D PL - CLASS02 - 14122013

SQL> DESC EMP
Name
Null?
----------------------------------------------------- --------------------------EMPNO
NOT NULL
ENAME
JOB
MGR
HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
DEPTNO
SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
KING
DECLARE
V_ENAME VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
SELECT ENAME INTO V_ENAME FROM EMP
WHERE EMPNO=7839;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(V_ENAME);
END;
/
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> UPDATE EMP
2 SET ENAME='KING KHANS'
3 WHERE EMPNO=7839;
1 row updated.
SQL> COMMIT;
Commit complete.
SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
KING
DECLARE
BEGIN
WHERE EMPNO=7839;
END;
/
KHANS

SQL> SAVE D:\EE
Created file D:\EE.sql
SQL> ALTER TABLE EMP
2 MODIFY ENAME VARCHAR2(15);
Table altered.
Table altered.
SQL> DESC EMP
Type
---------------NUMBER(4)
VARCHAR2(10)
VARCHAR2(9)
NUMBER(4)
DATE
NUMBER(7,2)
NUMBER(7,2)
NUMBER(2)
Name
Null?
----------------------------------------------------- --------------------------EMPNO
NOT NULL
ENAME
JOB
MGR
HIREDATE
SAL
COMM
DEPTNO
SQL>
1
2
3
4
5
6
7*
SQL>
KING
Type
---------------NUMBER(4)
VARCHAR2(20)
VARCHAR2(9)
NUMBER(4)
DATE
NUMBER(7,2)
NUMBER(7,2)
NUMBER(2)
GET D:\EE
DECLARE
BEGIN
WHERE EMPNO=7839;
END;
/
KHANS

SQL> UPDATE EMP
2 SET ENAME='KASHIF MASOOD HASHMI'
3 WHERE EMPNO=7839;
1 row updated.
SQL> COMMIT;
Commit complete.
SQL> GET D:\EE
1 DECLARE
2
3 BEGIN
4
5
WHERE EMPNO=7839;
6
7* END;
SQL> /
DECLARE
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06502: PL/SQL: numeric or value error: character string buffer too small
ORA-06512: at line 4
SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SQL>
DECLARE
V_ENAME SCOTT.EMP.ENAME%TYPE;
BEGIN
WHERE EMPNO=7839;
END;
.
SAVE D:\EE1
Created file D:\EE1.sql

SQL> /
KASHIF MASOOD HASHMI
SQL> UPDATE EMP
2 SET ENAME='KING'
3 WHERE EMPNO=7839;
1 row updated.
Table altered.
SQL> @D:\EE1
KING
SQL>
1
2
3
4
5
6
7*
SQL>
L
DECLARE
V_ENAME SCOTT.EMP.ENAME%TYPE;
BEGIN
WHERE EMPNO=7839;
END;
CL SCR
SQL> CONN HR/HR

