Mini 10s 2mark 2015

10 mwptpay;
2 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;
ntw;wpf;F top
,uz;L kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;

muRj;Nju;tpy; Nfl;fg;glf;$ba ,uz;L kjpg;ngz; Gj;jf tpdh tpilfis ,g;gFjpapy; nfhLj;Js;Nshk;.
,e;jg; gFjpapy; 32 tpdhf;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;L mjpy; 20 tpdhf;fs; kl;LNk vOj Ntz;bapUg;gjhy; rw;W
jpl;lkpl;L gbAq;fs; 1> 5> 6> 8> 16> 17 Mfpa 6 ghlq;fspy; jyh 3 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLfpd;wd. 9> 11> 12> 15
Mfpa ghlq;fspy; jyh 2 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;iw ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; 36 Kjy; 40
kjpg;ngz;fs; tiu ngwyhk;. jpwDs;s khztu;fs; Gj;jfj;jpy; ghlj;jpypUe;J ePq;fshfNt ,d;Dk; rpy
tpdhf;fis nrhe;jkhf jahupj;J itj;Jf;nfhz;L gbAq;fs;. nky;yf;fw;Fk; khztu;fs; 1> 5> 6> 8> 9> 11> 12>
15> 16> 17 Mfpa 10 ghlq;fspy; cs;s tpdhf;fis kl;Lk; gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf
];lhu;
Fwpapl;l tpdhf;fis ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
capupay;
1. kuGk; gupzhkKk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-3)
1.
2.
nkz;ly; jd; Ma;tpy; Njhl;lg; gl;lhzpr; nrbapd; cauk; vd;wg; gz;gpid Xq;Fg; gz;ghf
,Ug;gijf; fz;lwpe;jhh;.
mNjNghy> ehtpid cUisahf cUsr; nra;jy; kdpjhpy; Xq;Fg;
gz;ghFk;. 60 khzth;fs; cs;s xUFOtpy; 45 khzth;fs; ehtpid cUsr; nra;a KbAk;, 15
khzth;fs; ,t;thW nra;a ,ayhjth;fs;. Nkw;$wpa #o;epiyapy;, ,e;jg; gz;gpd; Xq;F kw;Wk;
xLq;Fg; gz;gpd; tpfpjq;fisf; fhz;f.
ehtpid cUsr; nra;Nthu; : ehtpid cUsr; nra;a ,ayhNjhu;
= 45 : 15 = 3 : 1
Xq;F kw;Wk; xLq;F gz;G tpfpjk; = 3 : 1
flj;jf; $ba gz;Gfs; jd; rpw;wpdj;jpw;Fs;Sk;, Nghpdj;jpw;Fs;Sk; khWgLk;. fPo;fhZk; gz;Gfs;
vj;jifa khWghLfs; nfhz;Ls;sd vdf; Fwpg;gpLf. (khu;r;-2013> [{d;-12> Vg;-14)
m) kdpjf; fz;zpd; epwk; ePyk;, fWg;G, gOg;G, gr;ir vd khWgLfpwJ. ,t;tif khWghL vdg;gLk;.
M) Kay;, ahid Nghd;wtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk; gy; mikg;G khWgl;Ls;sJ. ,t;tif khWghL .. vdg;gLk;.
3.
4.
5.
m) rpw;wpd caphpfSf;fpilNa fhzg;gLk; NtWghL

M) Nghpdq;fSf;fpilNa fhzg;gLk; NtWghL
,Ughy; caphpfspilNa Njhd;Wk; mjd; jiyKiw, Fwpg;gpl;l jd;ikAila ed;Fj; njhpaf;$ba
NtWghLfSld; ,Uf;Fk;. ghypyh ,dg;ngUf;f Kiwapy; cUthFk; jiyKiwfs; Fiwe;j
msNt khWghl;Lld; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. m) Nkw;$wpa $w;iw Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwPHfsh? M)
fPo;f;fhZk; caphpfspy; ghypyh ,dg;ngUf;f Kiwapy; ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;Ak; caphp vJ?
(fug;ghd; G+r;rp, A+f;spdh, kz;GO, gwit)
m) Mk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwd;
M) a+f;spdh
ghuk;ghpak; rhh;e;j rpy Kf;fpa nrhw;; Fwpg;Gfs; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;Ws;
rhpahdtw;iwj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf. ([{d; 2013) m) fhuzpfs; ,aw;gpay; rhh;e;j ghuk;ghpaf;
fhuzpfs; MFk;. M) vd;gJ xNu [Pdpd; khw;Wj; jd;ikahFk;.
,).vd;gJ my;ypy;fSila
vjph;gz;gikg;G MFk;. (my;ypy;, khWghLfs;, rpw;wpdkhjy;, [Pd;, my;yPNyh khH/Gfs;)
m) [Pd; M) my;yPy;
,) my;yPNyh khh;/Gfs;
clw;nry;fspy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; mLj;j jiyKiwfSf;Ff; flj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. ,dr; nry;ypy;
Vw;gLk; khWghL mLj;jj; jiyKiwf;Ff; flj;jg;gLtjhFk;.
`PNuh\pkh mZf;Fz;L tPr;rpd;
fjphpaf;fk; jiyKiw, jiyKiwahff; flj;jg;gLfpwJ. Nkw;$wpa $w;iwg; gFj;jha;e;J , ePq;fs;
njhpe;Jf; nfhz;lij vOJf.
`pNuh\pkh mZFz;L tPr;rpy; fjphpaf;fj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngw;Nwhh;fspd; ,dr; nry;fs;
ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy; mLj;jLj;j jiy KiwfspYk;; me;j ghjpg;Gfs; njhlu;fpwJ.
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10 mwptpay;
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
ntw;wpf;F top
Mjp kdpjd; Kjy; jw;fhy kdpjd; tiu nfhLf;fg;gl;l kdpj ,dq;fis thpirg; gLj;jTk;.
(epahd;lh;jhy; kdpjd;, N`hNkh n`gpyp];, N`hNkh vuf;;l];, N`hNkh nrgpad;) (nrg;2013> [_d;2014)
N`hNkhn`gpyp]; N`hNkh Vuf;l;l]; epahd;lh;jhy; kdpjd; N`hNkhnrgpad;
caphp njhopy;El;gtpay;, caphpaypd; etPd mwptpayhFk;.
,jd; mbg;gil njhopw;El;g
cjtpahy; gy;NtWgl;l nghUl;fs; cw;gj;jpr; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.
fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;ltw;wpy;;
vf;FO caphpj; njhopy;El;g Kiwapy; cUthf;fg;gLtjpy;iy fz;lwpe;J fhuzk; $Wf:
m) nehjpfs;, fhpk mkpyq;fs;, ];buha;Lfs;, jLg;G+rpfs; M) jLg;G+rpfs;, nehjpfs;,
vjph;capu;nghUl;fs;, fdpk mkpyq;fs; ,) vjph; caphpg; nghUl;fs;, `hh;Nkhd;fs;, ];buha;Lfs;,
jLg;G+rpfs; <) ];buha;Lfs;, nehjpfs;, vjph;nghUl;fs;, jLg;G+rpfs;
nghUe;jhjJ: jLg;G+rpfs;, nehjpfs;, vjph;nghUl;fs;, fdpk mkpyq;fs;
fhuzk;: ,f;FOtpy; fdpk mkpyq;fis capupj;njhopy; El;gj;jhy; jahupf;f ,ayhJ.
Xh; caphpapd; Gwj;Njhw;wg; gz;G(gPNdhilg;) kw;Wk; [Pdhf;fg; gz;G([PNdhilg;) gw;wp ePtph;
fUJtJ vd;d? tpsf;Ff?
Gwj;Njhw;wg; gz;G:; ntspg;gilahf njhpAk; gz;Gfs; v.fh. nel;il Fl;il
[Pdhf;fg; gz;G : Gwj;Njhw;wg; gz;GfSf;Ff; fhuzkhd [Pd; mikg;G
NtWghLfs; vd;why; vd;d? mjd; tiffs; ahit?
xNur;
rpw;wpdj;ijj;
rhh;e;j
capdq;fSf;fpilNaahd
gz;Gfspd;
khWghLfs;
NtWghLfs; vdg;gLk;. tiffs; : 1. cly; nry; NtWghLfs;
2. ,d nry; NtWghLfs;
,aw;ifj; Njh;T nfhs;ifia ntspapl;lth; ahh;? mjd; ,uz;L Nfhl;ghLfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
rhh;y]; lhh;tpd;:
1) caphpdq;fspd; tho;tpaYf;fhd Nghuhl;;lj;jpy; ntw;wp ngWgitNa epiy epWj;jg;gLk;.
2) kugpay; khw;wq;fspy; Njhd;Wk; NtWghLfNs ghpzhkj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
khNdhFNshdy; vjph;g;Gg;nghUs;fs; vd;why; vd;d? mjd; gad; ahJ?
1) Xhpd nry; vjph;g;G nghUl;fshFk;.
2) ,it Gw;WNeha;f;F vjpuhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
FNshd; vd;why; vd;d? fhy;eil mwptpaypy; FNshdpq; El;gk; vt;thW gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;fpwJ?
1); mikg;gpYk; kuGg; gz;GfspYk; xj;j xU caphpdj;ij cUthf;Fk; njhopy; El;gNk
FNshd; MFk;.
2) FNshdpq; nray; El;gj;ij fhy;eil mwptpaypy; gad;gLj;jp gaDs;s tpyq;Ffspd;
efy;fis tpUk;gj;jf;f Kjph;e;j nry;fspd; %yk; FNshdpq; nra;J ngwKbAk;.
eha;fspd; Fiwf;Fk; gz;G mikjpahd gz;gpw;F Xq;F jd;ikAilaJ. Gd;dl;
fl;lj;ijg;
gad;gLj;jp(Rr) [PNdhilg; nfhz;l ,U Fiuf;Fk; eha;fs; %yk; gpwf;f tha;g;Gs;s
eha;f;Fl;bfspd; gz;Gfisf; $Wf?
Fiwf;Fk; gz;gpid Xq;F gz;ghf nfhz;l eha;fspd; [PNdhilg; Rr
Rr x Rr fyg;Gf;fhd Gd;dl; fl;lk;:
vdNt Rr [PNdhilg; nfhz;l eha;fspd;
re;jjpfspy;
Fiuf;Fk; Fiuf;fhj eha;f;Fl;bfspd;
tpfpjk; 3 : 1
14.
15.
lhf;lh; Iahd; ypy;kl; mth;fspd; FNshdpq; Ma;tpd; %yk; cUthd lhyp Ml;Lf;Fl;b ghy;kb
nry;
ngwg;gl;l
lhh;nrl;
nts;isahl;il
xj;jpUf;Fkh?
my;yJ
tsh;g;Gj;
jhahd
nrk;kwpahl;bid xj;jpUf;Fkh? fhuzk; $Wf?
lhh;nrl; nts;isahl;ilNa xj;jpUf;Fk;
fhuzk;. lhh;nrl; Ml;bd; FNuhNkhNrhk;fisf; nfhz;l cl;fUNt FNshdpq; Kiwf;F
gad;gl;bUg;gjhy; lhh;nrl; Ml;bd; gz;G eyd;fNs lhyp Ml;Lf;Fl;bf;Fk; ,Uf;Fk;.
G+r;rpf;nfhy;yp
kUe;Jfspd; mjpfg; gad;ghl;bd; fhuzkhfg; G+r;rpfs; moptij tpl me;j
kUe;jpw;F vjph;g;Gj;jd;ik nfhz;l Gjpa ,dkhf mit cUthfpwJ. ,jid lhh;tpdpd; ,aw;if
Njh;Tf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk; ghpzhkj;NjhL vt;thW njhlh;GgLj;JtPh;fs;?
caphpdq;fspd; tho;tpaYf;fhd Nghuhl;;lj;jpy; ntw;wp ngWgitNa epiy epWj;jg;gLk;
,J ,aw;f;if Njh;T Nfhl;ghL G+r;rpkUe;Jf;F jg;gpgpiof;Fk; G+r;rpfNs epiyepWj;jg;gLk;. mjpf
vjph;g;Gj;jpwd; nfhz;l Gjpa ,dk; cUthFk;. ,J Nghd;w khw;wq;fNs gupzhkj;jpw;F
mbg;gilahf mikfpd;wd.
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10 mwptpay;
16.
17.
ntw;wpf;F top
Kjy; kUj;jthPjpahd [Pd; rpfpr;ir 1990k; Mz;L mbNdhird; b mikNd]; Fiwghl;L

