Simplification

The Karnaugh Map

Karnaugh Map

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CD
AB 00
00
01
11
10

01

11

10 AB CD00

m0

m2

m6

m4

m8

m10

m14

m12

m24

m26

m30

m28

m16

m18

m22

m20

01

11

10

00

m1

m2

m7

m8

01

m9

m11

m15

m13

m25

m27

m31

m29

m17

m19

m23

m21

11
10

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Five Variable K-Map

F(A,B,C,D,E) =
(0,1,2,3,4,5,10,11,13,14,15,16,20,21,24,25,26, 29,30,31)
CD
CD
00
01
11
10
01
11
AB
AB 00

01
11

m8

10 1

m0

m24
m16

1
1
1

m6

m2
m10
m26

1
1

m18

m14

m4
m12

01
11

m30
m22

m28

m20

fE = BDE+ BDE+ACDE+
ABCE+ACDE

00 1

10

m1

m9

m3
m11

m25

m27

m17

m19

1
1

m7 1

m5

m13

m15
m31
m23

1
1

fE = CDE+BCE+ABDE+
ABCE+ACDE

m29
m21
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00 1

10

Further Simplification

fE

= BDE+ BDE+ACDE+ABCE+ACDE

fE

= CDE+BCE+ABDE+ABCE+ ACDE

= CDE+BCE+ABDE+ABCE+ ACDE+BDE+
BDE+ACDE+ ABCE +ACDE
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f = CDE+BCE+ABDE+ABCE+ACDE+BDE+
BDE+ACDE+ ABCE + ACDE

f = CDE+BCE+ABDE+BDE+BDE+ ACDE+ ABC+

ACD

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Further Simplification

Map Entered Variable K-Map

2 =m
n

Minterms, Maxterms, dont

cares

Can be compressed

Minterms, Maxterms, dont

cares, variables, exp

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MEV

Normal

F(A,B,C) = (0,1,4,5,7)
01

m0
m4

11
m1
m5

F = B+AC

10
m3

m2

m7

m6

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BC 00

MEV

STD

O/P

0 +C

0+C

1+C

1+C

2+C

2+C

3+C

3+C

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How to use MEVs C MEV

Rules

MEV & MEV = 0

MEV & MEV = 1

MEV = 1 & MEV = 0

MEV

MEV = 0 & MEV = 1

MEV
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KMAP

MEV

10

MEV

O/P

C
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How to use MEVs

11

2 Variable MEV K-Map

0 1
1 1

m0
m2

F = B+AC

0
C

m1
m3
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PI
B
AC

12

MEV

STD

O/P

MEV

STD

O/P

10

11

12

13

14

15

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F(A,B,C,D) = (2,4,5,10,11,14) +
d(7,8,9,12,13,15)

13

Rules

MEV & MEV = 0

MEV & MEV = 1

MEV = 1 & MEV = 0

MEV

MEV = 0 & MEV = 1

MEV

MEV & MEV = X

MEV = 0 & MEV = X

MEV = X & MEV =0

MEV = 1 & MEV =X

MEV = X & MEV = 1

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KMAP

MEV

14

MEV

O/P

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How to use MEVs

15

0
1

01

m0

Xm

11

D m 0
1

m5

10
m3
m7

F = A+BC+BCD

1
X

m2
m6

PI
A
BC
BCD

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BC 00

16

ME
V

STD O/P

ME
V

STD O/P

ME
V

STD O/P

ME
V

STD O/P

16

12

24

17

12

25

10

18

13

26

11

19

13

27

12

10

20

14

28

13

10

21

14

29

14

11

22

15

30

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F(A,B,C,D,E) =(3,7,11,12,13,14,15,16,18) +
d(24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31)

15

11

23

15

31

17

MEV

O/P

MEV

O/P

10

11

12

13

14

15

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How to use MEVs

18

4- Variable K Map
01

00

01

11

m12

10

m8

m0
m4

E
E

m1
m5

11

E
1

X
m13
m9

m3
m7
m15
m11

F = BC+ADE+ACE

10

0
1
X
0

m2
m6

PI
BC
ADE
ACE

m14
m10

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AB

CD 00

19

Combinational Logic

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Analysis & Design

20

Design Example 1

Motor can be turned ON/OFF from 3 separate locations

3 Switches
1 ON
0 OFF

1 Switch On Motor On
2 Switches On Motor Of
3 Switches On Motor On

Motor On low input

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21

Design Example

Temp exceeds set pt switch of motor

Temp Sensor o/p Low > set point

Turn On Alarm

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Alarm Light On Low

22