Connected.
USER is "HR"
trimspool ON
linesize 100
pagesize 100
long 4000
verify OFF
SQL> DECLARE
2
employee_id
NUMBER(6);
3 BEGIN
4
SELECT employee_id
5
INTO
employee_id
6
FROM
employees
7
WHERE
last_name = 'Kochhar';
8 END;
9 /
SQL> DECLARE
2
employee_id
NUMBER(6) :=100;
3
last_name
varchar2(30);
4 BEGIN
5
SELECT last_name
6
INTO
last_name
7
FROM
employees
8
WHERE
employee_id = employee_id;
9
dbms_output.put_line(last_name);
10 END;
11 /
DECLARE
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01422: exact fetch returns more than requested number of rows
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
USER is "SCOTT"
trimspool ON
linesize 100
pagesize 100
long 4000
verify OFF
SQL> SELECT * FROM DEPT , EMP
2 WHERE DEPTNO=DEPTNO;
WHERE DEPTNO=DEPTNO
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-00918: column ambiguously defined
2 --WHERE DEPTNO=DEPTNO;
DEPTNO DNAME
LOC
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
M
GR HIREDATE
---------- -------------- ------------- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- --------SAL
COMM
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ---------50 FINANCE
AL AIN
7369 SMITH
CLERK
79
02 17-DEC-80
800
20
50 FINANCE
98 20-FEB-81
1600
300
AL AIN
50 FINANCE
98 22-FEB-81
1250
500
AL AIN
50 FINANCE
39 02-APR-81
2975
AL AIN
50 FINANCE
98 28-SEP-81
1250
1400
AL AIN
50 FINANCE
39 01-MAY-81
2850
AL AIN
50 FINANCE
AL AIN
7499 ALLEN
SALESMAN
76
7521 WARD
SALESMAN
76
7566 JONES
MANAGER
78
7654 MARTIN
SALESMAN
76
7698 BLAKE
MANAGER
78
7782 CLARK
MANAGER
78
30
30
20
30
30
39 09-JUN-81
2450
10
50 FINANCE
66 19-APR-87
3000
AL AIN
50 FINANCE
17-NOV-81
5000
AL AIN
50 FINANCE
98 08-SEP-81
1500
0
AL AIN
50 FINANCE
88 23-MAY-87
1100
AL AIN
50 FINANCE
98 03-DEC-81
950
AL AIN
50 FINANCE
66 03-DEC-81
3000
AL AIN
50 FINANCE
82 23-JAN-82
1300
AL AIN
10 ACCOUNTING
02 17-DEC-80
800
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
98 20-FEB-81
1600
300
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
98 22-FEB-81
1250
500
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
39 02-APR-81
2975
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
98 28-SEP-81
1250
1400
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
39 01-MAY-81
2850
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
39 09-JUN-81
2450
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
NEW YORK
7788 SCOTT
ANALYST
75
7839 KING
PRESIDENT
7844 TURNER
SALESMAN
76
7876 ADAMS
CLERK
77
7900 JAMES
CLERK
76
7902 FORD
ANALYST
75
7934 MILLER
CLERK
77
7369 SMITH
CLERK
79
7499 ALLEN
SALESMAN
76
7521 WARD
SALESMAN
76
7566 JONES
MANAGER
78
7654 MARTIN
SALESMAN
76
7698 BLAKE
MANAGER
78
7782 CLARK
MANAGER
78
7788 SCOTT
ANALYST
75
20
10
30
20
30
20
10
20
30
30
20
30
30
10
66 19-APR-87
3000
20
10 ACCOUNTING
17-NOV-81
5000
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
98 08-SEP-81
1500
0
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
88 23-MAY-87
1100
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
98 03-DEC-81
950
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
66 03-DEC-81
3000
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
82 23-JAN-82
1300
NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH
02 17-DEC-80
800
DALLAS
20 RESEARCH
98 20-FEB-81
1600
300
DALLAS
20 RESEARCH
98 22-FEB-81
1250
500
DALLAS
20 RESEARCH
39 02-APR-81
2975
DALLAS
7839 KING
PRESIDENT
7844 TURNER
SALESMAN
76
7876 ADAMS
CLERK
77
7900 JAMES
CLERK
76
7902 FORD
ANALYST
75
7934 MILLER
CLERK
77
7369 SMITH
CLERK
79
7499 ALLEN
SALESMAN
76
7521 WARD
SALESMAN
76
7566 JONES
MANAGER
78
10
30
20
30
20
10
20
30
30
20
DEPTNO DNAME
LOC
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
M
GR HIREDATE
---------- -------------- ------------- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- --------SAL
COMM
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ---------20 RESEARCH
98 28-SEP-81
1250
1400
DALLAS
20 RESEARCH
39 01-MAY-81
2850
DALLAS
20 RESEARCH
39 09-JUN-81
DALLAS
7654 MARTIN
SALESMAN
76
7698 BLAKE
MANAGER
78
7782 CLARK
MANAGER
78
30
30
2450
10
20 RESEARCH
66 19-APR-87
3000
DALLAS
20 RESEARCH
17-NOV-81
5000
DALLAS
20 RESEARCH
98 08-SEP-81
1500
0
DALLAS
20 RESEARCH
88 23-MAY-87
1100
DALLAS
20 RESEARCH
98 03-DEC-81
950
DALLAS
20 RESEARCH
66 03-DEC-81
3000
DALLAS
20 RESEARCH
82 23-JAN-82
1300
DALLAS
30 SALES
02 17-DEC-80
800
CHICAGO
30 SALES
98 20-FEB-81
1600
300
CHICAGO
30 SALES
98 22-FEB-81
1250
500
CHICAGO
30 SALES
39 02-APR-81
2975
CHICAGO
30 SALES
98 28-SEP-81
1250
1400
CHICAGO
30 SALES
39 01-MAY-81
2850
CHICAGO
30 SALES
39 09-JUN-81
2450
CHICAGO
30 SALES
66 19-APR-87
CHICAGO
7788 SCOTT
ANALYST
75
7839 KING
PRESIDENT
7844 TURNER
SALESMAN
76
7876 ADAMS
CLERK
77
