Bi ging Phng php s dnh cho Khoa C-H Thy Li-V Mnh Ti

2012-2013

MT S HNG DN N MY TNH CM TAY TNH NHANH CC KT

QU S:
I.

Hng dn n my tnh 500 MS, 570 MS, 500 ES, 570 ES hoc cc my khc tng
ng, gii gn ng nghim ca phng trnh phi tuyn bng cng thc lp:
() =
Vi
() = ( + )
Ta gi s vi cng thc lp c thit lp l
=
{
+ = ( ) = ( + )
+) Bc 1: Nhp gi tr ban u: Nhp gi tr v lu vo mt b nh A bng cch n
cc phm 2 Shift Sto A.
+) Bc 2: Nhp biu thc lp: Thao tc trn biu thc
( ) = ( + )
u c th ta n Alpha A. Sau khi nhp xong th lu vo chnh A (Shift Sto A) ta c
gi tr 1 = 2.63905733
+) Bc 3: Lp: n phm = lin tip th ta c cc kt qu 2 ; 3 ; v cho bi bng sau.
n

2.63905733

2.83113021

2.891221301

2.910128666

2.916085467

2.917962846

2.918554596

2.918741122

2.918799918

10

2.918818451

+) Ch :
- Mi ln n = th nh ghi kt qu lun.
- Nu mun tnh gi tr ca ( ) = (2 + 10) th ta lm nh sau:

Bi ging Phng php s dnh cho Khoa C-H Thy Li-V Mnh Ti

2012-2013

Nhp biu thc (): u c ta n Alpha X sau n CALC my hi X? Ta nhp

gi tr cn tnh vo, v d 10 = 2.918818451 ta nhp 2.918818451 ri n = ta c
kt qu (10 ) = 1.081925472 104 .
Hng dn n my tnh 500MS; 500ES; 570MS; 570ES, gii h phng trnh
tuyn tnh bng phng php lp Gauss-Seidel.

II.

V d vi h 3 phng trnh 3 n sau:

71 22 + 33 = 3
{ 21 + 92 + 3 = 4
1 + 42 + 83 = 4
Dy lp Gauss-Seidel vi gi tr ban u x0(0) ( x1(0) ; x2(0) ; x3(0) ) (0;0;0)

2 (k ) 3 (k ) 3
( k 1)
x2 x3
x1
7
7
7

2 ( k 1)
1
4
( k 1)
x3( k )
x2 x1
9
9
9

1
( k 1) 1 ( k 1) 1 ( k 1)

x3 8 x1 2 x2
2

(1)
(2)
(3)

+)Bc 1: Nhp v lu gi tr ban u: x0(0) ( x10 ; x20 ; x30 ) (0;0;0)

0 Shift Sto A

0 Shift Sto B

0 Shift Sto C

+) Bc 2: Nhp cc biu thc ca dy lp:

Nhp biu thc 1 :
0

Alpha

Shift

Sto

2/7

Alpha

3/7

Alpha

3/7

x1(1) 0.428571
Nhp biu thc 2:
(-)

2/9

Shift Sto

Alpha

A + 0 x Alpha B - 1/9 x Alpha C + 4/9

x2(1) 0.349206
Nhp biu thc 3
1/8

Alpha

1/2

Alpha

Alpha

Bi ging Phng php s dnh cho Khoa C-H Thy Li-V Mnh Ti
Shift Sto
C

2012-2013

x3(1) 0.378968
+) Bc 3:
n 2
ln
Ri n phm =

x1(2) 0.365929

n 2
ln
Ri n phm =

x2(2) 0.321019

n 2
ln
Ri n phm =

x3(2) 0.385232

(*)Tip tc nh bc 3 ta c x2 , V ta c bng kt qu
k

x1( k )

x2( k )

x3( k )

0.428571

0.349206

0.378968

0.365929

0.321019

0.385232

0.355192

0.322709

0.383044

0.356612

0.322636

0.383258

0.356500

0.322638

0.383243

Nghim (5) = (0.356500; 0.322638; 0.383243)

Ch : +) c kt qu no th phi ghi lun vo bng kt qu.
+)Nu h n phng trnh n n th ta lm tng t nh trn nhng phi dng mt b n bin nh, v phi nhp n
biu thc ng thi bc 3 phi n n-1 ln quay tr li biu thc ban u
n n-1
ln

+)Lp n th phc tp hn v phi dng n 2 b nh.