NehAila ehd;F taJ rpWkpf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,Nj Nghd;W [Pd; rpfpr;ir Kiwapy; %yk;
epue;jukhd jPh;T fhzg;gLk; rpfpr;ir Kiw gw;wpAk; mjd; tiffs; gw;wpAk; cq;fshy; $w
KbAkh?
1) ePupopT Neha;f;F [Pd; rpfpr;ir Kiwapy; jPu;T fhz KbAk;. ePupopT Neha;f;Ff; fhuzkhd
[Pid rhpnra;jy; %yk; my;yJ Gjpa [Pid GFj;Jjy; %yk; ,e;Nehia Fzg;gLj;jyhk;.
2) tiffs;: 1) ghjpg;gile;j cly; nry;fspd; [Pd;fis rupnra;tJ cly; nry; kugZ kUj;Jtk;.
2) ghjpg;gile;jtupd; ,dnry;fspd; [Pd;fis rupnra;tJ ,dnry; kugZ kUj;Jtk;.
nghUe;jhj ,izfis fz;lwpf:
ep/g;[Pd;
iel;u[d; epiyepWj;jk;
my;yPy;fs;
tt
caphpr;rpg;Gfs;
caphpfzg;nghwpfis cUthf;F
,z;lh;nguhd;fs;
ghf;Bhpah vjph;g;Gg; Gujk;
];nlk;nry; (%yr;nry;)
khWghL milahj nry; F*kk;
nghUe;jhj ,iz ,z;lu;nguhd;fs;; - ghf;Bupah vjpu;g;Gg; Gujk;
18.
lhf;lh; Iahd; tpy;kl; jdJ Ma;tpw;fhf MW taJila gp/d;lhh;nrl; nts;is nrk;kwpahgl;bd;