7900 JAMES
CLERK
76
7902 FORD
ANALYST
75
7934 MILLER
CLERK
77
7369 SMITH
CLERK
79
7499 ALLEN
SALESMAN
76
7521 WARD
SALESMAN
76
7566 JONES
MANAGER
78
7654 MARTIN
SALESMAN
76
7698 BLAKE
MANAGER
78
7782 CLARK
MANAGER
78
7788 SCOTT
ANALYST
75
20
10
30
20
30
20
10
20
30
30
20
30
30
10
3000
20
30 SALES
17-NOV-81
5000
CHICAGO
30 SALES
98 08-SEP-81
1500
CHICAGO
7839 KING
PRESIDENT
7844 TURNER
SALESMAN
76
7876 ADAMS
CLERK
77
7900 JAMES
CLERK
76
7902 FORD
ANALYST
75
7934 MILLER
CLERK
77
7369 SMITH
CLERK
79
7499 ALLEN
SALESMAN
76
7521 WARD
SALESMAN
76
7566 JONES
MANAGER
78
7654 MARTIN
SALESMAN
76
7698 BLAKE
MANAGER
78
7782 CLARK
MANAGER
78
7788 SCOTT
ANALYST
75
10
30
30 SALES
88 23-MAY-87
1100
CHICAGO
30 SALES
98 03-DEC-81
950
CHICAGO
30 SALES
66 03-DEC-81
3000
CHICAGO
30 SALES
82 23-JAN-82
1300
CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS
02 17-DEC-80
800
BOSTON
40 OPERATIONS
98 20-FEB-81
1600
300
BOSTON
40 OPERATIONS
98 22-FEB-81
1250
500
BOSTON
40 OPERATIONS
39 02-APR-81
2975
BOSTON
40 OPERATIONS
98 28-SEP-81
1250
1400
BOSTON
40 OPERATIONS
39 01-MAY-81
2850
BOSTON
40 OPERATIONS
39 09-JUN-81
2450
BOSTON
40 OPERATIONS
66 19-APR-87
BOSTON
20
30
20
10
20
30
30
20
30
30
10
DEPTNO DNAME
LOC
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
M
GR HIREDATE
---------- -------------- ------------- ---------- ---------- --------- --------
-- --------SAL
COMM
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ---------3000
20
40 OPERATIONS
17-NOV-81
5000
BOSTON
40 OPERATIONS
98 08-SEP-81
1500
0
BOSTON
40 OPERATIONS
88 23-MAY-87
1100
BOSTON
40 OPERATIONS
98 03-DEC-81
950
BOSTON
40 OPERATIONS
66 03-DEC-81
3000
BOSTON
40 OPERATIONS
82 23-JAN-82
1300
BOSTON
7839 KING
PRESIDENT
7844 TURNER
SALESMAN
76
7876 ADAMS
CLERK
77
7900 JAMES
CLERK
76
7902 FORD
ANALYST
75
7934 MILLER
CLERK
77
10
30
20
30
20
10
70 rows selected.
2 WHERE DEPT.DEPTNO=10;
DEPTNO DNAME
LOC
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
M
GR HIREDATE
---------- -------------- ------------- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- --------SAL
COMM
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ---------10 ACCOUNTING
NEW YORK
7369 SMITH
CLERK
79
02 17-DEC-80
800
20
10 ACCOUNTING
98 20-FEB-81
1600
300
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
98 22-FEB-81
1250
500
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
39 02-APR-81
2975
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
98 28-SEP-81
1250
1400
NEW YORK
7499 ALLEN
SALESMAN
76
7521 WARD
SALESMAN
76
7566 JONES
MANAGER
78
7654 MARTIN
SALESMAN
76
30
30
20
30
10 ACCOUNTING
39 01-MAY-81
2850
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
39 09-JUN-81
2450
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
66 19-APR-87
3000
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
17-NOV-81
5000
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
98 08-SEP-81
1500
0
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
88 23-MAY-87
1100
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
98 03-DEC-81
950
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
66 03-DEC-81
3000
NEW YORK
10 ACCOUNTING
82 23-JAN-82
1300
NEW YORK
7698 BLAKE
MANAGER
78
7782 CLARK
MANAGER
78
7788 SCOTT
ANALYST
75
7839 KING
PRESIDENT
7844 TURNER
SALESMAN
76
7876 ADAMS
CLERK
77
7900 JAMES
CLERK
76
7902 FORD
ANALYST
75
7934 MILLER
CLERK
77
30
10
20
10
30
20
30
20
10
14 rows selected.
SQL> CL SCR
SQL> DECLARE
2
employee_id
NUMBER(6) :=100;
3
last_name
varchar2(30);
4 BEGIN
5
SELECT last_name
6
INTO
last_name
7
FROM
employees
8
WHERE
employee_id = employee_id;
9
10 END;
11 .
SQL> CONN HR/HR
Connected.
USER is "HR"
trimspool ON
linesize 100
pagesize 100
long 4000
verify OFF
SQL> DECLARE
2
V_employee_id
NUMBER(6) :=100;
3
last_name
varchar2(30);
4 BEGIN
5
SELECT last_name
6
INTO
last_name
7
FROM
employees
8
WHERE
employee_id = V_employee_id;
9
10 END;
11 /
King
SQL> CONN SCOTT/TIGER
Connected.
USER is "SCOTT"
trimspool ON
linesize 100
pagesize 100
long 4000
verify OFF
SQL> CL SCR
SQL> -- BIND VARIABLE
SQL> VAR B_DEPTNO NUMBER;
SQL> VAR
variable b_deptno
datatype NUMBER
SQL> HELP VAR
VARIABLE
-------Declares a bind variable that can be referenced in PL/SQL, or
lists the current display characteristics for a single variable
or all variables.
VAR[IABLE] [variable [type]]
where type represents one of the following:
NUMBER
CHAR
NCHAR
NCHAR (n)
NVARCHAR2 (n) CLOB
REFCURSOR
BINARY_FLOAT
SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
20
CHAR (n [CHAR|BYTE])
VARCHAR2 (n [CHAR|BYTE])
NCLOB
BINARY_DOUBLE
BEGIN
SELECT DEPTNO INTO :B_DEPTNO
FROM EMP
WHERE EMPNO=7788;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(:B_DEPTNO);
END;
/
SQL> PRINT B_DEPTNO

