Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
(a)
Let u be the eigenvector of
Then, the eigenvalue of
Ann
a k A k a k 1 A k 1 a1 A a 0 I
where
a k , a k 1 , , a1 , a 0
[proof:]
A k a k 1 A k 1 a1 A a 0 I u a k A k u a k 1 A k 1u a1 Au a 0 u
a k k u a k 1k 1u a1u a 0 u
a k k a k 1k 1 a1 a 0 u
since
A j u A j 1 Au A j 1u A j 1u A j 2 Au 2 A j 2 u j 1 Au j u .
Example:
1
A
9
4
,
1
100
4 5 12 2 5100 32
2 7
100
4 7 12 2 7100 16 .
and
Example:
Let be the eigenvalue of A. Then, we denote
A 2 A3
An
eA I A
2! 3!
n!
i 0
i!
2
3
n
.
e 1 i 0
2! 3!
n!
i!
Note:
[proof:]
A 1u A 1 (u )
1
1
1
1
A 1 Au I u u .
(b)
Let 1 , 2 , , n be the eigenvalues of A ( 1 , 2 , , n are not necessary
to be distinct). Then,
n
i 1
tr ( A) and
i 1
det( A) A .
[proof:]
f ( ) det(I A) 1 2 n .
Thus,
1 12 n 1
n
i 1
Therefore,
n
det( A) i .
i 1
a11
a 21
f ( )
a n1
a12
a 22
an2
a1n
a2n
a nn
n
n 1
n
a
ii
i 1
i 1
n
n
n1
n
i ,
i 1
i 1
f ( ) 1 2 n n
therefore,
n
i 1
i 1
i aii tr ( A) .
Example:
0
A 2
0
2
0 [aij ] ,
5
1
3
4
and
1 2 3 1 1 6 6 det( A) 16 10 .