ghy;kb nry;ypd; cl;fUit (2n) gjg;gLj;jp gad;gLj;jpdh;. mth; kw;nwhU Ml;by; ,Ue;J xU
mz;l nry;ypid Nrfhpj;jhh;. ,jpypUe;J xw;iwikia (n) cl;fUit ePf;fpdhh;. cl;fU
ePl;lg;gl;l mz;l nry;ypDs; kbnry;ypy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;l ,ul;ilika cl;fUit
nrYj;jpdhh;. gpd;G ,ul;ilika mz;l nry; tsh;g;Gj; jhahd nrk;kwp Ml;bd; fUg;igapy;
gjpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,ul;il ika mz;l nry;ypy; ,Ue;J tsh;e;j ,sk; caphp lhyp vd
miof;fg;gl;lJ. m) lhf;lh; Iahd; tpy;kl; Vd; kbnry;ypidj; Njh;e;njLj;jhh;? M) tiuaW :
N`g;sha;L bg;sha;L.
m) nghJthf xw;iwka (n) FNuhNkhNrhk;fisf; nfhz;l cl;fUf;fNs ghypdg;ngUf;fj;jpy;
<LgLfpd;wd. ,ul;ilka (2n) jd;ikiaf; nfhz;l cly;nry;fspypUe;J caphpdq;fis
cUthf;f KbAk; vd;gij epUgpf;f Ntz;Lk;. nry;fis ghy;kbapypUe;J Ml;Lf;F
Nrjhuk; ,y;yhky; vLg;gJ Rygk;. vdNt Iahd; tpy;kl; mt;thW nra;jpUf;fyhk;.
M) N`g;yha;L xw;iwka nry;fs; v.fh: ,dnry;fs;
bg;sha;L ,ul;ilka nry;fs;
v.fh: cly; nry;fs;
19.
fPo;fz;ltw;Ws; jFe;j ,izfisg; nghUj;Jf: (kUe;Jfs;> vhpnghUs;> Ez;Zaphp> tsh;rpij
khw;wk;> fhpk mkpyq;fs;) m) jLg;G kUe;J
M)
,aw;if
thA
,)
rpl;hpf;
mkpyk;
<) khNdhFNshdy; vjph;g;Gg;nghUs;fs; c) itl;lkpd;fs;
m) jLg;G kUe;J
Ez;Zaphp (vjpu;g;Gg; nghUs;)
M) ,aw;if thA
vhpnghUs;
,) rpl;hpf; mkpyk;
fhpk mkpyk;
<) khNdhFNshdy; vjph;g;GnghUs;
kUe;Jfs; (Gw;WNeha; vjpu;g;Gg;nghUs;)
c) itl;lkpd;
tsh;r;rpij khw;wk;
20. Njhl;lg; gl;lhzpr; nrbapy; nkz;lypdhy; fz;lwpag;gl;l tpij> kyhpd; Xq;F gz;GfisAk;
xLq;F gz;GfisAk; Fwpg;gpLf?
tpij : Xq;F gz;G - cUz;il (m) kQ;rs;> xLq;F gz;G - RUq;fpaJ (m) gr;ir
kyh; : Xq;Fg; gz;G Cjh> xLq;F gz;G - nts;is
2. Neha;j;jilf;fhg;G kz;lyk;; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)
1. kuh];k]; kw;Wk; Fth\pNahh;fh; Neha;fs; Guhjf; Fiwghl;lhy; Vw;gLfpd;wd. kuh];k]; Neha;
Fth\pNahh;fh; NehapypUe;J cg;gpa tapW kw;Wk; Kfj;jpy; tPf;fk; Mfpa mwpFwpfs; %yk;
NtWgLfpd;wd. ,f;$w;W rhpah? jtwhf ,Ug;gpd; jpUj;jp vOJf.
jtW. rhpahd $w;W: kuh];k];: vilf;FiwT> fLikahd tapw;Wg;Nghf;F vYk;G kPJ Njhy;
Nghh;;j;jg;gl;l Njhw;wk;
2. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s clw;FiwghLfspy; jdpahd xd;iwj; jFe;j fhuzq;fSld; fz;lwpe;J vOJf.
(jhyrpkpah> `PNkhgpyPah> khiyf;fz;> my;gpdprk;> fjph; mhpths; ,uj;j Nrhif)
,itfspy; jdpahdJ khiyf;fz; Neha;.
fhuzq;fs;: 1) khiyf;fz; Neha; itl;lkpd; A FiwghL. kw;witfs; kugpay; Neha;fs;.
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10 mwptpay;
ntw;wpf;F top
3.
rhjhuhz rspahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l eghplk; fhzg;gLk; nghJthd mwpFwpfs; ahit? i)_____ ii) ____
1) Rthrg;ghij> mjd; Nkw;Gwq;fspy; ehrp vg;gpj;jPypa jpRf;fspd; tPf;fk;.
2) rsp xOFjy;> jiy typ> fha;r;ry;.
4. epwf;FUL NehapypUe;J khiyf;fz; Nehia NtWgLj;Jf.
1) epwf;FUL xU kugpay; Neha;. mLj;jLj;j jiyKiwfSf;F flj;jg;gLk;.
2) khiyf;fz; Neha; itl;lkpd; A Fiwghl;lhy; Vw;gLtJ. re;jjpf;F flj;jg;glhJ.
5. gs;sp tpLjpapy; jq;fpAs;s xU khztdpd; Njhypy; mhpg;Gld; $ba mlh;e;j jbg;G fhzg;gl;lJ.
,ij mwpe;j tpLjpf; fhg;ghsh; kw;w khzth;fisg; ghjpf;fg;gl;l khzthpd; Jthiy> Mil> rPg;G
Mfpatw;iwg; gfph;e;J nfhs;sf;$lhJ vd mwpTWj;Jfpwhh;. me;j khztUf;F Vw;gl;Ls;s Nehapd;
ngah;> me;j Neha;f;fhd fhuzpiaf; fz;lwpf.
glh;jhkiu. ,jw;fhd fhuzpfs;: vgpnlh;Nkhigl;lhd;> ikf;Nuh]; Nghuk;> l;iuf;Nfhigl;lhd;
Nghd;w g+Q;irfs;
6. kNyhpah xl;Lz;zpiag; gug;Gk; g+r;rpia (Neha;gug;gp) $Wf. kpff; fLikahd kNyhpah fha;r;riy
cUthf;fp ,wg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; kNyhpah xl;Lz;zp vJ?
Neha;gug;gp: ngz; mdhgpy]; nfhR
,wg;ig cz;lhf;Fk; kNyhpa xl;Lz;zp: gpsh];Nkhbak; ghy;rpghuk;.
7. HIV-If; fz;lwpAk; Ma;T kw;Wk; cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Ma;Tfs; ahit?
1) fz;lwpAk; Ma;T : viyrh 2) cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Ma;T : nt];l;lh;d; gpshl;
8. Kj;jLg;g+rp vd;why; vd;d? ,j;jLg;g+rp kUe;jpdhy; jLf;fg;gLk; %d;W Neha;fs; ahit?
1) gpwe;j Foe;ijf;F MwhtJ thuj;jpy; Nghl jLg;g+rpNa Kj;jLg;g+rp.
2) jLf;fg;gLk; Neha;fs;: njhz;il milg;ghd; ff;Fthd; ,Uky;> nll;ld];.
9. jha;g;ghy; %yk; Foe;ijfSf;F vjph;nghUs; nry;tjhy; vj;jifa Neha;j;jLg;ghw;wy; cz;lhfpwJ?
,aw;ifahd ke;jkhf ngwg;gl;l Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy;.
10. fPo;f;fhz; thf;fpaq;fisg; gbj;J rhpah? jtwh? vd;W $Wf.
i) epwf;FUL xU kugpay; Neha;> vdpy; khiyf;fz; Neha; rj;Jf; Fiwghl;L NehahFk;. ii) ngh;dr
P pa];
mdPkpah xU rj;Jf; Fiwghl;L Neha; vdpy; rpf;fs; nry; mdPkpah xU kugpay; Neha; / Fiwghl;L
Neha;. iii) TT jLg;g+rp ghjpf;fg;gl;l Foe;ijf;F ke;jkhfg; ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy; vdpy; BCG jLg;g+rp
nray;kpF ngwg;gl;l Neha; jLg;ghw;wiy mspf;fpwJ. iv) kNyhpah xU ghf;Bhpa Neha; vdpy; glh;jhkiu
xU itu]; Neha;.
i) rhp
ii) rhp
iii) jtW
iv)
jtW
11. m) uk;ahTf;F <Wfspy; ,uj;jk; frpjy;, gy; MLjy; Kjypa Neha;fs; cs;sd. Ma;e;jwpe;jjpy;
,it itl;lkpd; FiwghL vd;W fz;lwpag;gl;lJ.
,uk;ahtpw;F cztpy; ve;j itl;lkpd;
FiwghL cs;sJ vd;gjidAk;, ,f;Fiwghl;L Neha;f;fhd ngaiuAk; vOJf. (khur;2012> [{d; 2012>13)
M) m. itl;lkpd;fs; M. FiwghLfs; kw;Wk; ,. Neha; mwpFwpfis nghUj;Jf.
m
M
,
itl;lkpd;fs;
Fiwghl;L Neha;fs;
Neha; mwpFwpfs;
epf;NlhNyhgpah
khiyf;fz;
itl;lkpd; - A
];fh;tp
euk;G FiwghL
itl;lkpd; - B1
Hpf;fl;];
gw;fspy; ,uj;jf; frpT
itl;lkpd; - C
,uj;jf; frpT
vYk;Gfspy; fhy;rpak; FiwT
itl;lkpd; - D
nghp nghp
,uj;jk; Fiwjy;
itl;lkpd; - K
m) 1. uk;ahtpd; cztpy; itl;lkpd; C Fiwthf ,Ug;gjhy;> gy; <Wfspy; ,uj;jk; frpjy; gy;
MLjy; Nghd;w cghijfs; te;Js;sJ.
2. ];fh;tp vd;gJ itl;lkpd; C apd; Fiwghl;L NehahFk;.
M)
m
M
,
itl;lkpd;fs;
Fiwghl;L Neha;fs;
Neha; mwpFwpfs;
epf;NlhNyhgpah
khiyf;fz;
itl;lkpd; - A
nghp nghp
euk;G FiwghL
itl;lkpd; - B1
];fh;tp
gw;fspy;,uj;jf; frpT
itl;lkpd; - C
Hpf;fl;];
vYk;Gfspy; fhy;rpak; FiwT
itl;lkpd; - D
,uj;jf; frpT
,uj;jk; Fiwjy;
itl;lkpd; - K
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- 16 -
10 mwptpay;
ntw;wpf;F top
12.
xU Rfhjhu mYtyh; mg;gFjpapy; thOk; kf;fsplk; xNu Crpiag; gad;gLj;jp gyUf;Fg; gr;ir
Fj;JjiyAk;> KbjpUj;jq;fspy; xNu gpNsL/fj;jp gyUf;Fg; gad;gLj;jp rtuk; nra;jy;>
KbjpUj;Jjy; Ntz;lhk; vdTk; mwpTWj;Jfpwhh;. ,tw;wpd; %yk; ve;jf; nfhba Neha; guthky;
jLf;fyhk;? NkYk; ePtph; mwpe;j jLg;G Kiwfisf; $Wf.
1) va;l;]; Nehia jtph;f;fyhk;.
2) ghJfhg;ghd ghYwT elj;ijfs; HIV ghpNrhjid nra;j ,uj;jk; nrYj;Jjy; xU Kiw
kl;Lk; gad;gLj;Jk; Crpfs;> KbjpUj;jq;fspd; fj;jp gpNsL xUtUf;F xU Kiw kl;Lk;
gad;gLj;JtJ Nghd;wit va;l;]; Neha;f;fhd jLg;G Kiwfs;.
13. nghUj;Jf:
Neha;fs;
m) mkPgpf;rPjNgjp
M) fhrNeha;
,) glh;jhkiu
<) kNyhpah
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
mwpFwpfs;
i) fLk; fha;r;rYk; gpd;G cly; Fsph;e;J eLf;fKk; tpl;Ltpl;Lj;njhlUk;
ii) Njhy;> efq;fspy; mhpg;Gld; $ba gil
iii) mbtapw;wpy; typAld; Nfhio kw;Wk; ,uj;jj;Jld; $ba kyk;
iv) njhlh;r;rpahd ,Uky; kw;Wk; cly; vil Fiwjy;.
Neha;fs;
mwpFwpfs;
m) mkPgpf; rPjNgjp
mbtapw;wpy; typAld; Nfhio kw;Wk; ,uj;jj;Jld; $ba kyk;
M) fhrNeha;
njhlh;r;rpahd ,Uky; kw;Wk; cly; vil Fiwjy;.
,) glh;jhkiu
Njhy;> efq;fspy; mhpg;Gld; $ba gil
<) kNyhpah
fLk; fha;r;rYk; gpd;G cly; Fsph;e;J eLf;fKk; tpl;Ltpl;Lj; njhlUk;.
guTjypd; mbg;gilapy; Neha;fis tifg;gLj;Jf.
(ePhpd; %yk;> fhw;wpd; %yk;> ghypd njhlh;G %yk;)
1. fhyuh
2. ilgha;L 3. fhrNeha;
4. njhONeha;
5. rpgpyp];
6. nfhNdhpah 7. epNkhdpah 8. rhjhuzr; rsp 9. mkPgpf; rPjNgjp
10. va;l;];
ePhpd; %yk; guTk; Neha;fs;: fhyuh> ilgha;L> mkPgpf; rPjNgjp
fhw;wpd; %yk; guTk; Neha;fs;: fhrNeha;> epNkhdpah> rhjhuzr;rsp> njhONeha;.
ghypdj; njhlh;G %yk; guTk; Neha;fs;: va;l;];> rpgpyp];> nfhNdupah
m) kdpjiu ngUkstpy; ghjpf;Fk; Neha;f;fhuzpfs; %d;wpidf; $Wf.
M) AIDS Nghd;w itu]; njhw;WNeha;fSf;F kUe;J fz;Lgpbg;gJ kw;w Neha;fis tpl kpfTk;
fbdkhdJ. ,f; $w;W rhpah? jtwh? tpthjpf;f.
m) Neha;f;fhuzpfs;: 1. itu];fs; 2. ghf;Bhpahf;fs; 3. GNuhl;NlhNrhthf;fs;
M) rhp. AIDS Neha;f;F fhuzkhd HIV itu]; kdpjh;fspy; Mz;bghbfis cUthf;Fk; CD4
kw;Wk; T-cjTk; nry;fis cUthf;Fk; ,uj;j nts;isaZf;fis mopj;J tpLtjhy; clypd;
Neha; vjpu;gg
; hw;wy; Fiwe;J gy re;jh;gg
; thj Neha;fis vjph;nfhs;;s Ntz;bapUf; fpwJ. Neha;
vjpu;gg
; hw;wy; Fiwe;J tpLtjhy; ,e;j re;ju;gg
; thj Neha;fis Fzkhf;FtJ fbdk;.
xU khztd; kPry;]; Nehapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L Fzkile;jhh;. mtd; mwptpay; Mrphpah; mtdJ
tho;f;ifapy; kPz;Lk; ,e;Neha; mtidj; jhf;fhJ vd;W $wpdhh;. ,f; $w;W rhpah? jtwh?
fhuzk; $Wf.
Mrphpahpd; $w;W rhp.
fhuzk;: kPry;]; Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; NghJ mjw;F fhuzkhd
Ez;Zaphpf;F vjpuhf vjph;nghUs; clypy; cUthfp nray;kpF ngwg;gl;l Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wyhf
ePz;lfhyj;jpw;F epiyj;jpUg;gjhy; kPry;]; kPz;Lk; me;j khztidj; jhf;fhJ.
kdpjhpy; glh;jhkiu Neha; cz;lhtjw;fhd Neha;f;fhuzp ahJ? mjd; mwpFwpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
fhuzpfs;: vgpnlh;Nkhigl;lhd;> ikf;Nuh];Nghuk;> l;iuf;Nfhigl;lhd; Nghd;w g+Q;irfs;.
mwpFwp: Njhypy; mhpg;Gld; $ba mlh;e;j jbg;G.
nghUe;jhtw;iwj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf.
m) AIDS: hpl;Nuh itu];> ypk;Nghirl;Lfs;> BCG, ELISA
M) ghf;Bhpah Neha;fs;;: ntwpeha;f;fb> fhyuh> rhjhuzr;rsp> ,d;GSad;rh.
,) DPT jLg;g+rp: njhz;il milg;ghd;> fhrNeha;> ff;Fthd;> ,Uky;> nll;lhd];.
<) kdpjdpy; gpsh];Nkhbaj;jpd; Neha; njhw;Wepiy: ];NghNuhRthapl;> kPNuhNrhapl;>
l;NuhNghNrhapl;> Nfkpl;Nlhirl;.
c) kdg;ghpkhzk;: gsgsg;ghd Njhy;. ey;y tsh;rpij khw;wr; nray;ghLfs;> fz;fspy;
fUtisak; mw;wj;jd;ik> jd; gyk; kw;Wk; gytPdj;ij mwpe;j epiy.
m) AIDS: nghUe;jhjJ BCG
M) ghf;Bhpah Neha;fs;;: nghUe;jhjJ ntwpeha;f;fb> rhjhuzr;rsp> ,d;GSad;rh
,) DPT jLg;g+rp: nghUe;jhjJ - fhrNeha;.
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- 17 -
10 mwptpay;
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
ntw;wpf;F top
<) kdpjdpy; gpsh];Nkhbaj;jpd; Neha; njhw;Wepiy: nghUe;jhjJ - ];NghNuhRthapl;