Hng dn n my tnh 500MS; 500ES; 570MS; 570ES, gii h phng trnh tuyn tnh bng phng php lp n.
V d vi h 3 phng trnh 3 n:

71 22 + 33 = 3
{ 21 + 92 + 3 = 4
1 + 42 + 83 = 4

Bi ging Phng php s dnh cho Khoa C-H Thy Li-V Mnh Ti
Dy lp n vi gi tr ban u x0(0) ( x10 ; x20 ; x30 ) (0;0;0)

2012-2013

2 (k ) 3 (k ) 3
( k 1)
x2 x3
(1)
x1
7
7
7

2 (k )
1
4
( k 1)
x3( k )
(2)
x2 x1
9
9
9

1
( k 1) 1 ( k ) 1 ( k )

(3)
x3 8 x1 2 x2
2

+)Bc 1: Nhp v lu gi tr ban u: x0(0) ( x10 ; x20 ; x30 ) (0;0;0)

0 Shift Sto A

0 Shift Sto B

0 Shift Sto C

+) Bc 2: Nhp cc biu thc ca dy lp:

Nhp biu thc th nht :
0

Alpha

Shift

Sto

2/7

Alpha

3/7

Alpha

3/7

x1(1) 0.428571
Nhp biu thc th 2:
(-)

2/9

Shift Sto

Alpha

A + 0 x Alpha B - 1/9 x Alpha C + 4/9

x2(1) 0.444444
Nhp biu thc th 3
1/8

Alpha

Shift

Sto

1/2

Alpha

Alpha

x3(1) 0.500000
Bc tip theo ta lm li bc 2 nhng phi dng trn b nh D, X, Y.
Nhp biu thc th nht :
0

Alpha

Shift

Sto

x1(2) 0.341270
Nhp biu thc th 2:

2/7

Alpha

3/7

Alpha

3/7

1/2

Bi ging Phng php s dnh cho Khoa C-H Thy Li-V Mnh Ti
(-) 2/9
x
Alpha
D + 0 x Alpha X - 1/9 x Alpha Y + 4/9
Shift Sto

2012-2013

x2(2) 0.293651
Nhp biu thc th 3
1/8

Alpha

Shift

Sto

1/2

Alpha

Alpha

1/2

x3(2) 0.331349
+) i vi my 500 ES hoc 570 ES, tnh tip () ta lm nh sau: n bn phm REPLAY ngc ln 5 ln, sau n phim
(3)
REPLAY sang tri 1 ln v n DEL ri n = th ta c 1 =0.370465
Tng t li N bn phm REPLAY ngc ln 5 ln, sau n phim REPLAY sang tri 1 ln v n DEL ri n = th ta c
(3)
2 =0.331790
C th ta c bng sau:
K

x1( k )

x2( k )

x3( k )

0.428571

0.444444

0.500000

0.341270

0.293651

0.331349

0.370465

0.331790

0.395833

0.353725

0.318137

0.380413

0.356434

0.323571

0.385147

0.355957

0.322443

0.382768

0.356654

0.322813

0.383088

Nghim () = (0.356654; 0.322813; 0.383088)

Ch : MY ES th c b s trn my nn c lm phng php lp n nh hng dn trn. Cn my MS khng

b s nn tnh vi k=3 th ta li quay li bc 2.

III.

