THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME LANGUAGE PROGRAMME An English Course for students at Maritime Colleges and for on-board training - SMCP included Third edition Aye fi . 8 anew P.C. van Kluijven —THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME LANGUAGE PROGRAMME P.C. van Kluijven For my daughter Michelle Maritime Communication, General Ship Knowledge, Engineering, Navigation, Safety, Documents, Correspondence and Grammar An English Course for students at Maritime Colleges and for On-board Training SMCP included CD-Rom Presentations, Texts, Tasks and Projects Third edition: 2007 © Copyright 2003, Alk & Heljnen Publishers, Alkmaar, The Netherlands, www.alk.nl All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher, ISBN 978 90 5961 006 4TABLE OF CONTENTS TEXTS, TASKS AND PROJECTS UNIT ONE: MARITIME COMMUNICATION = Maritime Communication - -GMDSS -- = VHF-Communication: Distress -, Urgency - and Safety messages - - Search & Rescue = VHF-Communication: Routine Messages - = Ship Reporting - - Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) - - ~ Tasks ------ - Project: Search & Rescue (SAR) - UNIT TWO: GENERAL SHIP KNOWLEDGE ~ Types of vessels - - - - General Arrangement Plan - Ship Measurement = Project =~ - Shipbuilding - + Shipbuilding Project - UNIT THREE: ENGINEERING - Diesel Engines. - - ~ The valve mechanisme = Reversing - = The Shaft - = The Fuel System - = Lubrication - - = Cooling the Engine - ~ Auxiliary Engines - = Project - - UNIT FOUR: NAVIGATION = Navigation Anchoring, Berthing, Leaving Berth & Underway - = Buoyage - - Loading, Discharging & Trim - + Project: Pilot Reading Glossary + Project: Pilot Reading - - - - page 8 page 8 page 12 page 20 page 22 page 24 page 25 page 45 page 56 page 62 page 81 page 88 page 97 page 98 page 120 page 132 page 134 page 135 page 135 page 152 page 160 page 165 page 169 page 180 page 196 page 215 page 27 page 241 page 250 page 266 2 ‘TABLE OF CONTENTSUNIT FIVE: SAFETY = Introduction = ~The Weather - = Ship Motions - - Beaufort Windscale - - + Ice -- -Tides - - Rules of the Road - Emergency Response = Dangerous Goods - -- = Project - ~ UNIT SIX: DOCUMENT: - Charter Party il of Lading ~ - Captain's Declaration - = Cargo Manifest - - Notice of Readiness - - - Mate's Receipt. - = Sea Protest and Letter of Protest - - Glossary of idioms and expressions in documents = Project ~~ UNIT SEVEN: CORRESPONDENCE = Introduction: structures in corespondence - - ~ Glossary: sentences and phrases in letters and reports - ~ Tasks: letters and reports. - UNIT EIGHT: PRACTICAL GRAMMAR ~Tenses - ~ Auxiliary verbs = Auxiliary verbs: to do (questions and negations) = Passive voice = Sentence bul + Irregular verbs Acknowledgement TABLE OF CONTENTS page 310 page 311 page 313 page 314 page 315 page 316 page 317 page 318 page 318 page 341 page 348 page 351 page 352 page 353 page 353 page 354 page 356 page 359 page 367 page 384 page 387 page 390 page 394 page 401 page 405 page 407 page 410 page 412 page 416Preface “{ hear and | will forget; 1 see and | will remember; 1 do and | will understand”. CONFUCIUS The International Maritime Language Programme (IMLP) has been designed for students at Maritime Colleges, for on-board-training and distant-learning. The IMLP is intended to familiarize anyone who wishes to enter into the maritime world at any level or rank with the specific English terminologies, idioms and phrases used in the nautical professions, The programme consists of a Course book and a CD-Rom that contain lectures and accompanying tests on Maritime English used in VHF-Communication, General Ship Knowledge, Shipbuilding, Engineering, Dredging, Navigation, Safety, Documents, Correspondence and Grammar. The programme offers content-based instruction that will enable the student to acquire knowledge not merely by “learning by heart’, but by a variety of topic-related linguistic tools that will make learning great fun and effective The book and CD-Rom offer many texts, tasks and projects that will “immerse you in a sea of English”. The CD-Rom has several safeguards against copying. The programme cannot be saved and stored on your computer, but must be played from the CD-Rom itsetf. This protection will not cause any damage to your computer. 1 - play and watch the CD-Rom-presentation: start a presentation by clicking on it. (Programmes can also be played with the viewer on the CD-Rom in case Microsoft PowerPoint has not been installed on your computer. Just click on the viewer and follow the instructions.) Presentations are indicated in the book with © 2 - read and study the text(s) in the book closely 3 - find out the meanings of the key words (exercises 1) 4- view the CD-Rom-presentation again 5 do the exercises in the book 6 - do the CD-Rom-tests: Fil ft... fill in the missing Word(s) in the CD-Rom-test and / or in the course book); “Right or Wrong’ (indicate whether the assertion is right or wrong — explain why you think an assertion is wrong); “write down, discuss or do your own presentatior? Note: "tests" shouldbe regerded as learing-fo's, rather than methods to assess the amount of knowledge acquired. 7 - do the final project 8 - learn the key words by heart (exercise 1). 