c) kdg;ghpkhzk;: nghUe;jhjJ gsgsg;ghd Njhy;> tsh;rpij khw;w nray;ghLfs;
fz;fspy; fUtisak; mw;wjd;ik.
ghk;Gf; fbf;F vjph; eQ;R kUe;J jahhpg;gjw;F> Md;bghbfisf; Fjpiufspd; clypypUe;J
cw;gj;jp nra;J> gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ. ,J ve;j tifahd Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy;?
nraw;ifahd ke;jkhf ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy;
fPo;f;fhZk; Neha;fis tsh;rpij khw;wf; Fiwghl;L Neha; kugpay; Neha; my;yJ rj;Jf;
Fiwg;gl;L Neha; vd;W tifg;gLj;Jf.
m) jhyrPkpah M) nghp-nghp ,) lahgb]; nky;ypl]; <) Fkpopr; rpWtd; Neha;
c) ];fh;tp
C) kuh];k]; v) cly; gUkd; V) my;rpkh; Neha; I) epf;NlhNyhgpah x) `PNkhgpypah
tsh;rpij khw;wf; Fiwghl;L Neha;fs; : lahgb]; nky;ypl];> cly; gUkd;> my;rpkh; Neha;
kugpay; Neha;fs;
: jhyrPkpah> Fkpopr; rpWtd; Neha;> `PNkhgPypah
rj;Jf; Fiwg;gl;L Neha;fs;
: nghp-nghp> ];fh;tp> kuh];k];> epf;NlhNyhgpah
rhpahd $w;iwf; fz;Lgpbf;f(rhp / jtW)
m) fhrNeha;> ikf;Nfhghf;Bhpak; ba+gh;FNsrp]; vDk; ghf;Bhpathy; cUthfpwJ.
M) ilgha;L> l;iuNfhigl;lhd; vd;Dk; g+Q;irahy; cUthfpwJ.
,) kNyhpah> gpsh];Nkhbahk; itthf;rpdhy; cUthfpwJ.
<) ,d;GSad;rh> vz;lkPgh `p];lhiybfh vd;Dk; GNuhl;NlhNrhthtpdhy; cUthfpwJ.
m) rup
M) jtW ,) rhp
<) jtW
ngz; mdhgpy]; nfhR %yk; ];NghNuhRtha;Lfs; xU kdpjdpd; clypy; Eioe;jTlNd
kNyhpah fha;r;ry; mtUf;F Vw;gLtjpy;iy. Vd;? tpsf;Ff.
ngz; mdhgpy]; nfhR %yk; ];NghNuhRtha;Lfs; kdpjd; clypy; Eioe;jTld; fy;yPuy;
nry;fspy; ngUfp gpd;dh; ,uj;j rptg;gZf;fisj; jhf;fp ntbf;f nra;fpwJ. ,jdhy;
`PNkhNrhapd; vd;w er;Rg; nghUs; ntspg;gl;Lk;. ,e;j epfo;Tfs; eilngw rpy ehl;fs; MFk;.
gpd;dh; jhd; fha;r;ry; tUk;.
gpsh];Nkhbak; tho;f;if Row;rpapd; epiyfisf; fz;lwpf:
m) nfhR kdpjDs; kNyhpah fpUkpfis cl;nrYj;Jjy;.
M) NehAw;w kdpjiu mdhgpy]; ngz;nfhR fbf;Fk; nghOJ gpsh];Nkhbak; nfhRtpd;
clYf;Fs; nry;Yjy;.
m) ];NghNuhN]hapl; epiy M) Nfkpl;Nlhigl; epiy
<f;fshy; gutf;$ba Neha;fs; ,uz;bidf; $Wf. me;Neha;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; Neha;f;
fhuzpfisAk; Fwpg;gpLf.
ilgha;L fhuzp: rhykndy;yh il/gp> mkPgpf; rPjNgjp fhuzp: vz;lkpgh `p];lypl;bfh
fPo;f;fhZk; epuy; glj;ij cw;WNehf;Ff.
fPNo nfhLf;fg;g
; l;l ml;ltizapypUe;J
x d; Neha;f;fhuzp kw;Wk; tsh;rpij
khw;wf; Fiwghl;L Nehiaf; $Wf.
Fiwghl;L Neha;
m) lahgb]; ,d;rpgpl];
M) lahgb]; nky;ypl];
,) fNuhdhp ,ja Neha;
<) rpWePuf nraypog;G
M) lahgb]; nky;ypl];
fhuzp
ADH `hh;Nkhd; FiwghL
,d;Rypd; `hh;Nkhd; FiwghL
,ja jirfSf;F ,uj;jk; mspf;Fk; jkdpapy; milg;G.
,uj;jj;ij tbfl;Lk; neg;uhdpd; nraypog;G
- ,d;Rypd; `hh;Nkhd; FiwghL
3. kdpj cly; cWg;G kz;lyq;fspd; mikg;Gk; nray;ghLfSk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. clw;nraypy; nray;ghLfis fl;LgLj;;Jk; kw;Wk; xUq;fpizf;Fk; gzpiar;nra;Ak; ,uz;L
cWg;G kz;lyq;fs; ahit? mtw;wpilNa cs;;s NtWghL xd;wpidf;$Wf.
1) euk;G kz;lyk;
2) ehskpy;yh Rug;gp kz;lyk;
NtWghL:
1) Jhz;ly; Jyq;fy;fis kpd;Jhz;lyhf flj;Jtjd; %yk; clypd; midj;J ,aw;gpay;
nray;ghLfisAk; xUq;fpizg;gJ euk;G kz;lyk.;
2) `hh;Nkhd;fs; %ykhf cly; cWg;GfSf;fpilNa Ntjp xUq;fpizg;gpid nra;tJ
ehskpy;yh Rug;gp kz;lyk;.
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- 18 -
10 mwptpay;
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
ntw;wpf;F top
nkLy;Nyl;ll; epa+uhd;fis nkLy;Nyl;ll; mw;w epa+uhd;fsplkpUe;J NtWgLj;Jf. mit euk;G