Gii gn ng phng trnh vi phn thng trn my tnh in t f(x) 570 ES.
Bi ton Cauchy
= 2 + 2 0 < 1
{
(0) = 0
Vi = 0.1
a. Cng thc Euler:

= ( , ) +
{ +1
0 = (0) = 0
Tc l

Bi ging Phng php s dnh cho Khoa C-H Thy Li-V Mnh Ti

0.1(2

2012-2013

2 )

=
+
+
{ +1
0 = 1
+) Bc 1: Khai bo cng thc +1 = 0.1(2 + 2 ) + : u c ta n Alpha
X; u c ta n Alpha Y.
(Trong qui trnh ny ta dng nh X cha gi tr v nh Y cha gi tr
ca .)
+) Bc 2: Tnh ton ln 1: n CALC, my hi: X?
Khai bo 0 = 0: Bm phm 0 =
My hi tip: Y?
Khai bo: 0 = 1: Bm 1 = s cho kt qu 1 = 1.1
a kt qu vo b nh Y: Shift Sto Y
Sau tr v cng thc nhp: Bm phm REPLAY ngc ln mt ln.
+) Bc 3: Qui trnh: n CALC my hi: X?
Khai bo 1 = 0.1: Bm phm 0.1 =
My hi tip: Y?
Bm = (1 = 1.1 c sn trong nh Y nn khng cn khai bo li) s cho kt qu
2 = 1.222
a kt qu vo b nh Y: Shift Sto Y
Sau tr v cng thc nhp: Bm phm REPLAY ngc ln mt ln.
+) Bc 4: Lp li Qui trnh vi thay i duy nht l khi my hi X? th ta khai bo
cc gi tr tip theo: 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; . ; 1. Ta c bng gi tr sau
n

0.1

1.1

0.2

1.222

0.3

1.3803284

0.4

1.586859049

0.5

1.863671213

0.6

2.246998253

0.7

2.800898367

0.8

3.649401534

0.9

5.062214689

10

1.0

7.724816445

Bi ging Phng php s dnh cho Khoa C-H Thy Li-V Mnh Ti

2012-2013

b. Cng thc Euler ci tin ta cng lm tng t nhng ta dng them b nh th 3.

Cng thc Euler ci tin
+1 = + ( , )

{+1 = + (( , ) + (+1 , +1 ))
2
0 = (0) = 1
Tc l ta c c
2
2
+1 = 0.05 (2 + 2 + +1
+ ( + 0.1(2 + 2 )) ) + ()
+) Bc 1: Khai bo cng thc (*): u c th ta n Alpha X; au c ta n
Alpha Y; u c +1 ta n Alpha A.
(Tc l ta dng nh X lu ; nh Y lu v nh A lu +1 ).
+) Bc 2: Tnh ton ln 1: Bm CALC, my hi: X?
Khai bo 0 = 0: Bm phm 0 =
My hi tip: Y?
Khai bo: 0 = 1: Bm 1 =
My hi tip: A?
Khai bo 1 = 0.1: Bm 0.1 = s cho kt qu 1 = 1.1
a kt qu vo b nh Y: Shift Sto Y
Sau tr v cng thc nhp: Bm phm REPLAY ngc ln mt ln.
+) Bc 3: Qui trnh: n CALC my hi: X?
Khai bo 1 = 0.1: Bm phm 0.1 =
My hi tip: Y?
Bm = (1 = 1.1 c sn trong nh Y nn khng cn khai bo li)
My hi tip: A?
Khai bo 2 = 0.2: Bm 0.2 = s cho kt qu 2 = 1.222
a kt qu vo b nh Y: Shift Sto Y
Sau tr v cng thc nhp: Bm phm REPLAY ngc ln mt ln.
+) Bc 4: Lp li Qui trnh vi thay i duy nht l khi my hi X? A? th ta khai
bo cc gi tr tip theo: 0.2 (0.3); 0.3 (0.4); 0.4 (0.5); . ; 0.9 (1.0) Ta c bng gi
tr sau
n

0.1

1.051

0.2

1.109467678

0.3

1.178909589

0.4

1.26373277

0.5

1.369718589

Bi ging Phng php s dnh cho Khoa C-H Thy Li-V Mnh Ti

IV.

2012-2013

0.6

1.504725574

0.7

1.679805854

0.8

1.911109639

0.9

2.22338971

10

1.0

2.657022002

Tnh gi tr ca hm trn mt on [; ] vi cc bc chia u =

gn ng tch phn

nhm tnh

= ()

Thao tc trn my tnh c chc nng Table, v d my 500ES hoc 570ES.

