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  • Cow2 Howdnaworks Gracepansze

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    DNA contains two fundamental strands called nucleotides (genetic code) hydrogen bonds hold them together, called the "double helix" sugar phosphate covalent bonds resemble handrails of the latter, called sugarphosphate backbone. Purines ( adenine, guanine) can only form a hydrogen bond with pyrimidines ( thymine, cytosine)

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    DNA contains two fundamental strands called nucleotides (genetic code) hydrogen bonds hold them together, called the "double helix" sugar phosphate covalent bonds resemble handrails of the latter, called sugarphosphate backbone. Purines ( adenine, guanine) can only form a hydrogen bond with pyrimidines ( thymine, cytosine)

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    30 Ansichten2 Seiten

    Cow2 Howdnaworks Gracepansze

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    api-268208190
    DNA contains two fundamental strands called nucleotides (genetic code) hydrogen bonds hold them together, called the "double helix" sugar phosphate covalent bonds resemble handrails of the latter, called sugarphosphate backbone. Purines ( adenine, guanine) can only form a hydrogen bond with pyrimidines ( thymine, cytosine)

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    von 2

    COW2

    GracePansze
    Period6

    HowDNAWorks

    1)
    DNAcontainstwofundamentalstrandscallednucleotides(geneticcode)thatare
    arrangedlikealadderthathasbeentwistedmultipletimesinthesamedirection.Thislatteris
    calledthedoublehelixandisthebasicstructureofDNA.Thenucleotidesarethestepsofthe
    latterandhydrogenbondsholdthemtogether(adenineonlywiththymine[AtoT],and
    cytosineonlywithguanine[GtoC]).Thesugarphosphatecovalentbondsresemblehandrailsof
    thelatter,calledsugarphosphatebackbone.Everynucleotidecontainsaphosphategroup,a
    sugarmoleculeandoneoffourbases(nitrogenousbases):adenine,guanine,cytosine,or
    thymine(DNAStructure).Purines(adenine,guanine)canonlyformahydrogenbondwith
    pyrimidines(thymine,cytosine)toformnucleotides
    (Classnotes,11/18)
    .
    "DNAStructure."
    YouTube
    .N.p.,13Sept.2006.Web.17Nov.2015.

    2)
    StepbystepDNAReplication
    Step1:TheseparationofthetwoDNAstrands(sugarphosphate)atYfork(causedbygyrase)
    bytheenzymehelicase.HelicaseunraveltheDNAstrands,splittingtheminhalf.Thisis
    referredtoastheoriginorreplication.
    Step2:RNAPrimase53and35templatesandparentchainsattractRNAnucleotides
    (hydrogenbondbases)andtemporarilybindsRNAnucleotidestogether.RNAnucleotidesare
    theprimersforDNAnucleotidesandarecalledsinglestrandbindingproteins(SSB)orRNA
    primers.
    Step3:Theelongationofthe53and35strandsbeginswiththeDNAPolymeraseadding
    newnucleotidestothestrandtemplateandpairingthemwiththeirexistingcomplementary
    nucleotides,(AwithT,GwithC).
    Step4:DNAPolymerasereviewsDNAandremovesthetemporaryRNAPrimers.
    Step5:DNAligasestitchesthestrandstogetherandsealsthem.
    Step6:Theprocessrepeatsaftermechanismofrepairfixespossibleerrorsinthereplication.

    Kyrk,John."StepsofDNAReplication."
    StepsofDNAReplication
    .N.p.,2006.Web.18Nov.
    2015.

    Freudenrich,Craig."HowDNAWorksArticle.docx."
    GoogleDocs
    .USNationalLibraryof

    Medicine,n.d.Web.18Nov.2015.

    3)
    RNAtoDNATranscriptionProcessofEukaryoticCells
    Step1:InthenucleustheenzymeRNAPolymerasebindsDNAtoasequenceofgenetic
    codingreferredtoasthepromoter.
    Step2:ThepromoterunravelsthetwoDNAstrands,separatingthem.
    Step3:OneDNAstrandisusedasatemplatetocopynewnucleotidestocreateanewstrand.
    Step4:Thenewnucleotidesarematchedwiththecomplementingnucleotides(GwithC,A
    withU,RNAhasUracil,replacesthymine).
    Step5:ThenewstrandsarebondedtogethertocreateacomplementarycopyoftheDNA
    strand,alsoknownasthemRNA.
    Step6:TheprocesscontinuesuntilmRNAencountersaterminationsequenceornucleotides.

    Freudenrich,Craig."HowDNAWorksArticle.docx."
    GoogleDocs
    .USNationalLibraryof
    Medicine,n.d.Web.18Nov.2015.

    4)ExtraCredit(2pts):Whatdothefollowingcodonscodefor:UGGCAAAUUGCC?(Fun
    Fact!TheproteinUGGcodesfortheproteinlocatedinturkeymeatthatmakesyousleepy.)
    Thecodeis:
    TryptophanGlutamineIsoleucineAlanine
    HowDNAWorks
    .2007.HowStuffWorks,n.p.

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