Student Number Exam Choice 2008 PRELIMINARY COURSE EXAMINATION Chemistry Total marks ~ 75 General Instructions ‘+ Reading time ~ 5 minutes © Working time ~2 hours © Write using black or blue pen} This paper has two parts, Part A and Part B © Draw diagrams using pencil pitas ead ‘* Approved calculators may be | © Attempt Questions 1-15 used ‘© Allow about 30 minutes for this part Write your student number in} Part B ~ 60 marks the space provided ‘* Attempt Questions 16-27 * Allow about ! hour and 30 minutes for this partPart A - 15 marks Attempt Questions 1-15 Allow about 30 minutes for this part Use the multiple-choice answer sheet, Select the alternative A,B,C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval completely. Sample: 2445 (A) 2 B) 6 (ony () 9 etc EE Cit CHD EtHC If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new answer. A@? Bc oro If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows. ee oe ‘correctExam Choice 2008 INARY EXAMINATION Chemistry r Sheet iple Choice Answer Multip sop oe a nom ¢ ~ > 10. Tn 1d. 14, 15 450 AED AO AO ‘Oo AO AO AO sO a Ace) ie) A) AG, ‘© fer eee eee Student Numb BAG), BaGe): BiG. BiG) BO BO BO BO BO BO BO BiG) BO BO B1@ ic co CO cic. e© cO cO cO cO co cO co co Cie), ce >© »O >© >O LD) PO DO DO PO >O DO >O 2PO ce PD‘Which one of the scientists below is credited with the development of the modern Periodic Table? (A) Dalton (B) Rutherford (©) Mendeleev ) — Gay-Lussac Which one of the following choices correctly identifies an example of each class of chemical? Metallic Tonic Covalent Covalent Molecular Network, (A) _ [silicon lithium fluoride | carbon dioxide _ | silicon dioxide (8) [uranium sodium oxide | ammonium silicon chloride tetrachloride © [iron Silicon dioxide | water graphite ) [tin ‘ammonium ‘ammonia diamond chloride Which of the sets of chemicals below could be produced by a car using natural gas (methane) as fuel? (A) CO2, NO, SO, (B) _NO,COs, Csths (©) 80;,CO2,CO ) CO, CO, H20 Which of the following sets contains only exothermic reactions? {A) photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition of AgC\(s) (B) respiration, combustion, burning Mg(s) © combustion, photosynthesis, respiration (D) decomposition of CuCO,(s), photosynthesis, burning Mg(s)5 The table below shows some information about the percentage of water and its state in one ‘sphere’ of earth. Percentage of ‘sphere’ composed of water [| 70% State of water liquid To which one of the following spheres does the information in the above table refer? (A) Hydrosphere (B) Atmosphere (C) Biosphere (living things) (D) Lithosphere 6 Which one of the following properties most directly affects the reactivity of a metal? (A) malleability (B) melting point (©) first ionisation energy (D) electrical conductivity 7 Which of the following substances are members of an homologous series? (A) C3Hs, CsHio, CrHis (B) CsHs, CH, C3 (C) — CaHe, CsHio, CsHy. (D) C3Hy, CyHs, CsHi 8 Which one of the following equations is the basis for the formation of fossil fuels? (A) CeHix0s(aq) +602(g) > 6CO.(g) + 64:00) B) — 6COr(g) + 6H20(1) > CeHi2O¢(aq) + 60:48) (©) Hale) +20x(g) > COx(g) + 2400) ©) C+ 0x8) > COxs)10 u Identify the correct statement about aluminium, (A) Aluminium is a renewable resource because its ore, bauxite, is formed continuously by natural geological processes. (B) Aluminium mining and extraction consumes very little energy, and hence makes only a small contribution to the enhanced greenhouse effect, (©) One of the most important reasons for recycling aluminjum is that it consumes approximately 20% of the energy required to obtain it from its ore. (D) Aluminium production is sufficiently inexpensive that there is no demand for more expensive recycled material, Which of the following alternatives correctly identifies the molecular shape of water, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia? water hydrogen sulfide ammonia (A) bent bent pyramidal ®) linear Tinear pyramidal © pyramidal bent trigonal planar ©) bent Tinear ‘wigonal planar The density of water at 25°C is 1.00 gem”. The density of ice at 0°C is 0.917 gem*. ‘What volume change would occur if an ice cube of mass 9.50 g, initially at 0°C, melted to form liquid water with a final temperature of 25°C? (A) An increase in volume of 0.86 mL would occur (B) A decrease in volume of 0.86 mL would occur (oy An increase in volume