REACTIONS OF CATIONS WITH NaOH

AND NH 3
Io n

Ag
Hg 22

Pb2

N a O H ( L im ite d )

N a O H (E x c e s s )

NH 3 ( L i m i t e d )

NH 3 ( E x c e s s )

Ag 2O

In s o lu b le

Ag 2O

Ag ( NH 3 )2

B r o n is h B la c k

Hg 2O

B r o n is h B la c k

Pb(OH ) 2
W h ite

Cu 2

Cu (OH )2
B lu e

Cd 2

Bi3

Cr 3

In s o lu b le

W h ite

Cr (OH )3

Fe(OH )3

Ni (OH ) 2
Co(OH ) 2
Zn(OH ) 2
W h ite

Mn 2

Mn(OH )2

Mg (OH ) 2
W h ite

W h ite

Bi (OH )3
W h ite

Al (OH )3

Cr (OH )4

Cr (OH )3

G r e e n s o lu tio n

W h ite

Fe(OH )3

In s o lu b le

Ni (OH )2

Zn(OH )4 2
In s o lu b le

B ro w n

D e e p B lu e s o l.

Cd ( NH 3 )4 2
In s o lu b le

In s o lu b le

P a r tia lly s o lu b le

P a r tia lly s o lu b le

In s o lu b le

Ni( NH 3 )6 2

G re e n

D e e p B lu e s o l.

Co(OH )2

Co( NH 3 )6 3

P in k

Zn(OH )2
W h ite

Mn(OH )2
P in k is h w h ite

In s o lu b le

Cu ( NH 3 )4 2

G re e n

In s o lu b le

In s o lu b le

In s o lu b le

W h ite

Al (OH )4

P in k is h w h ite

Mg 2

B lu e

Bi (OH )3

P in k

Zn 2

Cu (OH ) 2

HgO.Hg ( NH 2 ) X

G re e n

Co2

W h ite

In s o lu b le

B ro w n

Ni 2

In s o lu b le

Pb(OH ) 2

R e d /Y e llo w

G re e n

Fe3

Pb(OH )4 2

Hg O

Al (OH )3

In s o lu b le

B r o n is h B la c k

Cd (OH ) 2

W h ite

Al 3

Hg HgO.Hg ( NH 2 ) X

In s o lu b le

Cd (OH )2
W h ite

Hg 2

In s o lu b le

B ro n is h B la c k

Mg (OH )2
W h ite

P in k s o lu tio n

Zn( NH 3 )4 2
In s o lu b le

In s o lu b le

Reaction with KCN solution

Io n

C H E M IC A L R E A C T IO N S

Ag

Ag

KCN

AgCN

Ag (CN )2

excess KCN

white ppt .

Pb 2

Hg 22

Cu

Cd

Pb 2

Hg 22

Cu 2

Cd 2

KCN

Hg
black ppt .

Inso lub le

Cu(CN

)2

KCN

Cd(CN

)2

Hg (CN )2

decomposes

(CN )2

excess KCN

white ppt .

Fe3

Co 2

KCN

Yellow

Fe2

Ni 2

excessKCN

Pb(
CN
)2

white ppt .

Fe2

Fe

KCN

colourless
so l ution

Ni 2

KCN

Cd (CN )4 2

pale yellow solution

excess KCN

Fe(CN
) 3

reddish brown ppt .

KCN

Ni(CN
) 2

KCN

Co(CN
) 2

reddish brown

CdS

yellow ppt .

K 4 Fe(CN )6

excess KCN

Fe(CN )
2

Cu (CN ) 4 3

H 2 S passed

colourless
so lub le

excess

green

Co2

white

yellowish brown ppt .

KCN

excess KCN

CuCN

K3 Fe(CN )6
yellow solution

Ni(CN )4 2
yellow sol .

excess

Co(CN )6 4
brown sol .

Page 2

Reaction with KI solution

Io n

C H E M IC A L R E A C T IO N S

Ag

Ag

KI

excess KI

AgI

No change

yellow ppt .

Pb

Pb 2

KI

yellow ppt .

Hg 22

Hg 22

KI

Cu 2

Hg 2

Bi 3

colourless so lub le

excess KI

Hg
2 I 2

KI

Cu
I
white

Hg
black ppt .

green ppt .

Cu 2

Pb I 4 2

excess KI

PbI
2

Hg I 4 2
colourless
so lub le

I 3

brown

A d d in g a n e x c e s s o f s o d iu im th io s u lp h a te to th e s o lu tio n , tr i- io d id e io n s a r e r e d u c e d
to c o lo u r le s s io d id e io n s a n d th e w h ite c o lo u r o f th e p r e c ip ita te b e c o m e s v is ib le .

Hg 2

KI

excess KI

HgI

2

scarlet red ppt .

Bi 3

KI

BiI 3

brownish black ppt .

Hg I 4 2
colourless
so lub le

excess KI

BiI 4

orange to yellow solution

depending upon concentration

Page 3

Reaction with K 4 Fe(CN )6 / K3 Fe(CN )6

Io n

Cu 2

C H E M IC A L R E A C T IO N S

Cu 2 K 4 Fe(CN )6 Cu2 Fe(CN )6 ; chocolate brown ppt.

Cu 2 K 3 Fe(CN )6 Cu3 Fe(CN )6 2 ; green ppt .
Fe 2 K 4 Fe(CN )6

Fe3 Fe(CN )6

Fe2

reaction
redox
first
3

Fe2 Fe(CN )6

in absence air

K 2Fe Fe(CN )6
white ppt .

Fe4[ Fe(CN)6 3

Pr ussian blue ppt .

Fe3[ Fe(CN)6 2

Turnbull ' s blue ppt .

(det ected earlier )

Fe3

Fe3 Fe(CN )6

Fe[ Fe(CN )6 ]; brown colouration

Zn 2 K 4 Fe(CN )6 K 2 Zn3 Fe(CN )6 2

Zn

white ppt .

Zn

K3 Fe(CN )6 No observation

Page 4