JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW TEMPLATE

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in Educational Leadership / M.Ed. in Curriculum and Instruction
EDUC 5324 Integrating Technology into Education
Name:Yakup Ozcelik

Date: 10/18/15

Cite the reviewed article in APA format: Bulent Dogan & Kadir Almus (2014) School
Administrators Use of iPads: Impact of Training and Attitudes Toward School Use,
Computers in the Schools: Interdisciplinary Journal of Practice, Theory, and Applied
Research, 31:3, 233-250, DOI: 10.1080/07380569.2014.932660
INTRODUCTION
Research Questions (if research questions are not specifically mentioned, what is the
theoretical background or overarching theme):
As Apple iPads are increasingly being adopted in schools for educational purposes,
school administrators are seen as the key facilitators in the implementation of this new
technology. This survey-based quantitative study investigated the impact of receiving
iPad training on school administrators attitudes towards iPad use in their professional
lives and in the classroom by teachers. The participants consisted of 51 elementary and
secondary school administrators in one of the largest public charter school systems in a
southwestern state. School administrators reported that iPads were effective tools for
administrative tasks and personal organization. Results also suggest that school
administrators in this study had positive views regarding the potential of iPads current
and future use in the classroom by teachers. Furthermore, the training process had a
positive effect on the school administrators development of iPad skills and knowledge.

Purpose of the research:

1. What is the impact of the training process on school administrators use of iPads for
administrative tasks and personal organization in their professional duties?
2. What is the impact of the training process on school administrators beliefs regarding
how teachers should use iPads in the classroom?
3. Are there any differences in school administrators survey responses based on gender,
age, years of experience in school administration and education, highest degree attained,
school classification, or school size?
METHODOLOGY

What is the methodology for the research or approach used to understand the issue?
Provide information regarding the following:
Participants: Elementary and secondary school administrators (i.e., principals and
assistant principals) working in one of the largest public charter school systems in a
southwestern state were the target population for the study.
Procedures: Collectively, 51 subjects were selected through a purposive sampling from
the target population: A specific population was targeted and only its Downloaded by
[76.31.198.76] at 18:17 03 November 2014 236 B. Dogan and K. Almus members were
included in this survey (Kelley, Clark, Brown, & Sitzia, 2003). Purposive sampling is
most effective in studying a certain domain where knowledgeable experts are included
(Tongco, 2007). Participants in this study were contacted by email through the school
systems central office, after securing approvals from the school district and the
university. The initial communication included information on the purpose, structure, and
schedule of the research study along with information on training and resources to be
provided throughout the spring semester of the 20122013 school year. Participants were
asked to complete consent forms prior to the study as required by the school district and
the universitys Institutional Review Board (IRB). Fifty-one participants who owned
iPads volunteered to complete the pre-survey out of approximately 120 school
administrators in the school system. While 58.8% (n = 30) of the pre-survey participants
were male, 41.2% (n = 21) of the participants were female. Additionally, 37 of pre-survey
respondents completed the post-survey, yielding a response rate of 72.55%. Twenty-one
(56.76%) respondents in post-survey were male, and 16 (43.24%) were female.
Data Collection Methods/Data Source:
Training was designed based on feedback from participants and delivered through an
interactive webinar session. The training of school administrators included topics
intended to develop iPad skills and use certain workflow, note-taking, calendar,
productivity, file-sharing, remote-desktop, presentation, and screen-sharing applications
covered specifically from a principals perspective. Additional resources reinforcing the
topics covered in the initial training session were provided later to school administrators
in the form of video and written tutorials for their convenience. Technical support
regarding the training topics and study was available to participants on an ongoing basis.
Researchers provided technical support to school administrators via e-mail and telephone.
Data Analysis:
The analysis of the question measuring the frequency of how school administrators
responded to, I use my iPad for administrative tasks and personal organization in
following areas, in the pre-survey yielded mean scores ranging from 2.57 to 3.84 (Table
2). Data analysis of the same item yielded mean scores ranging from 3.32 to 4.00 in the
post-survey. A mean scale score close to the value 5 indicated that the participants always
used their iPads in the stated area, whereas a mean scale score close to the value 1 would
indicate that the participants never used their iPads in the stated area. These results
suggest that there were overall increases in the mean scores of postsurvey responses for
participants. In order to determine if these increases in mean scores were significant, a
paired sample t test was conducted. The increase in the frequency of participants use of
iPads was significant for four of the measured items at the p 0.001 level (Table 2).
These items included task delegation, organization, calendar, and document

