SEMBODAI RUKMANI VARATHARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SEMBODAI 614809.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CE 2045 PREFABRICATED STRUCTURES
Prepared By,
K.KESAVAN,
AP/CIVIL/SRVEC

UNIT-III: DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Disuniting of structures,
Design of cross section based on efficiency of
material used
Problems in design because of joint flexibility,
Allowance for joint deformation.

DISUNITING OF STRUCTURES
Definitions:
The solution of problem connected with the transportation and
placing of structures into smaller members.
Based on function:
System consisting of linear member disunited at joints
System for prefabricates of entire rigid frame
System consisting of I,T,U of straight members disunited at
points of minimum moment.
Two hinged and three hinged arches

1.System consisting of linear member disunited at

joints:

System consisting of linear member disunited at

joints:
Advantage:
Disuniting at joints gives linear member. This means that a
great advantage and facilitates From the view point
manufacture and assembly.
Disadvantage:
Joints are at corners i.e. at points of maximum moment
values, so forming the joint is difficult.
Joints must be over dimensioned to cope with in -situ
concreting. And one alternate solution to replace moment
resistant joints by hinged connection.

2.System for prefabricates of entire rigid frame:

2.System for prefabricates of entire rigid frame:

In this system, to reduce the no of joints and to precast larger
numbers I one piece leads to the prefabrication of entire frame.
Production of the frames does not cause any particular trouble
but the hoisting is more difficult and requires careful
preparation.
The stress distribution of straight members during hoisting is in
general statistically determinate.
Advantage:
It is ideal for site prefabrication.
Small number of joints so rapid prefabrication work is
possible.
Suitable for long walls consisting of great number of uniform
frames.

3.System consisting of I,T,U of straight members

disunited at points of minimum moment:

Another method of disuniting of structures is by division into

different membranes at points where the moments are thin or
smallest. This method is called as lambda method. Using this
method hinge joints are made.

3.System consisting of I,T,U of straight members

disunited at points of minimum moment:

3.System consisting of I,T,U of straight members

disunited at points of minimum moment:
Advantage:
Functions are made at points of minimum moments or at
points of contra flexure.
Disuniting the main girder in this manner makes the
application of different skylights possible.
Disadvantage:
Hosting and temperature bracing of L joined asymmetric
frame members is particularly complicated.
Temperature resting of frame member on each other
necessitates the use of cantilevers having half depth and
proper forming of this cause difficulty.

4.Two hinged and three hinged arches:

4.Two hinged and three hinged arches:

Arched structures are normally two hinged and three hinged
arches. Arched structures are normally used for bridging span
more than 20-25m. Their production and placing is more difficult
than straight members. Arch can be two hinged and three hinged
but they can also be fixed at footings and can be constructed with
or without tie.
These members are generally precast and assembled in statistically
determinant three hinged variance and middle hinge is only
eliminated after placing is finished. The reinforcing bars
protruding both sides are welded together and the joint between
the members is filled in with in-situ concrete.
Arch structure can be precast in either vertical or horizontal
positions. In the first case, shuttering made of timber or concrete is
required having the same curvature s the arch itself. The
prefabrication of larger arches in the horizontal position is found
to be more economical The construction of arch trusses can be
properly carried out in the horizontal position only.

DIMENSIONING OF JOINTS:

The steel bars & In-situ-concrete for joints cannot quality of precast
structures.Because some codal provisions of RC is Available.
Not justified in certain cases; when column-footing joining.
MNOSZ 15022 of 1952 Dimensioning of RC structures.
Design of joints the neccessity for the reduction of the limit stress depends
on the designer judgement.
To avoid tensioned steel bars.To take steel bars in 80 % of C/S area.
Lengthening itself should be carried out by welding & Overlapping.
Overlapping is not to be permitted in suspension members & tie roads.
The most suitable weld in lenhthening in an Arc-weld.It have Four welds &
2 laps. Tle length of lap = 2x3.5 = 7d, diameter 0.7 d.

Lap joint

Weld joint

JOINT & CONNECTIONS:

In precast connection design, apart from strength requirement other

consideration such as ease of manufacure, erection and tolerance for
work efficiency.

All joint connections can be designed in adequacy for its performance.

Physical assembly during site erection will determine joint design is

practical.

Accessibility & Sufficient tolerance for site jointing works are key to
success in practical design.

All joints to consider durable,tightness, fire & aesthetic.

TYPE OF JOINT:
Compressive joint
Tensile joint
Shear joint
Flexural and torsion joint
Compressive joint:
Use direct with mortar.
Tensile joint:
Use of steel splice connection,welding,lapping & Grout.
Shear joint:
Transmit of low shear force, performed shear key (Grouting
cementing materials under compression)
For high shear force, use of welded plate or shear friction design in
composite concrete.Other than bolt connection.
Flexural & Torsion joint:
Moment joint connection can be achieved with force coupling splice,
bolt,weld & composite joint casting with bars.

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