of 0.79 mL would occur (D) A decrease in volume of 0.79 ml. would occur12 Which of the following shows the correct impacts on reaction rate, of changing concentration (C), pressure (P) and particle size (PS)? increasing C increasing P decreasing PS (A) increases rate decreases rate decreases rate (B) | increases rate creases rate increases rate (©) | decreases rate decreases rate decreases rate (D) [decreases rate increases rate ‘decreases rate 13 The final step in the extraction of copper from its ore is the refining of impure copper by electrolysis, the main features of which are shown below. direction of electron flow = ____ anode, —_____, ———cathode electrolyte ‘anode mud’ Which of the following statements about this process is correct? (A) Copper atoms in the impure copper are oxidised at the anode. (B) Copper ions are produced at the cathode. (C)__ Blectrons in the electrolyte move towards the anode. (©) The anode mud will contain more reactive metals such as zinc and magnesium.4 15 ‘The solubility rules for a range of common compounds are shown below: ‘Anion present in salt | General Solubility Rule Main exceptions Nitrate All salts soluble No exceptions Chloride Most salts soluble Lead(il); mercury(I), silver Sulfate Most salts soluble Lead(i; mereury(I), silver, barium Carbonate ‘Most salts insoluble ‘Group T and ammonium cations Hydroxide “Most salis insoluble ‘Students were given an unknown solution labelled “X”. They were told that the solution contained a single ionic compound. They performed the following tests on separate samples of the solution: Test Precipitate formed Add copper(Ii) sulfate v Add sodium chloride * ‘Add silver nitrate v Which of the compounds below could be the name of chemical "X"? (A) ®) © @) sodium sulfate barium chloride Jead(II) nitrate silver nitrate ‘The specific heat capacity of copper is 3.9 x 10° kg"K". A student heated a 125.0 g cube of copper by placing it in hot water. The initial temperature of the copper was 22.5°C. From measurements of the temperature change in the water, it was found that, 2.5 kJ of energy was lost from the water in heating up the copper. From the information above, the final temperature of the copper would be: (A) 8) © ©) 27.6°C 28.8°C 513°C 738°CPartB Attempt questions 16-27 Allow about 1 hour and 30 minutes for this part. Answer the questions in the spaces provided. Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations. Marks Question 16 (4 marks) Diamond, graphite and fullerenes, three allotropes of carbon, have remarkably 4 different physical properties. Account for the differences in electrical conductivity of each of these allotropes.Question 17 (4 marks) Explain, using specific examples, how the variety of metals available for human use has increased over time. Include at least one balanced equation in your answer. Question 18 (6 marks) ‘A chemistry teacher required a mixture of sulfur and iron (2 parts sulfur: 1 part iron) to use in an experiment. She found a sulfurfiron mixture which had been used in a previous year, but there was no information about the ratio of sulfur to iron on the label. The teacher took a sample of the unknown mixture and followed the procedure below to separate it Procedure 1. Weigh out a small mass of the mixture, 2, Transfer solid to a clean, dry conical flask. 3. Add 100g of hydrochioric acid-enough to react with all of the iron in the mixture, 4, After all of the iron appears to have dissolved, filter the remaining mixture through fine filter paper. 5. Dry the filter paper and weigh the residue. Question 18 continues on page 10. MarksMarks Question 18 (continued) ‘The measurements the teacher took are below. Mass of empty conical flask = 356.99 9 Mass of flask + sulfur/tron mixture = 360189 Average moss of clean dvy filter paper = 2.26 9 mass of avy filter paper + residue = 4.259 (a) Should the method the teacher chose to separate the sulfur and the iron be 2 classed as a physical separation” Justify your answer. (b) The products of the addition of hydrochloric acid to the iron in the mixture are 1 iron (II) chloride and hydrogen gas. Write a balanced chemical equation for this react (©) Use the measurements above to calculate the % of iron in the mixture and use 3 your answer to explain whether the mixture meets the teacher's requirements. 