EDU555

CURRICULUM &
INSTRUCTION

Educational
Emphasis
(Scientific Skills)

Scientific
LogicalSkills
operations of thinking in

investigations. They
are either;
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Basic (Science Process Skills)

Integrated (Manipulative Skills)

Basic Process Skills

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Observing, comparing, classifying, quantifying,

inferring, predicting and communicating.

Integrated Process Skills

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Embodied in experimenting which includes

hypothesizing, controlling variables and
classifying data.

Basic Process
Skills
Science Process Skills
(SPS)

1. OBSERVING
most basic and fundamental of the
process skills. One cannot compare,
classify or perform the other process
skills without being a good observer.
We observe objects or events
through our five senses: sight,
smell, touch, taste and hearing.
Example: Describing a pencil as
yellow

The Process of
observing can be:
0 Qualitative this is identifying and

naming the properties of an object

such as its shape, color, size, texture,
smell, and sound.
0 Quantitative This kind of
observation
involves measurement.
0 Change it could be the result of
crushing, pounding, burning,
cutting, decaying, etc.

2. COMPARING
Comparing is using
observable
properties in
discovering
similarities of and
differences between
objects and
phenomena.
Through comparison,
we are able to
identify relationships
among objects and
phenomena
observed.

3. CLASSIFYING
There is an overwhelming number of
things around us nonliving and living
things. Order can be attained by
observing similarities, differences and
interrelationships and by grouping them
accordingly to suit some purpose.
Example: Placing all rocks having certain grain size
or hardness into one group.

4. INFERRING
While observing is getting information by
using one or more senses, inferring is
explaining or interpreting an
observation.
Example: Saying that the person who used a
pencil made a lot of mistakes because the eraser
was well worn.

5.
PREDICTING
Predicting
is the process of using past
observations or data along with other kinds of
scientific knowledge to forecast event or
relationships. A statement not based on
observation is not a prediction. It is simply a
guess.
Interpolation is predicting new data based on and within a
trend/ pattern of previously observed data.

Extrapolation - is predicting new data outside or beyond the

range of previously
observed data.

6.
QUANTIFYING

Quantifying is making and manipulating quantitative

observations.
This involves:
1.Using numbers
2.measuring
3.using time and space

Example: Using a meter stick to measure the length

of a table in centimeters.

7. COMMUNICATING
Expressing ideas in many forms, such as orally,
in writing or with graphs, diagrams, tables of
data or photographs is a
way of
communicating.
Example: Describing the change in height of a plant over
time in writing or through a graph.

Integrated Process
SkillsManipulative
Skills

MANIPULATIVE SKILLS
These skills involve
using
equipment and
materials properly
and accurately,
preparing setups for
investigation, and
handling specimen
carefully.

THANK
YOU