B_DEPTNO
---------20
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP NATURAL JOIN DEPT
2 WHERE DEPTNO=:B_DEPTNO;
DEPTNO
EMPNO ENAME
JOB
MGR HIREDATE
SAL
COMM DNAME
---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- -------------LOC
------------20
7369 SMITH
CLERK
7902 17-DEC-80
800
RESEARCH
DALLAS
20
RESEARCH
7566 JONES
MANAGER
7839 02-APR-81
2975
7788 SCOTT
ANALYST
7566 19-APR-87
3000
7876 ADAMS
CLERK
7788 23-MAY-87
1100
7902 FORD
ANALYST
7566 03-DEC-81
3000
DALLAS
20
RESEARCH
DALLAS
20
RESEARCH
DALLAS
20
RESEARCH
DALLAS
SQL> CL SCR
SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
BEGIN
SELECT DEPTNO INTO :B_DEPTNO
FROM EMP
WHERE EMPNO=7839;
END;
/

SQL> PRINT B_DEPTNO
B_DEPTNO
---------10
SQL> SHOW AUTOPRINT
autoprint OFF
SQL> SET AUTOPRINT ON
SQL> L
1 BEGIN
2 SELECT DEPTNO INTO :B_DEPTNO
3
4
5*
SQL>
FROM EMP
WHERE EMPNO=7839;
END;
/

B_DEPTNO
---------10
SQL> SET AUTOPRINT OFF
SQL> DECLARE
2 V_ENAME EMP.ENAME%TYPE:=INITCAP('SCOTT');
3 -- V_CNTR NUMBER:=COUNT(EMPNO);
4 BEGIN
5 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(V_ENAME);
6 END;
7 /
Scott
SQL> DECLARE
2 --V_ENAME EMP.ENAME%TYPE:=INITCAP('SCOTT');
3 V_CNTR NUMBER:=COUNT(EMPNO);
4 BEGIN
5 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(V_CNTR);
6 END;
7 /
V_CNTR NUMBER:=COUNT(EMPNO);
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-06550: line 3, column 17:
PLS-00204: function or pseudo-column 'COUNT' may be used inside a SQL statement
only
PL/SQL: Item ignored
PLS-00320: the declaration of the type of this expression is incomplete or malfo
rmed
PL/SQL: Statement ignored
SQL>
SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
14
-- USING GROUP FUNCTIONS