kz;lyj;jpy; vq;F fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
1) nkLy;Nyl;ll; epa+uhd;fs; ntz;ikahd nfhOg;G ikaypd; ciwahy; %lg;gl;L ,Ug;gjhy;
ntz;ik epw epa+uhd;fshf ,Uf;Fk;. ,it %isapd; ntz;ik gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk;
2) nkLy;Nyl;ll; mw;w epa+uhd;fs; ikaypd; ciwahy; %lg;glhJ ,Ug;gjhy; rhk;gy; epw
epa+uhd;fshf ,Uf;Fk;. ,it ngU%isapd; rhk;gy; gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk;.
,jaj; Jbg;G> %r;RtpLjy; Nghd;w nray;fis xOq;FgLj;Jk; %isapd; gFjp ahJ? mJ
%isapd; ve;jg; gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ?
1) KFsk;
2) %isapd; fPo;Gwj;jpy; jz;Ltlj;NjhL ,izAk; %isapd; filrpg; gFjpNa KFsk; MFk;.
fhh;Nghuh Fthl;hpn[kpdh vd;why; vd;d? mJ vj;jifa gzpfSld; njhlh;GilaJ?
eL%isapd; KJFg; gf;fj;jpy; ehd;F miutl;;l Nfhsq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,it fhh;Nghuh
Fthl;hpn[kpdh MFk;.
,it ghh;j;jypd; mdpr;ir nray;fs;> ghh;itapd; rhh;G ,af;fj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
xOq;FgLj;Jjy; Nghd;w gzpfNshL njhlh;GilaJ.
ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpfs; vd;why; vd;d? ,e;jr; Rug;gpfs; Ruf;Fk; Rug;Gg; nghUs;fs; ahit? mit
cw;gj;jpahFk; ,lq;fspypUe;J nrayhw;Wk; ,lq;fSf;F vt;thW vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gLfpd;wd?
1) ekJ cly; nraypay; epfo;Tfis Ntjpapay; xUq;fpizg;G %yk; jd;dpiy guhkhpf;Fk;
Rug;gpfNs ehskpy;yh Rug;gpfs;.
2) ,it Ruf;Fk; nghUl;fs; `hh;Nkhd;fs;.
3) mit ,uj;jj;jpd; %yk; vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gLfpd;wd.
gpd;tUk; ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpfspd; ngah;fisf; $Wf.
m) ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpfspd; elj;Jdh;
M) ,ul;ilr; Rug;gp
m) gpl;a+l;lhp Rug;gp
M) fizaj;jpd; yhq;fh; `hd;]; jpl;Lfs;
ve;j `hh;Nkhd;fs; gpd;tUkhW miof;fg;gLfpwJ?
m) MSik `hh;Nkhd;
M) rz;il> gwf;Fk; gaKWj;Jk; `hh;Nkhd;
m) ijuhf;]pd;
M) ml;hPdypd; kw;Wk; ehu;ml;uPdypd;
Mz;> ngz; ,dg;ngUf;f `hh;Nkhd;fisf; $Wf. mjd; gzpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
m) Mz; ,dg;ngUf;f `hu;Nkhd; - nl];Nlh];BNuhd; my;yJ Mz;l;Nuh[d;. ,J tpe;J nry;
cw;gj;jpia J}z;LfpwJ. ,uz;lhk;epiy ghy; gz;Gfis jPu;khdpf;fpwJ.
M) ngz; ,dg;ngUf;f `hu;Nkhd;fs;
1) <];l;Nuh[d;: ,dg;ngUf;f cWg;Gfspd; tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk;epiy ghy;gz;Gfspd;
tsu;r;rpf;F gad;gLfpwJ.
2) GNuhn[];bNuhd;: khjtplha; kw;Wk; fu;g;gepiyia guhkupf;fpwJ.
3) upyhf;]pd;: kfg;Ngwpd;NghJ ,Lg;G jirfis jsu;j;jp Foe;ij gpwg;ig vspjhf;FfpwJ.
kpah]p]; -I d; ve;nje;j Jizepiyapy; gpd;tUk; epfo;Tfs; eilngWfpd;wd?
m) xj;jpirthd FNuhFNrhk;fs; ,izTWjy;
- irf;NfhBd;
M) Edp miljy;
- bg;NshBd;
,) FWf;Nf fyj;jy;
- ghf;fpBd;
<) ];gpd;by; fjph; mikg;G cUthjy;
- ilahifdrp];
fPo;f;fz;l glj;ij tiue;J nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;stw;wpy; VNjDk; ,uz;L
ghfq;fisf; Fwpf;fTk;. (nry; clyk;> Mf;]hd;, nlz;buhd;,
fpisj;j KbTg; gFjpfs;) ([{d; 2012>13> mf; 2012;> Vg; 2014)
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10 mwptpay;
11.
fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s kdpj %isapy; gpd;tUk; fl;LgLj;Jk;

gFjpfs; KiwNa m kw;Wk; M vd;W Fwpf;f (khu;r; 2012>13> [{d;
2012> khjpup 2012)
m) Efh;jy; czUk;; gFjp
M) ghh;it czUk;; gFjp
m) Efu;jy; czUk; gFjp
12.
13.
14.
15.
ntw;wpf;F top
M) ghu;it czUk; gFjp
nray;fspd; mbg;gilapy; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sitfspy; rhpahd $w;iwj; Njh;e;njLf;f. (khu;r;

2013> [{d; 2012)
m) gpl;A+l;hpr; Rug;gp `hh;Nkhd;fisAk;, nehjpfisAk; Ruf;fpwJ.
M) ijuha;L Rug;gp ijuhf;]pd; kw;Wk; ,d;Rypid Ruf;fpwJ.
,) yPbf; nry;fs; nl];Nlh];buhd; `hh;Nkhid cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wd.
<) fizak; nehjpfisAk;, `hh;NkhidAk; Ruf;fpd;wJ.
yPbf; nry;fs; nl];Nlh];buhd; `hh;Nkhid cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wd.
fizak; nehjpfisAk;, `hh;NkhidAk; Ruf;fpd;wJ.
fPOs;s $w;Wfs; jtwhf ,Ug;gpd; cupa $w;wpid vOJf.
m) My;ghnry;fs; ,d;Rypid cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wd. gPl;lhnry;fs; FSNfhfhid cw;gj;jp
nra;fpd;wd
M) fhh;l;bNrhd; Neha; vjph;g;Gj; jd;ikia Fiwf;fpd;wJ.
,) ijk]; Rug;gp xU epzePHj; njhFjp.
<) mz;lfk; Kl;ilfisAk; Mz;l;Nuh[idAk; cw;gj;jp nra;fpwJ.
m) My;gh nry;fs; FSNfhfhidAk;> gPl;lh nry;fs; ,d;RypidAk; cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wd.
M) fhu;l;bNrhd; mow;rp jLg;G tpidfisj; Njhw;Wtpj;J Neha; jilf;fhg;G Jyq;fy;fis
kl;Lg;gLj;JfpwJ.
,) ijk]; Rug;gp xU epzePu; mikg;G.
<) mz;lfk; Kl;ilfisAk;> <];l;Nuh[idAk; cw;gj;jp
nra;fpd;wJ.
kdpjhpy; ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gp kz;lyk; gw;wpa rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mit
xt;nthd;Wk; rhpah/ jtwh vdf; $Wf.
m) ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gp kz;lyk; tsh;r;rp> ,dg;ngUf;fk;> tho;itj; njhlh;e;J NgZjy; Kjypa
,aw;nray;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jTk;> xUq;fpizf;fTk; nra;fpwJ.
M) vz;Nlhfpiud; Rug;gpfs; ahTk; ehsKs;s Rug;gpfs;. mit Ruf;ff;$ba Ntjpg;nghUs;fSf;F
`hh;Nkhd;fs; vd;W ngah;.
,) fizak; vd;gJ ,ul;ilr; Rug;gp.
<) ijk]; Rug;gpapd; Nfhshwpdhy; Kd;fOj;Jf; Roiy Vw;gLfpwJ.
m) rhp M) jtW ,) rhp <) jtW.
fPo;tUk; ml;ltizia epug;Gf.
mbNdhi`Nghigrp]; `hh;Nkhd;fs;
nray;fs; kw;Wk; NfhshWfs;
nrhkl;Nlhl;Nuhgpf;
`hh;Nkhd;fs;/tsh;;r;rp
`hh;Nkhd; (STH/GH)
ijuha;L Rug;gpfspd; tsh;r;rpiaj; J}z;b ijuhf;]pd;
cw;gj;jpiaj; J}z;Lk;.
mbNdhi`Nghigrp];
nrhkl;Nlhl;Nuhgpf;
`hh;Nkhd;fs;/tsh;;r;rp
`hh;Nkhd; (STH/GH)
`hh;Nkhd;fs;
ijNuhl;Nuhg;gpf;/ ijuha;L J}z;Lk;