9 - assessment test (proficiency test): CD-Rom test, Score will be registered as a text file on C: of your computer. NOTE! Before you do an assessment test the security level of the Macro settings of the Office-Powerpoint Programme must be set to “low": go to Extra in the Powerpoint programme, then go to Macro, then go to Seourity and tick ‘iow’. | would like to express my gratitude to all my colleagues and friends at Shipping and Transportcollege - Rotterdam for their help and support. A special thank you to Peter Trenkner at Wismar Hochschule, Karin de Ruiter and Ak & Heinen Publishers: Rotterdam, February 2003. Peter C. van Kluljven. 4 PREFACEForeword At the great number of workshops and conferences | organised or co-organised worldwide, one inevitable question was always asked: when will a Maritime English textbook be available covering the essentials to be taught to and learnt by future deck and engineer officers of the merchant marine? The excuses for not having such a book wore numerous: insurmountable problems of different national educational systems, lack of time and funds, no publisher interested in that specific field, etc., etc. Peter van Kluiven, however, Maritime English lecturer at the Shipping & Transportcollege in Rotterdam, not at all impressed by all these arguments, sat down and did what others kept putting off. Originally meant to provide a sound foundation for his own teaching he was encouraged by the Maritime English Sub-Committee of the International Maritime Lecturers” Association (IMLA) to kill two birds with one stone, namely to let the Maritime English teaching community in his classroom and share his ideas. The outcome is convincing: a well structured, English-monolingual textbook with diversified texts, tasks and projects complemented and supplemented by a CD-ROM reflecting an up-to-date content based ‘communicative methodology of language teaching and learning tied The International Maritime Language Programme (IMLP). It is also suited for distant learning (I hope the overworked officer on board will get some time to join the programme in his or her watch below) The topics cover the essentials a ships officer in a multilingual crew needs to master in order to successfully meet the communication requirements at sea and in ports; the book even introduces the recently IMO adopted Standard Marine Communication Phrases (IMO SMCP 2002) embedded in a well thought out context and with appropriate exercises such as role plays. To put it in a nutshell: The International Maritime Language Programme, the course book and the CD- ROM, are well suited to acquire the basic communication requirements as laid down in the relevant sections of the IMO International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), 1978/95, and also to fil he IMO Model Course 3.17, Maritime English, with ie For a long time a Maritime English textbook like this has been waited for ~ here itis. Nautical and engineering students, Maritime English lecturers as well, would be well advised to assign this teaching and learning aid a prominent place in their daily work in classes. Peter van Kluijven deserves our wholehearted congratulations and thanks. Prof. Dr. Peter Trenkner November 2002 Chairman IMLA Sub-Committee on Maritime English FOREWORD 5UNIT ONE TEXTS, TASKS AND PROJECT MARITIME COMMUNICATION - Maritime Communication - The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) - VHF-Communication: Distress - Urgency - Safety - Search and Rescue - VHF-Communication: Routine Messages - Ship Reporting - Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) - Tasks: Role Plays - Project: VHF-Communication Search and Rescue MARITIME COMMUNICATIONMaritime Communication Maritime communication comprises communication between vessels and coast-stations, intership communication and intraship communication (internal communication when the vessel is berthing, casting off, leaving berth, loading or discharging, etc.) Vessels and coast-stations can communicate by means of RadioTelephony, Satelite, Digital Selective Calling (DSC) and Radio-Telex Categories of messages that can be transmitted and received are called “priorities”. They indicate the importance of the message. Priorities 1- A DISTRESS ALERT indicates that there is serious and immediate danger for vessel, crew and passengers. A Distress Alert is also referred to as a ‘MAYDAY “ 2- An URGENCY message indicates that there is serious danger for vessel, crew and passengers, ‘An Urgency Message is also referred to as a “PAN PAN” message. 3- A SAFETY message indicates that there is imminent risk for navigation. A Sately Message is also referred to as a “SECURITE” message. 4- A ROUTINE message is transmitted to ensure safe navigation, Routine messages refer to intership communication, exchange of data in port operations, ‘communication between ships and Vessel Traffic Services, inshore radar stations, pilot stations, bridges and locks. The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) ® The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System came into force in 1999 and is part of the International Convention concerning the Safely of Life at Sea (SOLAS). Its main objective is to prevent accidents by providing Marine Safety information and at least minimize ‘consequences of marine accidents by means of effective communication GMDES will enable a vessel to communicate with coastal stations and other vessels at any time and Under any circumstances. ‘Communication according to the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System comprises: = transmission of distress alerts to shore-based stations, including locating (homing) of the vessel in distress; + reception of shore-to-ship alerts; - transmission and reception of ship-to-ship alerts; = transmission and reception of messages concerning Search and Rescue Operations and On- Scene Communications during a SAR operation; ~ transmission and reception of radio-signals to indicate or determine positions; - transmission and reception of safety messages (Maritime Safety Information broadcasts); - intership-communication, by which is understood communication between vessels Sea-areas GMDSS distinguishes four sea-areas: ‘Sea Area At ‘An area within raciotelephone-coverage of at least one VHF-coast station, in which continuous VHF- DSC-alerting (channel 70) and radiotelephony services are available. This area extends 30 miles off shore. 8 MARITIME COMMUNICATIONSea Area A2 An area, excluding Sea Area Al, within radiotelephone-coverage of at least one MF-coast station, in which continuous DSC-alerting (2187.5 kHz) and radiotelephony services are available GMDSS-vessels travelling this area must carry a DSC-equipped MF radiotelephone in addition to equipment required for Sea Area At This area extends 200 miles off shore. Sea Area A3 ‘An area, excluding sea areas Al and A2, within coverage af an Inmarsat geostationary satellite, in which continuous alerting is available. This area extends between 70 degrees latitude North and 70 degrees latitude South: Ships travelling this area must either carry an Inmarsat A, 8 or G ship/earth station or a DSC-equipped HF radiotelephonertelex in addition to equipment required for an At and A2 Area. Sea Area Ad The areas outside A1, A2 and AS are A4-Sea Areas. Ships travelling these Polar Regions must carry a DSC-equipped HF radiotelephoneltelex, in adcition to equipment required for areas Ai and A2. This atea does not have inmarsat-, but COSPAS-SARSAT coverage. GMDSS-vessels Vessels that are subject to the Safety of Life at Sea- Convention (SOLAS) must comply with the GMDSS- regulations and must be fited with GMDSS-equipment. GMDSS-vessels (or SOLAS-vessels) include all vessels. engaged on international voyages, except very small vessels, such as pleasure yachts that are not engaged in trade, ships that are not self-propelled, but also men- of-war and troopships. These non-GMDSS vessels mentioned above do not have 10 comply with the system. Finally, national governments have the authority to class certain types of vessels as GMDSS-vessels. GMDSS Communication-set Systems GMDSS consists of a terrestrial- and a satelite-system. The terrestrial system (earth-system) comprises Radio-Telephony (RTF), Digital Selective Calling (DSC), Direct Printing Telegraphy (DPT), Navigational Telex (NAVTEX) and the Search and Rescue Radar Transponder (SART). The satellte-systems comprise Inmarsat, COSPAS/SARSAT, Emergency Position indicating Radio Beacons (EPIABs) and the Status Recording-system (STAREC} Radiotelephony A VHF-transceiver (transmitter + receiver) transmits and receives radio signals. ‘The VHF is used to bridge short distances, is easy to operate and is allowed to be used both in territorial waters and inland waterways Its receiver has a “push-to-talk button’. If the installation is a "simplex" radio, speaking and listening cannot be done simultaneously. When you wish to speak, you push the button; when you wish to listen, you release it. Before changing from speaking to listening, you say “over” Radiotelephone (the VHF) MARITIME COMMUNICATION 9If the installation is a “duplex” radiotelephone, speaking and listening can be done simultaneously, Most coast-stations are equipped with semi-duplex installations, with which speaking and listening can bbe done simultaneously, while the receiving-end has a simplex-installation VHF radio-communication can bridge about 40 miles. MF- or HF radiotelephony is used to bridge 150 miles (MF) to 2000 miles (HF). Reception of radio signals will not always be of high quality, and coverage will not always extend to the desired areas. This may of course have consequences for the safety of the vessel and her crew. These disadvantages of communication through speech has led to the introduction of Digital Selective Calling in maritime communication, Digital Selective Calling (DSC) Digital Selective Calling on VHF-, MF- and HF-maritime radios is part of the GMDSS. DSC is intended to digitally announce and initiate ship/Ship, ship/shore and shore/ship radiotelephone- and radiotelex calls. After the announcement has been digitally acknowledged by the receiving station or ship, communication is usually continued on VHF. To transmit a DSC-call, a GMDSS-operator enters the required commands to address the station or ship with which he wishes to communicate, and the priority of the call DSC-priorities are: 1- DISTRESS 2 - URGENCY 3- SAFETY 4- ROUTINE ADSC distress-alert consists of a pre-formatted distress message and is used. to announce and initiate mart) [ome] [om emergency communications with vessels and Rescue 25 GS et Co-ordination Centres (RCC'S) am] (oF) Natures of distress that can be entered into the format [P| [| [PR ® are: “fire/explosion”, ‘flooding’, ‘collision’, “grounding’, ‘isting’, “sinking’, “disabled and adrift” and “piracy’ ‘An “undesignated distress” is an alert that has not been formatted (no indication as to the type of cistress has DsC-