10Question 19 (5 marks) The graph below shows the trend in the first ionisation energy and atomic radius of the first 20 elements against their atomic number. Atomic radius and first ionisation energy vs atomie number 025 SEALEEEEL WL LEELA 01s ri } t 1800 pA Atomic Radius (nm) 12945678 9 2 6 17 we ‘Atomic number a Aiomnie Radius (wn) —e—Fist loisation Energy faimal) Explain the trends displayed in the graph, using specific examples to illustrate your answer. rr Marks,Marks Question 20 (4 marks) ‘The particle theory is a simple yet powerful tool for understanding chemical processes. Use the particle theory to explain how the following changes would affect the rate of a chemical reaction. (a) The addition of a catalyst to the reaction mixture. 2 (b) An increase in temperature, 2 Question 21 (4 marks) A student wants to verify part of the metal reactivity series using 3 metals, X, Y and Z. She finds that metal X reacts with dilute HCI to produce Hy (g) and a compound of formula XCl2, whereas Y and Z do not react with dilute HCL (a) Write two half equations to represent the electron transfer reactions whit when X reacts with dilute HCl. ‘occur 2 (b) Outline a method for determining the relative reactivity of Y and Z (you may 2 use other appropriate chemicals). 12Marks Question 22 (7 marks) A chemistry student is required to produce 25.0 mL of 0.01M sodium carbonate solution. She was provided with the following forms of sodium carbonate: * A bottle containing 200.0 mL of 0.05M sodium carbonate solution. ‘* A container of solid sodium carbonate. Describe TWO methods the student could use to produce the required solution, 7 each using a different starting form of sodium carbonate provided. Include calculations, the necessary equipment and the procedure to be followed in your answer.Marks Question 23 (6 marks) The following table shows the boiling point of some alkanes in common, everyday usage. alkane boiling point °C) methane “161.5 propane ~42.1 butane “05 octane 125.7 (a) Draw the structure of butane. 1 (b) Explain the trend shown by the data in the table. 3 (©) Compare the safe storage requirements of butane and octane. 2Marks ‘Question 24 (6 marks) ‘The following table shows various bond energies (the energy required or produced when the bond is broken or formed). bond energy (kJ/mol) CH 414 Cc 346 co 358 c=0 804 O=0 498 0-0 144 O-H 463 HA 436 Consider the combustion of one mole of methane: CHA(g) + 202(g) > COr(g) + 2H20(1) This equation can also be shown as: o=0 HGH + ——> o=c=0 + Ay o=0 (@) Calculate the total energy required to break the bonds in the reactants. 1 (b) Calculate the total energy released when the products are formed. 1 Question 24 continues on page 16.Marks Question 24 (continued) (©) Using your answer to (a) and (b) on the previous page, calculate AH for this 1 reaction. (@ Draw a labelled energy profile diagram for the reaction, Seales on your axes are 3 not required. 16Marks Question 25 (6 marks) The figure below shows the boiling points of a number of substances of similar molecular mass (in a range 16-34 amu). ‘The substances shown include ammonia, ethyne, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen sulfide, methane, nitrogen and water. Boiling points of chemicals with similar molecular masses 150 100 Boiling Point (°C) “100 “150 -200 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Molecular mass (a) Use the graph to estimate the boiling point of ethyne. 1 Question 25 continues on page 18. 7Marks Question 25 (continued) (©) Account for the higher boiling points of the substances with molecular mass 3 17, 18 and 20. (©) When analysing the effect of molecular shape and polarity on the boiling point 2 of molecules, why should the molecular mass of the molecules be similar? Question 26 (4 marks) A student transferred 1.35 g of Cu(NOs)a(s) and 1.35 g of NaxCO;(s) to separate beakers, and dissolved each in 100 mL of water. The student then mixed the two solutions, producing a blue precipitate. (a) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. 1 (b) Calculate the mass of CuCO; that could be formed in this reaction. 3Marks Question 27 (4 marks) During your Preliminary course you measured the heat of solution of some solids. (a) Describe a method you could use to measure the heat of solution of sodium 3 hydroxide, (b) Identify one reason why your experimental result would differ from the 1 theoretical (literature) value. 