MODELING UTAH POPULATION DATA

Math 1010 Intermediate Algebra Group Project

According to data from the U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, the population
of Utah appears to have increased linearly over the years from 1980 to 2008. The
following table shows the population in 100,000's living in Utah according to year. In
this project, you will use the data in the table to find a linear functionf(x) that represents
the data, reflecting the change in population in Utah.

" 100000'
, S
Eft
sima es 0rUt a h R eSI"den t P opu Ia fIOn,in

Year
x

1981
1

1989
9

1993
13

1999
19

2005
25

Population, y

15.2

17.1

19

22

25

Source:

u.s. Census Bureau,

2008
28
27.4

Population Division

1.

Using the graph paper on the last page, plot the data given in the table as ordered pairs.
Label the x and y axes with words to indicate what the variables represent.

2.

Use a straight edge to draw on your graph what appears to be the line that "best fits" the
data you plotted. You will only have one line drawn, rather than several pieces of lines

3.

Estimate the coordinates of two points that fall on your best-fitting line. Write these
points below.

(7 '

15), (/q

IZJ

Use the points that you wrote down to find a linear functionf(x)
work!

for the line. Show your

4.

What is the slope of your line?

7~

'L

Interpret its meaning. Does it make sense in the context of this situation? Please
use complete sentences to respond to these questions.

Yf..Pth,

Pr

f'C'IO\

5'~O\

(JO~-e..

fo'fN)(\lIO\'\

5.

'5 ('r\

\Q.s.

G\

It w \\,
(0,(1 m~ +o '(\ o f- W'nC\t -+ nee.,

'5.(..")

Pf

W, \\

(Ov'(")+-

\JeC<AVSe..,

,-<-. f-Jh.NC-.

be \Y\

Find the value ofJ(45) using your function from part 3. Show your work, then write your
result in the blank below.

flL.-J~)'::

7
\1..

//\L(~'J}+-~

-.-

2.:2..3

z:

f(45} =

3l. L

Write a sentence interpreting the meaning of

-rh)~ ~ \\}e ~ \.J

\J, )\
'(3st/mp{
6.

'O--e..-

-e.

C\'Y'

\ Y"\

\No,"/\d

f (45)

f c:.:'

in the context of this project.

l'f"O~

o'f=- W'nO\+ 1~

45'\--eCi\V'S.)n
O~

~I

lOU,GOO'SI

IL..O, OOQ

(1J

Use your function from part 3 to approximate in what year the residential
population of Utah reached 2,000,000. Show your work.

LO

7'

'''1- ""

z:

\O~
,17-. l

0-e..

I '2;;.

t TL

-::- \5. ~.:.~

reC(cYle d

-12

l~\

z..

'" ~\:5". b

fY\ ~ 1\; 0Y\

\ Yl

1\

q <)

S-

?O(JV)C(t}O~
"SO

Giy)

7.

Compare your linear function with that of another student or group.

Comparison function: f(x)

~~ X -t \ ~

= _=o~

Is the comparison function the same as the function you wrote down for part 3?

o
If they are different, explain why.

BeO:~0~{, (')0 ,( ,(\,)'('f!,"()e.'f ~ orft- S\\3Y"rT\ ..\ e)f f renT.

We.. nOd 0\ l=f'len+- Q. "Df~ fits--- L, e... ~'f'c\ 0\)'( po\'t1ts

~~

6\\-fCf~"'~

If they are the same, explain why.

8.

In actuality, using a linear growth model for population is not common.

Most models are exponential models, due to the fact that most populations
experience relative growth, i.e. 2% growth per year. linear models for nonlinear
relationships like population work only within a small time frame valid close to
the time of the data modeled. Discuss some of the false conclusions you might
reach if you use your linear model for times far from 1980-2008.

1D 50 i-tJa. vS

OJ<

"c: rn
J

VJwld mas.

.1-ltJ

\\~''1 De- To \ ow W \r-Y\ C\ \\n-e~y rl...ln (..1' I 1.)'01

\-t- W 0 -r '\.1.- 0 CrOl)'()-\- to t
~y-(eY\~~e
3 YVkAh
-{)qc.'h
y{'V\ 'I .
. /.l=
Wt +Vltd to
00 1+ -J-~ amY
Wa,\
O\)'(..f' s. t-\'O'\ct110f\
mer l be )'U h) '"
I

or::.