`hh;Nkhd; TSH
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nray;fs; kw;Wk; NfhshWfs;

1) tsh;r;rp fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;
2) Fiw Rug;G Fs;sj;jd;ik (rpwpath;fs;)
3) kpif Rug;G - mRu tsh;r;rp (rpwpath;fs;)
4) kpif Rug;G - nghpath;fspd; mf;Nuhnkfhyp
ijuha;L Rug;gpfspd; tsh;r;rpiaj; J}z;b ijuhf;]pd;
cw;gj;jpiaj; J}z;Lk;.
- 20 -
10 mwptpay;
16.
ntw;wpf;F top
fPNo cs;s glj;ij tiue;J nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s

Fwpg;Gfspd; cjtpahy; ghfq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
m) ,J rpWePufj;jpd; kPJ mike;Js;s Rug;gp.
M) ,J Ruf;Fk; `hh;Nkhd;fs; My;Nlh];BNuhd; kw;Wk;
fhh;bN]hd; MFk;.
m) ml;hPdy;
M) ml;hPdy; fhh;nlf;];.
17. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;l epa+uhd;fspd; tiffis tiue;J
,dk; fhz;f.
m) xU Kid epa+uhd;
18.
19.
M) ,U Kid epa+uhd;
,) gy Kid epa+uhd;.
fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s kpahrp]; nry; gphpjy; gw;wpa thf;fpaq;fspy; rhp kw;Wk; jtW vd
Fwpg;gpLf. m) ,J clw;nry;fspy; epfo;fpwJ. M) kpahrp]; Fd;wy; gFg;G vdTk;
miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,) xj;jpirthd FNuhNrhk;fs; ,iztJ FWf;Nf fyj;jy; vdg;gLfpwJ.
<) kpahrp]; NtWghLfisj; Njhw;Wtpf;fpwJ. mJNt ghpzhkj;jpw;F %yg;nghUs;fshf
mikfpd;wd.
m) jtW M) rhp
,) rhp <) rhp
ml;ltizapy; cs;stw;iw nghUj;Jf.
m) nyg;NlhBd;
cl;fUr;rt;T> cl;fUkzp kiwjy;.
M) irNfhl;Bd;
Edp miljy;
,) bg;NshBd;
,izTWjy;> rpdhg;rp];> ,ul;ilfs;
<) ilahifdrp];
FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; RUf;fkile;J E}y;Nghy; Njhd;Wfpd;wd.
m) nyg;NlhBd;
FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; RUf;fkile;J E}y;Nghy; Njhd;Wfpd;wd.
M) irNfhl;Bd;
,izTWjy;> rpdhg;rp];> ,ul;ilfs;.
,) bg;NshBd;
Edp miljy;.
<) ilahifdrp];
cl;fUr;rt;T> cl;fUkzp kiwjy;.
20. xUth; ,U rf;fu thfdj;jpy; jiyftrk; mzpahky; gazpf;fpwhh;. mth; rhiy tpgj;jpy;
jiyapy; gyj;j fhak; milfpwJ. kUj;Jtkidf;F nry;tjw;F Kd;ghfNt ,ja nraypog;G
kw;Wk; %r;R jpzwyhy; ,we;JtpLfpwhh;. mtuJ %isapd; vg;gFjpapd; ghjpg;ghy; caphpog;G
Vw;gl;lJ. cq;fs; gjpYf;F rhpahd tpsf;fk; jUf.
1) %isapd; KFsk; gFjp
2) ,jaj;Jbg;G %r;RtpLtjy; Nghd;w mdpr;ir nray;fspd; ikakhf mJ tpsq;FfpwJ.
21. nghUj;Jf:
gl;bay; - 1
gl;bay; - 2
m) thNrhgpu];rpd;
Neha; jLg;G
M) ,d;Rypd;
ilahngB]; ,d;rpgpl];
,) Mf;]pNlhrpd;
ilahngB]; nkypl];
<) ijNkhrpd;
fUg;ig RUq;f> tphpar; nra;jy;
gl;bay; - 1
m) thNrhgpu];rpd;
M) ,d;Rypd;
,) Mf;]pNlhrpd;
<) ijNkhrpd;
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gl;bay; - 2
ilahngB]; ,d;rpgpl];
ilahngB]; nkypl];
fUg;ig RUq;f> tphpar; nra;jy;
Neha; jLg;G
- 21 -
10 mwptpay;
22.
23.
24.
ntw;wpf;F top
fPo;f;fhz; tiuglk; cly; cWg;GfspypUe;J ika euk;G kz;lyj;jpw;F euk;Gj;J}z;ly;

flj;jg;gLk; ghijfis Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,jid cw;WNehf;fp gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp.
,uz;L ghijfspy; cs;s midj;J euk;GfSk; tbtj;jpYk;> jbkdpYk; xNu khjphpahf

cs;sJ vdpy; ve;j ghij euk;G J}z;liy tpiuthf flj;Jk;. Vd;?
ghij P euk;Gj;J}z;liy tpiuthff; flj;Jk;.
fhuzk;: 1) mjpy; euk;G nry;fspd; vz;zpf;if FiwT.
2) euk;Gnry;fSf;F ,ilNaahd ,ilntspfs; FiwT. ,ilntspfspy;
Ntjpg;nghUs; ntspaPL kw;Wk; czu;jy; %yk; flj;jg;gLfpwJ. ghij Papy;
,ilntsp Fiwthd vz;zpf;ifapy; ,Ug;gjhy; flj;jy; Ntfk; mjpfkhFk;.
,Utpjkhd gzpfis nra;Ak; Rug;gp vJ? Vd;?
1) fizak;.
2) gpj;j ePu; vd;w nehjpiar; Rue;J ehsKs;s Rug;gpahfTk;> ,d;RyPd;-FSf;Nfh`hd; Nghd;w
`hu;Nkhd;fisr; Rue;J ehskpy;yh Rug;gpahfTk; ,Utpjkhd gzpfisr; nra;fpwJ.
xU 16 taJ rpWtd; Mz;ghy; gz;Gfs; ,y;yhikf;fhf> kUj;Jthplk; mioj;J tug;gl;lhd;.
(kPir/ jhb/ fufug;ghd Fuy;/ gue;j Njhs;fs;)
ghpNrhjidf;Fg; gpwF kUj;Jth; ,J xU `hh;Nkd; FiwghL kw;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;l ehskpy;yhr;
Rug;gp ,lk; khwp mike;Js;sijAk; fz;lwpe;jhh;. rpWtdpd; Fiwghl;Lf;Ff; fhuzkhd
ehskpy;yh Rug;gpiaAk;> mjd; `hh;NkhidAk; Fwpg;gpLf.
ehskpy;yh Rug;gp - tpe;jfk;
`hu;Nkhd; - nl];Nlh];BNuhd; (Mz;l;Nuh[d;)
4 - jhtuq;fspy;; ,dg;ngUf;fk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
ghypyh kw;Wk; ghy; ,dg;ngUf;f KiwfSf;fpilNa cs;s NtWghLfs; ,uz;bid vOJf.

ghypyh ,dg;ngUf;fk;
ghy; ,dg;ngUf;fk;
1) Mz; ngz; ,dr;Nrh;f;if Njitapy;yhj Mz; ngz; Nfkpl;Lfs; ,ize;J re;jjpfis
,dg;ngUf;fKiw.
cUthf;Fk; ,dg;ngUf;fKiw
2) xU nry; caphpfspYk; fPo;epiy
Nkk;gl;l jhtuq;fspYk; Nkk;gl;l tpyq;FfspYk;
jhtuq;fspYk; eilngWfpwJ.
fhzg;gLtJ.
3) gpsthjy;> mUk;Gjy;> Jz;lhjy;>
tpyq;Ffspy; Mz; ngz; Nrh;f;if> jhtuq;fspy;
];Nghh;fs;> clyg;ngUf;fk; Mfpait
kfue;jNrh;f;if kw;Wk; fUTWjy; Nghd;wit ghy;
ghypyh ,dg;ngUf;f Kiwfs;.
,dg;ngUf;f Kiwfs;.
cly ,dg;ngUf;fk; vd;gJ vd;d? m) gpiuNahgpy;yk; M) ];igNuhifuhtpy; fhzg;gLk; cly
,dg;ngUf;f Kiwfs; ahit?
rpy jhtuq;fs; Vw;fdNt cs;s jq;fs; cly; cWg;GfspypUe;J Gjpa jhtuq;fisj;
Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wd. ,J clyg;ngUf;fk; MFk;.
m) gpiuNahgpy;yk; : nkhl;LtpLjy; my;yJ mUk;Gjy; (,iyapd; tpspk;GfspypUe;J)
M) ];igNuhifuh : Jz;lhjy; Kiw.
jhtuq;fspy; eilngWk; ghypdg;ngUf;f epfo;Tfisr; rhpahd Kiwapy; thpirg;gLj;Jf. tpij
cUthf;fk;> kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if> tpij guTjy;> fUTWjy;.
kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if fUTWjy; tpij cUthf;fk; tpij guTjy;
tiuaW: kfue;jNrh;f;if.
kfue;j igapypUe;J kfue;j Jfs;fs; #yf Kbiar; nrd;wilAk; nraYf;F kfue;j Nrh;f;if
vd;W ngah;.
tiuaW: fUTWjy;
#yfj;jpd; fUg;igf;Fs; cs;s mz;lj;Jld; Mz; Nfkpl; ,iztJ fUTWjy; vdg;gLk;.
gpd;;tUtdtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk; kfue;jNrh;f;iffhd fhuzpfisf; ngahpLf.
m) ey;y kzKk; Njd;Rug;gpAk; nfhz;l gy tz;zq;fis nfhz;l kyh;fs;.
M) epwkw;wJ/kzkw;wJ/Njd; Rug;G mw;wJ. Mdhy; kfue;jj;Jfs;fs; cyu;e;j> ,Nyrhd
J}s;fshf ,Uf;Fk;. #y;Kb ,wF Nghd;W fhzg;gLk;.
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- 22 -
10 mwptpay;
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
ntw;wpf;F top
Nkw;fz;l ,uz;L tif kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if eilngWk; jhtuq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

