21 x2
23 x$ 
1

"
x%
4 !

21 12

2
3

 "4

21
1#

(6
8  3)

1
6

33. (a) V 'a 1 cR# (x)
r# (x)d dx 1 '116 xc"#
1 dx

b

"

1
2x"#
x""' 1
(2
1)
2

1 1

7
16

"
4

"
16

91
16

shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dy '1 21y y"%

b

21'1 yc$

2

y
16

dy 21
12 yc#

21

"8
8"

#"

21
32

(8  1)

91
16

"
3#

1

"3 yc$

1
48

y #
16 "

y#
32 "

"
32

"
16

dy

"
1

24

8"

3"

(
2
6  16  3)

dy

21 4" 

34. (a) V 'c 1 cR# (y)
r# (y)d dy '1 1 y"%

"
16

"
16

111
48

shell
shell
(b) V 'a 21 radius
height
dx '14 21x "x
" dx
b

21 '14 x"#
x dx 21 23 x$#

1

21
23
"#
23

"
8

"
3#

"
x#
2 "%

1 43
1

"
6

"
16

1
48

(4 16
48
8  3)

111
48

35. (a) H3=k: V V"
V#

V" 'a 1[R" (x)]# dx and V# 'a 1[R# (x)]# with R" (x) x b3 2 and R# (x) x,
b"

b#

"

a"
2, b" 1; a# 0, b# 1 two integrals are required

(b) [ +=2/<: V V"
V#

V" 'a 1 a[R" (x)]#
[r" (x)]# b dx with R" (x) x b3 2 and r" (x) 0; a"
2 and b" 0;
b"

"

%
x%
32 !

377

378

Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals

V# 'a 1 a[R# (x)]#
[r# (x)]# b dx with R# (x) x b3 2 and r# (x) x; a# 0 and b# 1
b#

two integrals are required

shell
shell
shell
(c) W2/66: V 'c 21 radius
height
dy 'c 21y height
dy where shell height y#
a3y#
2b 2
2y# ;
d

c 0 and d 1. Only 98/ integral is required. It is, therefore preferable to use the =2/66 method.
However, whichever method you use, you will get V 1.
36. (a) H3=k: V V"
V#
V$

Vi 'c 1[Ri (y)]# dy, i 1, 2, 3 with R" (y) 1 and c"
1, d" 1; R# (y) y and c# 0 and d# 1;
di

R$ (y) (
y)"% and c$
1, d$ 0 three integrals are required

(b) [ +=2/<: V V"  V#

Vi 'c 1a[Ri (y)]#
[ri (y)]# b dy, i 1, 2 with R" (y) 1, r" (y) y, c" 0 and d" 1;
di

R# (y) 1, r# (y) (
y)"% , c#
1 and d# 0 two integrals are required

shell
shell
shell
(c) W2/66: V 'a 21 radius
height
dx 'a 21x height
dx, where shell height x#
a
x% b x#  x% ,
b

a 0 and b 1 only one integral is required. It is, therefore preferable to use the =2/66 method.
However, whichever method you use, you will get V 561 .
6.3 LENGTHS OF PLANE CURVES

1.

dx
dt

1 and

dy
dt

(
1)#  (3)# 10
 dy
3 dx
dt
dt

Length 'c2/3 10 dt 10 ctd 1c2/3 10

23 10

1

2.

dx
dt

sin t and

dy
dt

510
3

(
sin t)#  (1  cos t)# 2  2 cos t

 dy
1  cos t dx
dt
dt

cos t
2 ' sin# t dt
Length '! 2  2 cos t dt 2 '! 11 c
c cos t (1  cos t) dt
1 c cos t
!
1

2'!

sin t
1 c cos t

dt (since sin t 0 on [0 1]); [u 1
cos t du sin t dt; t 0 u 0,

#
t 1 u 2] 2 '! uc"# du 2
2u"# ! 4
2

3.

dx
dt

3t# and

dy
dt

 dy
a3t# b#  (3t)# 9t%  9t# 3tt#  1 since t 0 on 0 3
3t dx
dt
dt

Length '! 3tt#  1 dt; u t#  1

4.

dx
dt

3
#

du 3t dt; t 0 u 1, t 3 u 4

'14 3# u"# du
u$# %" (8
1) 7

t and

dy
dt

t#  (2t  1) (t  1)# kt  1k t  1 since 0 t 4

 dy
(2t  1)"# dx
dt
dt

Length '0 (t  1) dt t2  t (8  4) 12
4

5.

dx
dt

(2t  3)"# and

dy
dt

(2t  3)  (1  t)# t#  4t  4 kt  2k t  2
 dy
1  t dx
dt
dt

since 0 t 3 Length '0 (t  2) dt t2  2t

$

$
!

21
#

Section 6.3 Lengths of Plane Curves

6.

dx
dt

8t cos t and

dy
dt

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379

380
12.

Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals

dx
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y#
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106
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53
6