+) Bc 1: Vo ch Table: Mode 7
f(X)=

(7. TABLE) mn hnh hin

5

+) Bc 2: Nhp biu thc (), v d () = 3 2 trn [; ] = [1; 3] vi = 0.2.

+6
Ta nhp biu thc bng cch u c ta n Alpha X.
+) n = min hnh hin Start? Ta nhp gi tr = 1 n 1 = my hi End? Ta nhp = 3 n
3 =, my hi Step? Ta nhp = 0.2: n 0.2 = my s cho ra bng kt qu vi 11 gi tr ti
cc im = 1; 1.2; ; 3.0 nh sau
i

( )

2.2857

1.2

3.0651

1.4

4.0273

1.6

5.2154

1.8

6.6835

2.0

8.5

2.2

10.75

2.4

13.541

2.6

17.006

Bi ging Phng php s dnh cho Khoa C-H Thy Li-V Mnh Ti

2012-2013

10

2.8

21.312

11

3.0

26.666

y hn ch ch l cho t ch s sau du phy. Ta c th tnh gi tr bng cch nhp

biu thc v dng phm CALC tnh gi tr th s cho kq vi 10 ch s.
5
+) Bc 1: Nhp biu thc () = 3 2 bng cch u c ta n Alpha X.
+6
+) Bc 2: n CALC my hi X? ta nhp 0 = 1 sau n = ta c (1) = 2.285714286
+) n phm REPLAY ngc ln mt ln nhn thy biu thc ta va nhp, sau li thao
tc li bc 2 v khai bo 1 = 1.2 ta c (1.2) = 3.065149808
Ngoi ra ta c th tham kho cc phn mm gii gn ng khc nh Maple, Mathematica, Excel.

Thao tc trn Maple 13

Gii gn ng phng trnh sau bng phng php Newton trn Maple
3 + 4 2 15 = 0
>

Bi ging Phng php s dnh cho Khoa C-H Thy Li-V Mnh Ti

2012-2013

Bng 1. Nghim ca phng trnh () = + = qua pp Newton v gi tr ca () tng ng.

Bi ging Phng php s dnh cho Khoa C-H Thy Li-V Mnh Ti

2012-2013

NI DUNG N THI KIM TRA GIA K

Cu 1 (3,5 im)
+ Sai s tuyt i, sai s tng i, quy trn s v sai s mc phi
+ Tm ch s chc, bi ton ngc ca sai s.
+ Tnh gn ng mt biu thc vi sai s cho trc.
Cu 2 (3,5 im) v Cu 3 (3,0 im) Bao gm ton b chng 2: Gii gn ng mt phng trnh phi
tuyn:
+ Phng php chia i gii gn ng nghim, nh gi sai s mc phi v ngc li i tm gn ng
nghim khi bit sai s.
+ Phng php lp n gii gn ng nghim, nh gi sai s mc phi v ngc li i tm gn ng
nghim khi bit sai s.
+ Phng php Newton (tip tuyn) gii gn ng nghim, nh gi sai s mc phi v ngc li i tm
gn ng nghim khi bit sai s.
+ Phng php dy cung gii gn ng nghim, nh gi sai s mc phi v ngc li i tm gn ng
nghim khi bit sai s
NI DUNG V CU TRC THI
KT THC MN HC
Hnh thc thi: T lun
Thi gian: 60 pht
Cu 1 (3.5 im)

Gii gn ng phng trnh

Gii gn ng h phng trnh i s tuyn tnh
T chn mt v d gii s gn ng mt phng trnh siu vit hoc a thc bng t nht hai phng
php khc nhau v so snh tc hi t nghim.

Cu 2 (3 im)

Tnh gn ng o hm
Tnh gn ng tch phn xc nh
T chn v d tnh gn ng tch phn theo 2 phng php v so snh kt qu.

Cu 3 (3.5 im)

Gii gn ng phng trnh vi phn

Gii gn ng phng trnh o hm ring