19NSW INDEPENDENT TRIAL EXAMS - 2009 CHEMISTRY YR 11 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION MARKING GUIDELINES Section I t[27,3 4 Ts7Teéy,7{s[s]/ol[nl[rm)spuyis) clpi[cTatectselporatrc|[pisplpislfalc] Section IL 16(a) ta Be Suggested answer ‘ a Mark Quariz,calcite — Bromofom Rutile (heavy minecels) : a Mark Proportion of heavy minerals = 0.23 x 100/5.0 = 4.6% by mass. 1 16(0) Suggested answer Mark Perform the separation in a fume hood and wear safety glasses, chemical gloves/apron. 2 11a) tt cH [Suggested answer Mark | CHF COFFS CaCOs5 1 | ‘The removal of calcium and carbonate ions from solution leaves sodium and hydroxide ions, which make a solution of sodium hydroxide. 1 17(b) oe Suggested answer Marke CaCO3 > CaO + COrep 1 This is an endothermic decomposition reaction, requiring a high temperature and beat energy from cémbustion of a fuel. 1 ig a ‘Suggested answer Marks ‘Magnesium burns in oxygen to form magnesium oxide, Mgy + Oxy > MgO 1 Jn this reaction cach magnesium atom transfers 2 electrons to an oxygen atom, forming | magnesium and oxide ions. MgO: > Mg"*:0:> 1 With sulfuric acid magnesium transfers its 2 valence electrons to hydrogen ions, forming 1 aqueous magnesium ions and hydrogen gas. Mgw 2H" > Mg” + Haw Mg:/2H" > Mg” + HH NSW Independent Trial Exams 2009 — Chemistry Trial Yr 11 Preliminary Exam: Marking Criteria - Page 119 ‘Suggested answer Marks Hydrogen is obtained from water by electrolysis. A solution of dilute sulfuric acid was placed in a beaker with two stainless steel (or graphiteplatinum) electrodes and a power supply set at about 6 volts. Hydrogen gas bubbled from the negative electrode (cathode) and oxygen gas from the positive electrode (anode), in a volume ratio of 2:1, (Suitable diagram) ‘When water is changed to steam the water molecules are separated from each other requiring eneray to overcome the intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonds). When water is electrolysed the much stronger covalent bonds within the water molecules are broken and this requires much more energy. 20 ‘Suggested answer Marks ‘Tungsten is a high-melting metal consisting OF lattice of ions in a sea of mobile, electrons, which allow it to conduct an electric current and be drawn into a fine wire to form the filament of the lamp. Silica is a covalent network compound, with each silicon atom forming four covalent bonds with oxygen atom in an endless 3 dimensional array. As a result it is high-melting, transparent and a non-conductor of electricity. Argon is a noble gas consisting of monatomic molecules. It is chemically inert and prevents combustion of the filament which would occur if a reactive gas such as air was present. 21(a) Suggested answer Marks Each of these metals is bighly lustrous and able to form a flexible film. They do not tamish (oxidise), silver because of its very low activity and aluminium as itis protected by a thin layer of oxide. 21(b) Suggested answer Marks lace the piece of metal in a fest tube containing dilute sulfuric or hydrochloric acid ‘Warm the contents. If the metal dissolves, forming hydrogen it is aluminium. Aly +3H" > AP +3/2Hoip Silver has no reaction with dilute acid, as itis low in the activity series. 22(a) Suggested answer Marks bs 322(b) Suggested answer “Marks Element | Atomic | Melting Point (0) | Tonisation Energy Number (kJ mot!) Carbon 6 3700, 1090 Silicon uw _| 1410 786 Germanium 2 | ~ 800 150 2 Tin | 50 232 707 Lead 2 327, 716 23(a) : ‘Suggested answer Marks _ | H HH HS: H H H 3 The water moleculehas a The ammonia molecule has The hydrogen sulfide bent shape. a pyramidal shape. molecule has a bent shape. 23(b) ‘Suggested answer Marks All three molecules are polar and so have dipole-dipole aliractions between their 1 molecules. Water and arnmonia also have the ability to form hydrogen bonds, hence their ‘melting and boiling points are higher than for hydrogen sulfide. As oxygen is much more electronegative than nitrogen, water has higher polarity than ammonis, thus forms stronger hydrogen bonds. With their bent shape and high polarity, water molecules aggregate into large clusters held together by hydrogen bonds. The strong intermolecular 1 forces between these lead to a high melting and boiling point compared with other small molecules. 