sharing. In addition, the increase for the items researching through Internet and using
specific applications for my work was significant at the p 0.01 level. The same test
yielded no significant increases in taking notes, walk through and observations, and
reading articles and books related to my work items (Table 2).
RESULTS
Findings or Results (or main points of the article):
The data analysis of this study is categorized into five main groups: analysis of
demographic and contextual data; impacts of the training process on school
administrators use of iPad and iPad applications; impacts of the training process on
school administrators beliefs regarding how teachers should use iPads in the classroom;
differences in participants responses by their demographic and contextual data (gender,
age, years of experience in school administration and education, highest degree attained,
school classification, and school size); and evaluation of training process.

DISCUSSIONS
Conclusions/Implications (for your profession):
This research article gave to me a different perspective for usage of IPads in education.
Providing to the principals training and then a survey shows that if implemented Ipad
usage effectively, no need to carry anymore textbooks, blackboards, even PC.
REFLECTIONS
Students Reflections (changes to your understanding; implications for your
school/work):
I agree the most of the parts of the research, beside this I am not agree some parts. If it
IPad in education implements effectively, I believe that it can be more productive than
traditional education systems. I have read an article about it that instead of the regular
textbook usage, we can store in it hundreds of textbooks, encyclopedias, journals, and
books. Beside this, you can GO ON VIRTUAL FIELD TRIPS, POLL STUDENTS,
TAKE ATTENDANCE, PROVIDE INTERACTION WITH MATH AND
PHYSICS CONCEPTS, NURTURE REATIVITY WITH STORYTELLING
PLATFORMS look like 18 items are benefiting from IPads in education may be more.
In this research, it was done a good survey amongst the some charter school principals
about effective usage of Ipads in education and resulted some usable information. Even
though a big portion of the research reflects but some of them not reflected. Principals
usage of Ipad if it is not implemented in the school system completely, I do not believe
that it increases currently teacher and students achievements. But later, instead the of
textbooks completely removed and used ipads it gives more effective in education. Still,
it has been transforming from the traditional education system to technological education
system. So, it seems that it will take more time to implement it in all areas in education.
According to the my observation tech usage in school not depends on the principals usage

more and encourage to use between teacher. Generally, it is depending school budget.
Another reason that, school children have Ipad, Iphone or other electronic devices but it
seems that it does not improves his/her achievements. Even, it will decrease his/her
success in spite of the studying on the classes , they are doing social networking more
than educational purposes.
I like the methodology of the research which is defined very well. Participants,
instruments, training procedure, limitations of the studies are explained very well. At the
same time statistical data implemented into the research to understand. Beside this, as
indicated in the paper, more research and more paces need to get more productivity from
this issue in the future.

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(2010, April 1). Retrieved November 16, 2009, from
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Walsh, K. (2008, July 8). Study Finds Benefits in Use of iPad as an Educational Tool.
Retrieved October 18, 2015, from http://www.emergingedtech.com/2012/07/study-findsbenefits-in-use-of-ipad-as-educational-tool/
Pearson Foundation Survey on Students and Tablets (March 2012).
www.pearsonfoundation.org/downloads/ PF_Tablet_Survey_Summary_2012.pdf
The iPad in education: Uses, benefits & challenges, Preliminary Report of key findings
2013, Thierry Karsenti & Aurelien Fievez, http://karsenti.ca/ipad/iPad_report_KarsentiFievez_EN.pdf