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Annotated Bibliography

"Frequently Asked Questions on Genetically Modified Foods." WHO. World Health


Organization, n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2015.

This website was established by the World Health Organization. They included many frequently
asked questions and very detailed answers about genetically modified foods. For example, there
were many questions on if they are safe or not. Many tests are performed in order to ensure
safety of GM foods and so far, no allergic reactions have been recorded. There are also questions
as to why GM foods are produced and WHO answers this by saying GM foods serves as an
advantage to both the producer, as well as the consumer.
This source turned out to be a very informative, yet persuading essay. It provided facts
through answering many questions that consumers had. This source showed that anyone who
eats is concerned about what is in his or her food. The World Health Organization, a reliable and
trustworthy source, published this article in order to raise awareness about GMOs.
This source fits into my research as an aid into what I am writing about in my project as a
whole. It helped me gain more knowledge on the subject. Also, it helped answer lingering
questions I had about GMOs. It shapes my argument by allowing me to decide whether I,
personally am against it or for it. I will be able to use this source in my project as a reliable
option.

Genetically Modified Food. Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia (2015): 1p.
1. Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia. Web. 10 Nov. 2015.

This article is an introduction into what genetically modified foods are and how they are created.
It explains how GM foods were created in order to relieve some duties of farmers and to
ultimately help them with their job. It dives briefly into how many people actually partake in
using GMOs and how some people are skeptical due to safety and health concerns. Health
regulations are also explained in this article, as well as the development of GM foods. This
article provided me with an overview on what genetically modified foods are and how some
people view them.
This source allowed me to get a grasp on genetically modified organisms. Although very
brief, this source was very useful because of how knowledgeable the writers were. Compared to
other sources in my bibliography, this source focuses on being informative and not biased. The
goal of this source was to introduce what GMOs were to an audience that knew very little on the
subject, like myself.
Genetically Modified Food fit into my research really well. It helped me get a better
understanding of why GMOs have made such a huge impact on food industries and consumers
all around the world. Although, it is strictly informative, it allowed me to understand why GM
foods are frowned upon.

Gazzaniga, Michael. Towards a Universal Ethics. Dana Press, 2005. Print.

Michael Gazzanigas Towards a Universal Ethics provides an interesting view on how we should
view ethics and morals. His main point in this reading is trying to answer the question: Is ethical
behavior handwired in the brain through years of evolution? (Gazzniga) He answers this
question by studying the brain and how actions performed are due to the brain. Aside from
providing a discussion question, Gazzaniga also shows readers a scenario in which he tests their
morals. For example, the trolley problem allows readers to decide whether to save a group of
people that may or not be innocent or to save a child while leaving the group to die. This
scenario tests our gut instincts and shows us that it isnt always easy to be morally correct.
Although this article isnt directly related to my topic, it delivers an interesting view on
how morals and ethics should be used. It opened up many questions in my mind. For example, it
allowed me to ponder whether the uses of GMOs are ethical since they are not natural. Another
question it provided me with is if GMOs could solve world hunger, should they be more widely
accepted? Gazzanigas reading is different than the rest of the articles I used because it made me
think more critically. I believe the goal of his source was to look deeply inside you and
understand more about morals and ethics.
This source was very helpful to me even though it wasnt necessarily centered on
genetically modified organisms and food. It helps shape my argument by strengthening it. What I
mean by this is that even though GMOs are efficient, they still are unnatural and many people are
still unaware of the effects they may cause.

Martineau, Belinda, and Crispin Taylor. "When Food Is Genetically Modified." The New York
Times. The New York Times, 30 Oct. 2015. Web. 24 Nov. 2015.

This article mainly argues that scientific research and genetically testing plants to be used for
genetically modified foods can, in fact, be beneficial. The first author, Belinda Martineau
explains how genetically modified plants all go through different tests. She also states how these
tests potentially contain unique, unintended, and unexpected changes (Belinda). She also refers
to the World Health Organization and how it is very difficult to make state thoughts on
genetically modified foods since they are so different. The next author, Crispin Taylor, explains
how the American Society of Plant Biologists backs up the idea of furthering research on
genetically modified organisms and how some risks may be different than others. He also takes a
side with genetically modified organisms by stating how GM crops are more beneficial for the
environment than non-GM crops. He closes out his article by stating some of these benefits
which include soil erosion, nutritionally enhanced food, and the substantial reductions in the
amount of insecticides (Taylor).
This source provided me with an opposing view to my choice. It is different than my
other articles because it is from a newspaper. Since it is a newspaper article, I didnt know
whether I could fully put my trust into it because writers from news are sometimes biased and
heavily opinionated. The goal of this source was to provide an opposing viewpoint by stating
how the use of GMOs arent necessarily at all dangerous and how testing needs to be continued.
This source, although against my essay, was a very helpful source. It provided an outlook
on how GMOs can be beneficial. I can use this source in my research project as an opposing
view, but also as a source of biasness.

Weasel, Lisa. Food Fray. New York: Amacom-American Management Association, 2009. Print

In this book, Lisa Weasel describes how genetically modified foods have affected relationships
between the United States and other countries. At first, she describes events that occurred in the
only 2000s between the US and African countries such as Zimbabwe. Natives of these countries
rejected the food relief packages they were receiving from the United States due to the use of
genetically modified organisms or GMOs. In the later sections of her book, she begins to
describe some foods that were genetically modified. She analyzes a genetically modified tomato
that could hold its form and keep its flavor during a rough transportation in the winter.
This source differs from the rest of my sources because it is in the form of a book and
because Lisa Weasel, who has a Ph. D in Cell and Molecular Biology, wrote it. This source
provided me with another reliable source of information that allowed me to add to my research
project. Compared to my other sources, this book offered much more variety when discussing
GMOs. Since Lisa is a very knowledgeable person who took the extra step in her education, her
book is extremely dependable. She provides tons of information while staying neutral on the
debate. While reading, I realized that Lisas goal was to let the readers know more about GMOs
and how much it affects the country and the people who live in it.
Food Fray fit into my research just as much as any of my other sources. It helped me
look at genetically modified foods in a different point of view. It also helped me understand why
so many people, like the starving children in Africa, look down upon GM foods. It helped shaped
my argument by allowing me to take a stance and conclude that GMOs are not the way to go and
that even though they are efficient and have many benefits, they are still unnatural.

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