m) g+r;rpfs;> tz;zj;Jg; g+r;rpfs;> NjdPf;fs;. vLj;Jf;fhl;L my;yp nrk;gUj;jp.
M) fhw;W. vLj;Jf;fhl;L kf;fh Nrhsk;> Gw;fs;> igd;.
fPo;f;fhZk; m) kw;Wk; M) epfo;TfSf;Fg; ngahpl;L ,e;epfo;Tfspd; Kbtpy; cUthFk;
mikg;Gfspd; gbepiyiaf; Fwpg;gLf.
m) Mz; NfkPl; (n) + mz;lk; (n) = irNfhl; (2n).
M) Mz; NfkPl; (n) + ,uz;lhk; epiy cl;fU (2n) = fUt+z; cl;fU (3n).
m) fUTjy;
Mz;NfkPl; (n)+ mz;lk; (n) irNfhl; (2n) fU
M) ,ul;il fUTjy; (%tpizT)
Mz;NfkPl; (n) + ,uz;lhk; epiy cl;fU (2n) fUt+z; cl;fU (3n)
fUTf;F czt+l;lk; mspg;gJ.
jFe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld; cyh; ntbfdpfis cyh; ntbahf; fdpfspypUe;J NtWgLj;Jf.
cyh; ntbfdp: fdp Kjph;e;j gpd; ntbj;J tpijfis ntspNaw;Wk;. v.fh: gl;lhzp> gUj;jp.
cyh; ntbahfdp: fdp Kjph;e;jhYk; ntbg;gjpy;iy. fdpapd; ntspg;Gwj;Njhy; mOfpa gpd;
tpijfs; ntspg;gLk;. v.fh: me;jpke;jhiu> ney;.
xU tpj;jiy> ,U tpj;jiyj; jhtuq;fs; vd;why; vd;d? vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUf.
xU tpijapiyiaf; nfhz;Ls;s tpijfs; xUtpj;jiyj; jhtuq;fs;. v.fh: ney;> kf;fhNrhsk;.
,U tpijapiyfisf; nfhz;Ls;s tpijfs; ,Utpj;jiyj; jhtuq;fs;. v.fh: gl;lhzp> mtiu.
fPo;f;fhZk; fdp/tpij guTk; KiwfSf;Fj; jFe;j nrhw;nwhlh; jUf.
xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; Xh; vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf.
m) fhw;wpy; guTjy;
- mdpNkhNfhhp. v.fh: l;iulhf;];> vUf;F.
M) ePhpy; guTjy;
- i`bNuhNfhhp. v.fh: jhkiu> njd;id.
,) tpyq;Ffshy; guTjy;
- #Nfhhp.
v.fh: ehAUtp> rhe;jpak;.
fPo;f;fhZk; fdp/tpij guTk; KiwfSf;F ,uz;L vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUf.
m) gwitfspd; fopTfs; %yk; - v.fh: jf;fhsp> nfha;ah> Ntk;G.
M) kdpjd; %yk; - v.fh: rpd;Nfhdh> ,ug;gh;> a+f;fypg;l];.
,ul;ilf;fUTWjy; vd;why; vd;d?
,uz;L Mz; Nfkpl;Lfspy; xd;W mz;lj;JlDk; kw;nwhd;W ,uz;lhk; epiy cl;fUTlDk;
,iztJ.
%tpizT vd;why; vd;d?
,uz;lhtJ Mz; Nfkpl; (n) ,Ukaj; jd;ik nfhz;l ,uz;lhk; epiy cl;fUTld; (2n)
,ize;J fUT+iz (3n) cUthf;FtJ %tpizT vdg;gLk;.
m) glk; A,B ia milahsk; fhz;f. M)Aapd; ve;jg; ghfk; BMf khWfpwJ.
m) A-#yftl;lk;
B-fdp
M) #y;ig fdpahf khWfpwJ.
caphpdq;fSk; mtw;wpd; ,dg;ngUf;f KiwfSk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,dg;ngUf;f
Kiwfis rhpahd caphpdq;fNshL nghUj;Jf. ([{d; 2013> khjpup 2012> [_d; 2014)
gpsj;jy;
];igNuhifuh
<];l;
mUk;Gjy; GNuhl;NlhNrhtd;fs;
jl;il GOf;fs;
Jz;lhjy; gpiuNah/gpy;yk;
ghf;Bhpaq;fs;
gpsj;jy;
mUk;Gjy;
Jz;lhjy;
GNuhl;NlhNrhthd;fs;
gpiuNah/gpy;;yk;
];igNuhifuh
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ghf;Bhpaq;fs;
<];;l;
jl;ilGOf;fs;
- 23 -
10 mwptpay;
ntw;wpf;F top
16. $l;Lf;fdp_______d; midj;J kyh;fspypUe;Jk; cUthfpwJ. _________ fdpahdJ xU kyhpd;

,izahj gy#yf ,iyfisf; nfhz;l Nky;kl;lr; #w;igapypUe;J cUthfpwJ.
$l;Lf;fdp xU kQ;rhpapd; midj;J kyh;fspypUe;Jk; cUthfpwJ. jpus; fdpahdJ xU
kyhpd; ,izahj gy#yf ,iyfisf; nfhz;l Nky;kl;lr; #w;igapypUe;J cUthfpwJ.
17. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s
glj;ij
tiue;J
fPo;fz;l
ghfq;fisf; Fwpf;fTk;.
m. vf;ird;
M. Foha; epA+f;spa];
18.
19.
20.
fdpfSk;/tpijfSk; guTjy; - nghUj;Jf.

tpilfs;
m) Ml;NlhNfhhp
m) Ml;NlhNfhhp
i) jhkiu
i) ghy;rk;
M mdpNkhNfhhp
M mdpNkhNfhhp
ii) biulhf;];
ii) biulhf;];
,) i`bNuhNfhhp
,) i`bNuhNfhhp
iii) ]he;jpak;
iii) jhkiu
<) #Nfhhp
<)
#Nfhhp
iv) ghy;rk;
iv) ]he;jpak;
fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s jFe;j nrhw;Fwpg;Gfisf; nfhz;L gj;jpia epug;Gf.
(tpij> fdp> kfue;jr; Nrh;f;if> guTjy;> fUTWjy;> Kisj;jy;> kyh;fs;> ,dg;ngUf;fk;)
uhK jd; je;ijAld; taYf;Fr; nrd;whd;. mtd; rpwpjsT fLF tpijfisj; J}tpdhd;. rpy
ehl;fSf;Fg; gpwF tpijfs;______ iyf; ftdpj;jhd;. me;j tpijfs; jhtuq;fshf tsh;r;rp
mile;J ______ fisj; Njhw;Wtpj;jd. ,e;j kyh;fs; cUthf;fpa kfue;jj;Jhs; _______ %yk;
#y;Kbia mile;jd. _______ epfo;tpd; NghJ Mz; NfkPl; mz;lj;Jld; ,izfpwJ.
1. Kisj;jy;
2. kyh;fs; 3. kfue;j Nrh;f;if
4. fUTWjy;
njd;idapy;> fdp ePhpd; %yk; (i`bNuhNfhhp) guTfpd;wJ. Njq;fha; fhw;wpd; %yk; (mdpNkhNfhhp)
guTtjhf vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;> ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;ba jftikg;Gfs; ,uz;bidf; Fwpg;gpLf.
m) fhw;wpy; ntFJ}uk; kpje;J nry;y Ntz;Lkhdhy; rpwpajhfTk; ,NyrhfTk; Jfs;fshfTk;
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. M) fhw;wpy; vLj;Jr; nry;tjw;F VJthf Nkw;gug;gpy; tshpfSk; rt;T Nghd;w
,wFfSk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
5 ghY}l;bfs; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-3)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
ghY}l;bfSf;Fhpa jdpg; gz;Gfs; ,uz;bidf; Fwpg;gpLf.