DECLARE
--V_ENAME EMP.ENAME%TYPE:=INITCAP('SCOTT');
V_CNTR NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO V_CNTR FROM EMP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(V_CNTR);
END;
/

SQL> CL SCR
SQL>
2
3
for
4
5
6
7
8
9
62
DECLARE
v_desc_size INTEGER(5);
v_prod_description VARCHAR2(70):='You can use this product with your radios
higher frequency';
BEGIN
-- get the length of the string in prod_description
v_desc_size:= LENGTH(v_prod_description);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(V_DESC_SIZE);
END;
/

SQL> DECLARE
2 --v_desc_size INTEGER(5);
3 --v_prod_description VARCHAR2(70):='You can use this product with your radi
os for higher frequency';
4 V_TENURE NUMBER;
5 BEGIN
6 -- get the length of the string in prod_description
7 --v_desc_size:= LENGTH(v_prod_description);
8 --DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(V_DESC_SIZE);
9 v_tenure:= MONTHS_BETWEEN (SYSDATE, ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE,-2));
10 &D(V_TENURE);
11 END;
12 .
SQL> DECLARE
2 --v_desc_size INTEGER(5);
3 --v_prod_description VARCHAR2(70):='You can use this product with your radi
os for higher frequency';
4 V_TENURE NUMBER;
5 BEGIN
6 -- get the length of the string in prod_description
7 --v_desc_size:= LENGTH(v_prod_description);
8 --DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(V_DESC_SIZE);
9 v_tenure:= TRUNC(MONTHS_BETWEEN (SYSDATE, ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE,-2)),0);
10 &D(V_TENURE);
11 END;
12 /
2
SQL> CLS CR
SP2-0042: unknown command "CLS CR" - rest of line ignored.
SQL> CL SCR
SQL> -- USING OF SEQUENCE BEFORE 11G
SQL> SELECT MAX(EMPNO) FROM EMP;
MAX(EMPNO)
---------7934
SQL>
2
3
4
CREATE SEQUENCE EMP_SEQ

START WITH 7934
INCREMENT BY 1
MAXVALUE 9999
5 CACHE 100
6 NOCYCLE;
Sequence created.
SQL> SELECT EMP_SEQ.NEXTVAL FROM DUAL;
NEXTVAL
---------7934
SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
7935
DECLARE
V_EMPNO NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT EMP_SEQ.NEXTVAL INTO V_EMPNO FROM DUAL;
&D(V_EMPNO);
END;
/

SQL>
SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7936
-- IN 11G
DECLARE
V_EMPNO NUMBER:=EMP_SEQ.NEXTVAL;
BEGIN
&D(V_EMPNO);
END;
/

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> -- IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT CONVERSATION
SQL> DECLARE
2 V_DATE_1 DATE:='14-DEC-13';
3 V_DATE_2 DATE:='FEB,2013-29';
4 BEGIN
5 &D(V_DATE_1||CHR(10)||V_DATE_2);
6 END;
7 /
DECLARE
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01858: a non-numeric character was found where a numeric was expected
SQL> DECLARE
3 V_DATE_2 DATE:=TO_DATE('FEB,2013-29','MON,RRRR-DD');
4 BEGIN
6 END;
7 /
DECLARE
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01839: date not valid for month specified

SQL> DECLARE
3 V_DATE_2 DATE:=TO_DATE('MAR,2013-29','MON,RRRR-DD');
4 BEGIN
6 END;
7 /
14-DEC-13
29-MAR-13
SQL> DECLARE
3 V_DATE_2 DATE:=TO_DATE('MAR,2013-29','MON,RRRR-DD');
4 BEGIN
5 &D(V_DATE_1||CHR(10)||V_DATE_2||CHR(10)||TO_CHAR(V_DATE_1,'MONTH,RRRR DD')
);
6 END;
7 /
14-DEC-13
29-MAR-13
DECEMBER ,2013 14
SQL> CL SCR
SQL> -- NESTED BLOCK
SQL> DECLARE
2 v_outer_variable VARCHAR2(20):='GLOBAL VARIABLE';
3 BEGIN
4
DECLARE
5
v_inner_variable VARCHAR2(20):='LOCAL VARIABLE';
6
BEGIN
7
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_inner_variable);
8
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_outer_variable);
9
END;
10 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_outer_variable);
11 END;
12 /
LOCAL VARIABLE
GLOBAL VARIABLE
GLOBAL VARIABLE
SQL>
SQL>
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-- WHAT HAPPEN IF WE USED INNER VARIABLE AT OUTSIDE