'\\-L

+~'I~

~ ,"1

POpv\Ct-\ IOt\

0'en {v"i

J'fb!.N.>rY\

(t).
, )(4

'recl

1~""

w.-Q..'J. -t~p'ej4Y)ced" / h
tl.> l~?c-"+
~

(r:"'r1~''{

'1" \"
.

...

-C-'

.s:
./

V
v .....
"'"j

....I

.........:: t>

J.
./

~,

u'

/
./

/
r

-:
y

/
.//

/
/

7'

/'

/'

//
.......-

L./

./

o
...q

cD

.J
.,

0 i

3 1 -

{;

7 ~ q

10

II

12.. 13 i Lf

15 i~

nit? i g 2-0 1..1 Z2-

"Z.324

zr Z&

-z: Z-

Zq

30

O'Ce'{)Y\0fJ

kcAso

Optimizing an Advertising Campaign

Math 1010 Intermediate Algebra Group Project

Background Information:
Linear Programming is a technique used for optimization of a real-world situation. Examples of
optimization include maximizing the number of items that can be manufactured or minimizing
the cost of production. The equation that represents the quantity to be optimized is called the
objective function, since the objective of the process is to optimize the value. In this project the
objective is to maximize the number of people who will be reached by an advertising campaign.
The objective is subject to limitations or constraints that are represented by inequalities.
Limitations on the number of items that can be produced, the number of hours that workers are
available, and the amount of land a farmer has for crops are examples of constraints that can be
represented using inequalities. Broadcasting an infinite number of advertisements is not a
realistic goal. In this project one of the constraints will be based on an advertising budget.
Graphing the system of inequalities based on the constraints provides a visual representation of
the possible solutions to the problem. If the graph is a closed region, it can be shown that the
values that optimize the objective function will occur at one of the "comers" of the region.

The Problem:
In this project your group will solve the following situation:
A local business plans on advertising their new product by purchasing advertisements on the
radio and on TV. The business plans to purchase at least 60 total ads and they want to have at
least twice as many TV ads as radio ads. Radio ads cost $20 each and TV ads cost $80 each.
The advertising budget is $4320. It is estimated that each radio ad will be heard by 2000listeners and each TV ad will be seen by 1500 people. How many of each type of ad should be
purchased to maximize the number of people who will be reached by the advertisements?

Modeling the Problem:

Let X be the number of radio ads that are purchased and Y be the number of TV ads.
1.

Write down a linear inequality for the total number of desired ads.

X t j'

//60

2. Write down a linear inequality for the cost of the ads.

3. Recall that the business wants at least twice as many TV ads as radio ads. Write down a
linear inequality that expresses this fact.

4. There are two more constraints that must be met. These relate to the fact that there
cannot be s negative numbers of advertisements.
these constraints:

o L.'f.,.

,,\ dOL
'(1

Write the two inequalities that model

"I

5. Next, write down the function for the number of people that will be exposed to the
advertisements. This is the Objective Function for the problem.
p=

tsxx;

You now have four linear inequalities and an objective function. These together describe the
situation. This combined set of inequalities and objective function make up what is known
mathematically as a linear programming problem. Write all of the inequalities and the
objective function together below. This is typically written as a list of constraints, with the
objective function last.

Xt"( //60
)( t- y,,\ L L' b
'(

"2-1\

OL
? 1:"

Z. 000

OLY

t '500~

6. To solve this problem, you will need to graph the

intersection of all five inequalities

on one common XYplane. Do this on the grid below. Have the bottom left be the
origin, with the horizontal axis representing X and the vertical axis representing Y. Label
the axes with what they represent and label your lines as you graph them.

~... .--

1--

t1t

,,,
1.j~

- .......... --.. ....

*
'j

~
I. ~

oJj

--~1/
fi

10

/'J

..

( 0)

_1

.'

-"

~.

'k
,

--

i'-..I

,i

-"--~-,

i
.~

..

