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INITIAL PROJECT ON RESISTIVITY OF
ADJACENT SIDEWALKS
IEEE STD 80 SUGGESTS VALUES BETWEEN
30 AND 100 -M FOR WET CONCRETE
THIS SURFACE MATERIAL RESISTIVITY
RESULTS IN EXTREMELY LOW TOLERABLE
TOUCH ANS STEP VOLTAGES
THE ISSUES
HOW WET IS WET?
DOES THE CONCRETE WICK ENOUGH
CONCRETE RESISTIVITY
Seven slabs and eleven cylinders poured from same
CONCRETE RESISTIVITY
Cylinder
A
B
C
D
DIMENSIONS
ELECTRODE PLACEMENT
152mm diameter
229mm high
(6in diameter
9in high)
NA
I
J
K
152mm diameter
229mm high
(6in diameter
9in high)
NA
RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS
VOLUME RESISTIVITY METHOD
R A/ L
RESISTANCE FILM
4-PIN METHOD
MEASURING RESISTIVITY
CONTROLLING MOISTURE
SLABS AND CYLINDERS CURED FOR 158
CONCLUSIONS ON RESISTIVITY
THOROUGHLY WET CONCRETE (AFTER
0.91m
1.83m
0.91m
0.91m
1.83m3
m
Ground Grid
- 4/0 bare copper
- Buried 0.457m deep
0.91m
1.83m
- exothermic connections
Slab 1
Slab 2
1.83m x 1.83m x
0.254m
1.83m x 1.83m x
0.254m
No reinforcement
Rebars
All Slabs
- 27 580kpa
- ~ 19mm gravel
0.91m
0.91m
Slab 3
1.83m
0.91m
1.83m x 1.83m x
0.254m
Wire mesh
Soil 1
Slab 4
1.83m x 1.83m x
0.254m
No reinforcement
0.91m
Pad-1
1.24
1.24
Pad-2Pad
V11
BC1
V21
V12
1.5
1.5
BC2
V13
V22
V23
V14
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
9resistivity
pins to measure
concrete
at 2, 4, 8
resistivity at 2, 4, 8 and
12
and spacing
12 spacing
2
2@@
V24
V15
V25
1.5
1.5
4 @@
4
1.24
8
8
11
Soil 1
Pad 3
2.7
VC5
V35
VC4
V34
BC3
Pad-4
VC3
V33
Pad 4
Soil-1
BC5
BC4
VC2
V32
VC1
V31
2.7
2.7
3 3
VS1
Soil 2
BC6
VS2
VS3
VS4
VS5
Each
Each 1
1 spacing
spacing
threaded anchors.
Iexp measured across 1000 resistor as a
voltage.
GRIDS WITH REINFORCEMENT MEASURED
WITH AND WITHOUT GRID CONNECTION
Vtoc
or Vtcc
1000
C1
Vtoc or Vtcc
Vtoc
R b=
Iexp
C2
Iexp
C3
1000
Rcontact
Rthev
Ifault
Rmutual
Igrid
C2/C3
Vtoc Vtcc
1000
Vtcc
SOIL MODEL:
UPPER =195 -M
UPPER =1244 -M
H=26 ft
NOTE: WET CONCRETE
NEARLY SAME AS UPPER
LAYER SOIL
LOW
WOULD GET BETTER AGREEMENT WITH s = 200 -M
(42V)
(42V)
ACTUAL FOOT RESISTANCE FACTOR IS 1.64, NOT 1.5
TOTAL EQUIVALENT BODY CIRCUIT RESISTANCE IS 34.3%
LOW
7% LOW
WOULD GET OK AGREEMENT WITH s = 200 -M (42V)
CONCLUSIONS
REASONABLY CONSERVATIVE VALUE FOR WET