DECLARE
v_outer_variable VARCHAR2(20):='GLOBAL VARIABLE';
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_inner_variable VARCHAR2(20):='LOCAL VARIABLE';
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_outer_variable);
9
END;
10 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_inner_variable);
11 END;
12 /
*
ERROR at line 10:
PLS-00201: identifier 'V_INNER_VARIABLE' must be declared
SQL> CL SCR
SQL> -- VARIABLE STATES
SQL> DECLARE
2 v_father_name VARCHAR2(20):='Patrick';
3 v_date_of_birth DATE:='20-Apr-1972';
4 BEGIN
5
DECLARE
6
v_child_name VARCHAR2(20):='Mike';
7
v_date_of_birth DATE:='12-Dec-2002';
8
BEGIN
9
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Father''s Name: '||v_father_name);
10
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Date of Birth: '||v_date_of_birth);
11
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Child''s Name: '||v_child_name);
12
END;
13 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Date of Birth: '||v_date_of_birth);
14 END;
15 /
Father's Name: Patrick
Date of Birth: 12-DEC-02
Child's Name: Mike
Date of Birth: 20-APR-72
SQL> DECLARE
4 BEGIN
5
DECLARE
6
7
8
BEGIN
9
10
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Father''s Date of Birth: '||v_date_of_birth);
11
12
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Child''s Date of Birth: '||v_date_of_birth);
13
END;
14 END;
15 /
Father's Date of Birth: 12-DEC-02
Child's Name: Mike
Child's Date of Birth: 12-DEC-02
SQL> cl scr
SQL> -- with qualifier
SQL> <<a1>>
2 DECLARE
5 BEGIN
6
DECLARE
7
8
9
BEGIN
10
11
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Father''s Date of Birth: '||a1.v_date_of_birth);
12
13
14
END;
15 END;
16 /
Father's Date of Birth: 20-APR-72
Child's Name: Mike
Child's Date of Birth: 12-DEC-02
SQL> <<a1>>
2 DECLARE
5 BEGIN
6
<<b1>>
7
DECLARE
8
9
10
BEGIN
11
12
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Father''s Date of Birth: '||a1.v_date_of_birth);
13
14
15
END;
16
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Child''s Date of Birth: '||b1.v_date_of_birth);
17 END;
18 /
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Child''s Date of Birth: '||b1.v_date_of_birth);
*
ERROR at line 16:
PLS-00219: label 'B1' reference is out of scope
SQL> cl scr
SQL> BEGIN <<outer>>
2 DECLARE
3
v_sal
NUMBER(7,2) := 60000;
4
v_comm
NUMBER(7,2) := v_sal * 0.20;
5
v_message VARCHAR2(255) := ' eligible for commission';
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_sal
NUMBER(7,2) := 50000;
v_comm
NUMBER(7,2) := 0;
v_total_comp NUMBER(7,2) := v_sal + v_comm;
BEGIN
v_message := 'CLERK not'||v_message;
outer.v_comm := v_sal * 0.30;
END;
v_message := 'SALESMAN'||v_message;
END;
END outer;
/

SQL> BEGIN <<outer>>
2 DECLARE
3
v_sal
NUMBER(7,2) := 60000;
4
v_comm
NUMBER(7,2) := v_sal * 0.20;
5
v_message VARCHAR2(255) := ' eligible for commission';
6 BEGIN
7
DECLARE
8
v_sal
NUMBER(7,2) := 50000;
9
v_comm
NUMBER(7,2) := 0;
10
v_total_comp NUMBER(7,2) := v_sal + v_comm;
11
BEGIN
12
v_message := 'CLERK not'||v_message;
13
outer.v_comm := v_sal * 0.30;
14
END;
15 v_message := 'SALESMAN'||v_message;
16 dbms_output.put_line(v_message);
17 END;
18 END outer;
19 /
SALESMANCLERK not eligible for commission
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SPOOL OFF

D PL - CLASS02 - 14122013

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SQL> DESC EMP

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Created file D:\EE1.sql

SQL> CONN HR/HR

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> PRINT B_DEPTNO

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

-- USING GROUP FUNCTIONS

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

CREATE SEQUENCE EMP_SEQ

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

ORA-01839: date not valid for month specified

-- WHAT HAPPEN IF WE USED INNER VARIABLE AT OUTSIDE

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

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