Name(s):MitchandHelena

Period:4
Date:12/14/15

CaseStudy#10

DiagnosisandExplanation
Thisboyshowsallsignsofaobsessivecompulsivedisorder,morecommonlyknownas
OCD.As
PsychologyToday
definesit,Obsessivecompulsivedisorder(OCD)isananxiety
disorderinwhichpeoplehaveunwantedandrepeatedthoughts,feelings,ideas,sensations
(obsessions),orbehaviorsthatmakethemfeeldriventodosomething(compulsions)
(1)The
factthathemusthaveeverythinginaroutinedowntoeverydetailorelsehehasfeelingsof
anxietyproveshehasthisdisorder.

BehavioralTherapies
ItissaidbytheInternationalOCDfoundation(IOCDF),thatthemosteffectivetreatment
forthisdisorderisCognitiveBehavioralTherapy(CBT)and/ormedication.CBTisatypeof
psychotherapydefinedasexposureandresponseprevention.Itwasoriginallyusedtotreat
depressionbutisnowusedtotreatavarietyofmentalillnesses,likeOCD.Ithasthestrongest
evidencesupportingitsuseinthetreatmentofOCD,and/oraclassofmedicationscalled
serotoninreuptakeinhibitors,orSRIs(IOCDF)
Itconsistsofworkingwithamentalhealth
counselor,whichisapsychotherapistortherapist,inastructuredway,andalsoattendinga
limitednumberofsessions.

CognitiveTherapy
ItissaidbytheInternationalOCDfoundation(IOCDF),thatthemosteffectivetreatment
forthisdisorderisCognitiveBehavioralTherapy(CBT)and/ormedication.CBTisatypeof
psychotherapydefinedasexposureandresponseprevention.Itwasoriginallyusedtotreat
depressionbutisnowusedtotreatavarietyofmentalillnesses,likeOCD.Ithasthestrongest
evidencesupportingitsuseinthetreatmentofOCD,and/oraclassofmedicationscalled
serotoninreuptakeinhibitors,orSRIs(IOCDF)
Itconsistsofworkingwithamentalhealth
counselor,whichisapsychotherapistortherapist,inastructuredway,andalsoattendinga
limitednumberofsessions.

GroupTherapies
OCDsupportgroupsareavailableinavarietyofdifferentorganizationsthatcanbe
foundthroughasimplewebsearch.OCDsupportgroupsenableyoushareyourown
experiencesandlearnfromotherswhoarefacingthesameproblemsasyou.Thiscanbe
effectiveformanysufferingfromthisdisorderbecausetheywillfeelasiftheyarenotaloneand
canimprovetheirqualityoflife.

BiologicalTreatments
Medicationcanonlybeprescribedbyalicensedmedicalprofessional,likeaphysicianor
apsychiatrist.Theywouldthenwouldworktogetherwithatherapisttodevelopatreatment
plan
and determine what medication works best for the individual patient, depending on the
severity and symptoms etc.
Takentogether,ERPandmedicationareconsideredthefirstline
treatmentsforOCD.(InternationalOCDFoundation)

CaseStudy#27
DiagnosisandExplanation
WediagnosedthiswomenwithObsessiveCompulsionDisorderandBodyDysmorphia.
BDD(bodydysmorphicdisorder)isabodyimagedisordercharacterizedbypersistentand
intrusivepreoccupationswithanimaginedorslightdefectinone'sappearance.(ADAA).She
exhibitsthiswhenshepicksatherface,thinksaboutherbreastsorstomach,andconstantly
fretsaboutherappearanceandpersonalhygiene.ShesalsodiagnosedwithOCD(definedin
case#10)becauseofherobsessionwithmirrorsandwashing.Shewillshowerwiththree
differentkindsofsoap,washherfacetwoorthreetimesatonce,andconstantlyneedstolook
atherselfwhensheseesamirror.

BehavioralTherapies
InthecaseofthosewithBodyDysmorphicDisorder,alotofpeopledonotlookformedical
treatmentbutinsteadlookforsurgicaltreatmentstofixtheirperceivedappearanceflaws,which
inlongtermonlymakesthisdisorderworse.Thisiswhyitisamuchharderdisordertotreat
anddetect,anditisimportantforlovedonestobeawareandbeabletorecognizeitsothey
canofferhelp.ClinicalBiologicalTherapiesaresaidtobethemosteffectivewaytohealBDD,
CBTmodelsofBDD(e.g.,Veale,2004Wilhelmetal.,2013)incorporatebiological,
psychological,andsocioculturalfactorsinthedevelopmentandmaintenanceofBDD.
(InternationalOCDfoundation)

CognitiveTherapies
ThetechniquesincludedinthetherapyforBDDincludecognitiverestructuring,exposureand
ritualprevention,andrelapseprevention.Inthesetreatments,physiciansmakeittheirgoalto
individualizethetechniqueoftherapyforeachspecificpatient,andtoworkoutwhatqualitiesof
themselvestheydontlike,sothattheycanfocusonthosespecifically.Motivational
Interviewingisatacticused,inwhichthetherapistempathizeswiththepatientsbody
imagerelateddistressinsteadofdirectlyquestioningthevalidityofthebeliefs.Thisisfoundto
beveryeffectivebecausethepatientfeelsmorecomfortabletalkingabouttheirflaws,insteadof
ashamedandinsecure.Thisisanimportantsteptohealingthisdisorder,gainingconfidence,
andovercomingthenegativethoughts.