24(a) Ee Suggested answer ‘Marks PONOSiig > PET + 2 1 Pb* + 20 > Polos 1 24(b) Suggested answer Marks Moles of Nal required = 0.2.x 0.5=0.10 mol 1 Mole mass of Nal = 23.0+ 126.9 = 149.9 g Mass of Nal needed = 0.10 x 149.9 = 14.99 g (better, 15 g) 1 24(6) ‘Suggested answer Marks Limiting reagent is Nal (mole ratio 2:1) 1 Moles PbI; formed = 0.05 mol. Mass of Pb formed = 0.050 x (207.2 +2 x 126.9) = 23.05 L 25(a) Suggested answer Marks Alkanes are volatile substances with low melting and boiling points. They consist of nonpolar covalent molecules substances with only weak dispersion forces between their molecules. These weak intermolecular forces allow the molecules to separate easily from each other resulting in low melting and boiling points, producing vapours easily, hence their volatile nature. 3 NSW Independent Trial Exams 2009 Chemistry Trial Yr 11 Preliminary Exam: Marking Criteria - Page 325(b) Suggested answer Fractional distillation uses differences in boiling points fo separate mixtures. Different fractions of petroleum have significantly different boiling points, and these boiling points are relatively low and so easily reached in industrial furnaces. This makes fractional distillation an ideal method for separating the components of petroleum. The petroleum is. heated in a furnace before being fed into the lower end of the fractionating column. The fractions that are not gaseous fall to the bottom and removed while the gaseous fractions rise up the column. The column becomes cooler towards the top, forcing the different fractions to liquefy at different levels of the column, where they can then be drained off separately. 25(@)_ Suggested answer Marks Diamond is made of carbon atoms arranged in a 3-dimensional lattice structure where each atom is covalently bonded to 4 other carbon atoms. Graphite is made of carbon atoms arranged in a 2-dimensional latice structure where each atom is covalently bonded to 3 other carbon atoms, forming a layered structure. Bach layer is able to slide easily over the other as there are only relatively weak attractive forces between the layers. 26(b) ‘Suggested answer Marks Diamond is an extremely hard solid substance and so is on blades used for cutting other hard substances. Graphite is an extremely soft, slippery solid and so is used as a dry lubricant between moving surfaces. 27) ‘Suggested answer T Marks | bonds broken -— 4 x C—H bonds and 2 x O= O bonds bonds formed ~ 2 x C = O bonds and 4 x O~H bonds | 27) ‘Suggested answer T ‘The energy associated with the bond breaking is absorbed during the process, while the | energy associated with the bond formation is released. Since the overall reaction is | exothermic, the total amount of energy released during bond formation is greater than the | total amount of energy absorbed during the bond breaking. 28 Marks ‘Suggested answer Marks Increasing temperature increases the speed of the reactant molecules, increasing the energy of collision between these molecules. The molecules are more likely to reach the required activation energy for the reaction when they collide. Collisions also are more frequent. Increasing the concentration of the reactants increases the density of the reactant molecules, increasing the rate of collision between these molecules. Both increasing temperature and increasing concentration of reactants result in an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction. NSW Independent Trial Exams 2009 ~ Chemistry Trial Yr 11 Preliminary Exam: Marking Criteria - Page 42009 CHEMISTRY PRELIMINARY HSC ~ Mapping Grid “Marks Question | Marks Content Syllabus Target perfomance a 8. Outcomes bands i i 835 68 23 2 I 82.1 13 23 3 I 83.1 3,4 23 4 1 $2.2, 833 6 3-4 5 i 82.1 5 23 6 I 82.1, 834 10, 13, 14 a5 7 1 833 6,7, 14 34 8 1 82.3,832 6 23 9 1 834 10 34 10 1 844 10, 14 45 1 I 844 10 34 12 I 345 4 23 13 i 35.1 g 23 14 i 8.5.3 6 23 15 1 8.5.5 610 a5 16(a) 2 8.2.1 2,13 23 16(b) 1 82.1 10, 14 23 16(c) 2! 81 i 24 17) 2 B44 8,13 3-4 170) 2 824 78,13 34 i8 4 323,832 2,6 25 19 4 82.4, 8.5.4 23,7 35 20 6 83.2, 825,833 3, 4, 6, 12 _ 3-6 2it@) 2 82.2, 8.2.5 3,6,13 24 (210) 2 83.2 7,8,11, 12, 35 22(a) 3 31,833 6,11, 12,14 25 22(b) 2 81,833 6, 11, 12,14 34 23(a) 3 BAZ 6,13 24 23(6) 2 B42 6,13 35 24(a) 2 843,844 8,13 24 24(o) 2 8.43, 8.4.4 8, 10,14 23 24(c) 2 844 8, 10, 14 34 25(a) 3 85.3 69 35 25(b) 3 82.1853 4,69 35 (26a) [2 85.2 6,9 24 26(b) 2 | __ 852 46,9 24 27a) 2 8.5.4 6,8,9, 10 35 2716) 2 78,9 35 28 3 8.55 7,8 35 75