-, -

k_

Y", :: ~x.+-Ql"

-;

1
I,

I
r

.L-_

i
I

.- ~

"j

i
i
I

'-- ......

1
I

~,~

i
i

' .- -.a.

'---

-_.,"--

--

"-l <,

(C\dlO
\\ -'1""'-00

I
,

-- - .-

. 'I

'

,,

-,

._- e--'j .-

&,-,

I
~

--

t'Lt ~ <f ..

"

-.. -~---+-

I
!

._- W
f

I
.'"-

--t-- - f---A_-

)(

l--.~I<-

'5

--~-I-

,
!j

,__a_ l--r-

z..u

1.,

~o

'--

r-,
1

f-.-

I
I

U~

<

r.

-p:

.-

- '--*--

I
i

!
I

i
I

I
I

Ad S

- - 1--

....

-.. - - r-

7.

The shaded region in the above graph is called the feasible region. Any (x, y) point in the region
corresponds to a possible number of radio and TV ads that will meet all the requirements of the
problem. However, the values that will maximize the number of people exposed to the ads will
occur at one of the vertices or comers of the region. Your region should have three comers. Find
the coordinates of these comers by solving the appropriate system oflinear equations.

Be sure to

show your work and label the (x, y) coordinates of the comers in your graph.

;fr- 2.'1-.. .
X \- L--\ ,\

L\~

z:

)(
t '-I tl.t\l ~ L-'
A

C6 \::

lr

'""Li ~

C1 "" .:-~L\ ~ '" z: L. L-\

i ~L"

t- 'i .:bO

"A

Xt

X 1- L1," ::::ZI b
'-\ '" +~ '\ z: Z.L.l D

~ '" 1= ltty ~
8.

'La

~ol_l
"e ?1.. ')

cat'1' ,GO

' ::60

'A -\- "\ ,,\

00/3

3~-=-bOX:;'

y::z-K
,,:i .: ,1- ((..y\
l.,}

.z:

'{

z:

L---l_
\l

5L

j7

---...IJ

Z.l 6

x ;-~

To find which number of radio and TV ads will maximize the number of people who are exposed to
the business advertisements, evaluate the objective function P for each of the vertices you found.
Show your work.

y..;..

Z, 00 o ~ t

(Z-y, q~):

',)00

Z-OOO

(1..L-\ 1 ~-,$l7ol!..l'O

B, 000

P (l~

L-\U ')

t 72, CK)(.J

LiV,ow

'P

(~l t:;2) =-1-0Vo (CO)

I b, 0 00

p z:

\'2.V 000
I

t-

7...000 (1-0'\

-\

&90U0

[\

0,

00

01
-

~V!~_qcJUc!.\

lS-1...l::

7 8, o Or)

z..'t {"a c.\\

.s:

('")U 1.----__

\\'O()

t<;G>O

1-=-__

i.-/

.:

t-,,_~Of-L-J-, _-O(}-~-U-X

TV

--

9.

Write a sentence describing how many of each type of advertisement

should be purchased and

what is the maximum number of people who will be exposed to the ad,

W'n \,-e.,.

....
, C\ <-.

Ii*-",
I)

ri!

t-\-(

S \'t'""I

2-...
,

u' 0 v
.,

Vc

ellO a.cl S

,'"
1':rt"OP1C

Q Y'l

~',}"
P
VV"

C\

'0-"010,'

C\C\

10. Reflective Writing.

Did this project change the way you think about how math can be applied to the real world?
Write one paragraph stating what ideas changed and why, If this project did not change the way
you think, write how this project gave further evidence to support your existing opinion about
applying math, Be specific.

tY\,'f\'LW\~

ttJ

\""cd

'r"'1

C{ UOWW'3

"ft ~r~ C

c.

s rz<:

o 'f--

C\

eNYl

0( Y!

'1

-<?'t..'Vos.ve
"rod\) ~ -

'{V\t

f {\c C! lot' t ' 'i'

(2

V(l~-\<iV'd

Y1 C; W
lVlO

0\

o{

5'101')11'(\.

0 1~ '0

V\--e.,}X'd

\Yl'ttv,llf-

se ~C

\{'I\-e

-r"f'a d

~Y'd
"S

r-v