GroupTherapies
GrouptherapyisnotapopulartreatmentforeitherOCDorBDD.Inmostcases,aone
ononetherapysessionismorebeneficialtoapatientintermsoffindingoutwherethethe
sourceofthethoughtsorbehavioriscomingfrom.Supportgroupsareavailablesoshecan
knowsheisntaloneinherstruggle.Thiscanoffermoralsupportandpossiblyotherpeopleshe
canuseasoutletstotalkaboutherproblems.

BiologicalTreatments
DrugsareaneffectivetreatmentforOCDpatients.About7outof10peoplewillbenefit
frommedication.EffectsofOCDareusuallyreducedby4060%throughmedication.Thetypes
ofmedicationthatresearchhasshowntobemosteffectiveforOCDareatypeofdrugcalleda
SerotoninReuptakeInhibitor(SRI),whicharetraditionallyusedasanantidepressants,butalso
helptoaddressOCDsymptoms.(IOCDF).WhilenotallantidepressantsworkforOCD,theystill
mayhelpwiththeBodyDysmorphicDisease.TheSerotoninReuptakeInhibitorshouldbethe
bestoption,helpingboththeOCDandBDD.

CaseStudy#38
DiagnosisandExplanation
WearediagnosingSamanthawithPTSD(PostTraumaticStressDisorder).When
experiencingatraumatizingevent,peoplesflightorfightkickin.PeoplewhohavePTSDmay
feelstressedorfrightenedwhentheyrenolongerindanger.(nimh).Thethreatofphysical
harm,thetornadothatscaredSamantha,likelyinducedPTSD.WediagnosedherwithPTSD
becauseshestartedexperiencingthesenightmaresandflashbacksafterthisevent,evenwhen
sheisinasafeenvironment.

BehavioralTherapies
Whilemanybehavioraltherapiesseemliketheywouldn'tbeeffectiveforthissituation,Cognitive
therapyisonethatcouldwork.Exposuretherapywouldbeaterribleidea,unlessshe
associatesthemidwesttoherPTSD.StressInoculationTrainingwouldhelpsolelyso
Samanthacanunderstandwhat'sgoingon(med)

CognitiveTherapies
MyworkforSamantha.Acognitivetherapywouldmeanshewouldtalkwhilesomeonetriedto
figureoutherthoughtpattern(Mayo).Ifsheidentifiesanunrealisticviewonherfear,itmaybe
somethingshecouldworkwiththetherapisttocorrect.

GroupTherapies

Grouptherapiesmaynotcorrecttheproblemthebestway,butitmayworkwondersonher
moralsupport.Seeingpeoplestrugglingwiththesamethingandsharingherownfearsmaybe
encouraging(Mayo).CouldpossiblyhelpSamanthacopewithherproblem.

BiologicalTreatments
Antidepressantsmayhelpsleepproblems,aswellasadrugcalledprazosin.PrazosinisntFDA
approvedhowever.Prazonhelpswithinsomniaandrecurrentnightmares.(Mayo)Iwouldnot
prescribethemedication,butIwouldmakethepatientawareofit.IdontthinktheFDA
approveddrugscouldimprovethesleepsituation.

ResourcePage

study38:"PostTraumaticStressDisorder."
NIMHRSS
.U.S.DepartmentofHealthandHuman
Services.Web.11Dec.2015.

"PosttraumaticStressDisorder(PTSD)."
TreatmentsandDrugs
.MayoFoundationforMedical
EducationandResearch.Web.11Dec.2015.

"PosttraumaticStressDisorder."
CTSA:PTSD:Treatment
.UniversityofPennsylvania.Web.11
Dec.2015.

study10:
"ObsessiveCompulsiveDisorder."PsychologyToday.SussexPublishers,LLC.Web.14Dec.
2015.

study27:

"ObsessiveCompulsiveDisorder."
NIMHRSS
.U.S.DepartmentofHealthandHuman
Services.Web.11Dec.2015.

"BodyDysmorphicDisorder(BDD)|AnxietyandDepressionAssociationofAmerica,ADAA."
BodyDysmorphicDisorder(BDD)|AnxietyandDepressionAssociationofAmerica,ADAA
.
AnxietyandDepressionAssociationofAmerica.Web.11Dec.2015.

"HowIsOCDTreated?"
InternationalOCDFoundation.
InternationalOCDFoundation,28Apr.
2014.Web.11Dec.2015.

"ATherapist'sGuidefortheTreatmentofBodyDysmorphicDisorder."BDD.InternationalOCD
Foundation,14Aug.2014.Web.14Dec.2015.

Hartmann,Andrea,JenniferGreenberg,andSabineWilhelm."ATherapist'sGuideforthe
TreatmentofBodyDysmorphicDisorder."
BDD
.InternationalOCDFoundation,14Aug.2014.
Web.14Dec.2015.