1) Gw mLf;F cNuhkq;fs; 2) ghy; Rug;gpfs;
gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; ,uz;L vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUf.
m) mirNghLk; tpyq;Ffs;
- ML> khL.
M) fly;tho; ghY}l;bfs;
- jpkpq;fyk;> lhy;gpd;.
ghYhl;bfspd; fhzg;gLk; gy;yikg;G ahJ? ahidapd; je;jk; vjd; khWghL?
m) NtWgl;l gy; mikg;G.
M) ahidapd; je;jk; ntl;Lk; gw;fspd; khwghL.
ghiytdr; #oypy; tho xl;lfk; ngw;Ws;s jftikg;Gfspd; ehd;fpidf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1) ePiu <h;j;Jf; nfhs;Sk; M];khl;br; nry;fs;.
2) mlh;j;jpahd fz; GUtq;fs;.
3) kzy; Jfs; cs;Ns Gfhjgbahd ehrpj;Jisfs;.
4) nkj;ij Nghd;w ghjq;fs;.
kPnahyp vjpnuhypj;jy; %yk; vjph;g;gLk; nghUs;fis mwpjy; vd;why; vd;d? vLj;Jf;fhl;Lj; jUf.
,utpy; cyTk; ntsthy; gwf;Fk; NghJ cah;Ruj;jpy; fPr;rpLk; kPnahypia ntspg;gLj;Jjy;
%yk; gwf;Fk; g+r;rpfs; vjph;gLk; nghUl;fis mwpe;Jnfhs;fpwJ.
ghYhl;bfspd; ,jaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; thy;TfSk; mtw;wpd; miktplq;fisAk; vOJf.
%tpjo; thy;T
- tyJ Mhpf;fps; kw;Wk; tyJ ntz;l;upf;fps; ,ilNa
<hpjo; thy;T
- ,lJ Mhpf;fps;
kw;Wk; ,lJ ntz;l;upf;fps; ,ilNa
gy;kdhpthy;T
- tyJ ntz;l;hpf;fps; kw;Wk; EiuaPuy; jkdpf;F ,ilNa
ngUe;jkdp thy;T
- ,lJ ntz;l;hpf;fps; kw;Wk; kfhngUe;jkdpf;F ,ilNa
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- 24 -
10 mwptpay;
ntw;wpf;F top
7.
ghYl;bfspd; jkdp> rpiufs; ,tw;wpf;fpilNa cs;s NtWghLfspy; ehd;fpidf; Fwpg;gpLf.

jkdpfs;
rpiufs;
,jaj;jpypUe;J Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l Mf;]p[d;
jpRf;fspypUe;J Rj;jpfhpf;fg;glhj fhu;gd; il
epiwe;j ,uj;jj;ij jpRf;fSf;F vLj;Jr;
Mf;irL epiwe;j ,uj;jj;ij ,jaj;jpw;F
nry;Yk;.
vLj;Jr; nry;Yk;.
Eiuapuy; jkdp kl;Lk; Rj;jpfhpf;fg;glhj
Eiuapuy; rpiu kl;Lk; Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l
,uj;jj;ij nfhz;L nry;Yk;.
,uj;jj;ij vLj;Jr; nry;Yk;.
,jaj;jpypUe;J nry;tjhy; ,uj;jk; mjpf
Fiwe;j mOj;jj;Jld; nry;Yk;.
Ntfj;JlDk; mOj;jj;JlDk; nry;Yk;.
jkdpfs; clypd; Moj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;.
rpiufs; clypd; Nkw;gug;GfspNyNa nry;Yk;.
8. ,uj;jj;jpd; gpsh];kh gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; gpsh];kh GNuhl;Bd;fs; %d;wpidf; Fwpg;gpLf.
mtw;wpd; gzpfisAk; Fwpg;gpLf.
1) FNshGypd;
- Neha; vjph;g;ghw;wYf;F mtrpakhdJ
2) /igg;hpNdh[d;
- ,uj;jk; ciwjypy; gq;Nfw;Fk;
3) My;Gkpd;
- ePh; rkepiyia rPuhf;FfpwJ.
9. cl;fU ,y;yhj ,uj;jr; nry;fs; ahit? cl;fUtpd;wp ,Ug;gjhy; vd;d gad;?
1) ,uj;j rptg;gZf;fs; 2) ,jpy; cl;fUTf;F gjpyhf mjpf msT `PNkhFNshgpd;
epug;ggLtjhy; Mf;rp[d; mjpf msT vLj;Jr; nry;y KbfpwJ.
10. ,uj;j ciwjypy; gq;FngWk; gpsh];kh GNuhl;Bd;fs;> ,uj;j mZf;fs; ahit?
1) gpsh];kh GNuhl;Bd; - /igg;hpNdh[d;
2) ,uj;j mZf;fs;
- ,uj;jj; jl;Lfs;.
11. m) rpWePufj;jpd; mikg;G> nray; myFfs; ahit? M) rpWePh; ntspNaWk; ghijapd;
mbg;gilapy; kdpj fopT ePf;f kz;lyj;jpYs;s gpd;tUk; cWg;Gfis thpirg;gLj;Jf. (rpWePh;
ehsk;> rpWePh;Gwtop> rpWePufk;> rpWePh;g;ig)
m) neg;uhd;fs;
M) rpWePufk; rpWePh; ehsk;
rpWePh;ig
rpWePh;Gwtop.
12. gpd;tUk; ghYhl;bfspd; ,uj;j Row;rpia tpsf;Fk; epuy;glj;jpid
cw;WNehf;fTk;.
i) fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s rhpahd ,uj;jf;Foha;fs; A, B, C, D ia
Njh;e;njLf;f.
m) EiuaPuy; rpiu
M) ngUQ;rpiufs;
,) EiuaPuy; jkdp <) kfhjkdp
ii) P, Q, R, S khjphpfspy; rhpahd ,iziaj; Njh;e;njLf;f.

m) P kw;Wk; Q = Mf;]p[Ndw;w. R kw;Wk; S = Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; milahj
M) P kw;Wk; Q = Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; mw;w. R kw;Wk; S = Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; mile;j
,) midj;Jk; Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; mile;jJ.
<) midj;Jk; Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; milahjJ.
i) A - ngUQ;rpiufs; B C - Eiuapuy; rpiu D

ii) rhpahd ,iz:
M) PQ - Mf;]p[Ndw;wk;
RS - Mf;]p[Ndw;wk;
13.
Eiuapuy; jkdp
- kfhjkdp.
mw;w
mile;j ,uj;jj;ij nfhz;L nry;fpwJ.
gpd;tUk; gj;jpiag; gbf;fTk;:

ngUk;ghyhd KJnfYk;gpfs; jhilfisg; ngw;W mjpy; gw;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. jhilfspy;
gw;fs;
mike;Js;s Kiwf;Fg; gy;tikg;G vd;W ngah;. ghYhl;bfspy; fhzg;gLk; gy;NtW
tpjkhf gw;fs; gpd;tUkhW> ntl;Lk; gw;fs;(I ) Nfhiug;gw;fs; (C) Kd; filtha; gw;fs; (P)
kw;Wk; gpd; filtha;g;gw;fs; (M). mit KiaNa fbg;gjw;Fk;> fpopg;gjw;Fk;> nky;Ytjw;Fk;
miug;gjw;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. khkpr cz;zpfspy; Nfhiug;gw;fs; khkprj;ijf; fpopg;gjw;F
ed;F tsh;r;rp mile;Js;sJ. ,e;j Nfhiug;gw;fs; cz;zpfspy; Fiwthf tsh;r;rp
mile;Js;sJ. ,e;j Nfhiug;gw;fs; jhtu cz;zpfspy; Fiwthf tsh;r;rp mile;Njh my;yJ
,y;yhkNyh fhzg;gLfpwJ.
gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f:
i) jtisapd; Nky; jhilapy; xNu khjphpahd gw;fs; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; kdpjdpd;
khWgl;Ls;sJ. kdpjdpy; fhzg;gLk; ,j;jifa gy;yikg;Gfs;_________ vd;W ngah;.
m) N`hNkhlhd;l; tif M) [Nrhlhd;l; tif ,) n`l;bNuhlhd;l; tif <) mf;Nuhlhd;l; tif
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ii) ghYhl;bfspd; gy;#j;jpuk; ICMP=2023/1023 vd;W vOjg;gl;lhy; ,jpy; ,lk; ngwhj

gw;fspd; tif_________
m) (I) ntl;Lk; gw;fs;
M) (C) Nfhiug;gw;fs;
,) (P) Kd;filtha; gw;fs;
<) (M) gpd;filtha;g;gw;fs;
14. tpLgl;l ,dq;fis rhpahd tpil nfhz;L epug;Gf.
thy;Tfs;
,Ug;gplk;
Ntiy
<hpjo; thy;T (m) ,lJ Mupf;fpNsh
,lJ ntz;l;hpfpspypUe;J ,lJ Vl;hpaj;jpw;F
kpl;uy; thy;T
ntz;l;hpFyhh; Jisapy;
,uj;jk; gpd; nry;Yjiy jtph;f;Fk;.
%tpjo; thy;T
tyJ Mhpf;fpNyh
tyJ Mhpf;fpypUe;J tyJ ntz;l;hpf;fpSf;F
ntz;l;hpf;fpyhh; Jisapy;
,uj;jk; nry;Yjiyf; fl;Lg;gL;jJfpwJ.
,jaj;jpypUe;J ,uj;jj;ij jpRf;fSf;F
ngUe;jkdp
ngUe;jkdp Njhd;Wk;
vLj;Jr nry;Yk; Kf;fpa ehsk;
thy;T
,lj;jpy;
gpiwr;re;jpud;
ngUe;jkdp kw;Wk; EiuaPuy; ngUe;jkdpapypUe;J ,uj;jk; ,lJ
thy;T
jkdp Gwg;gLk; ,lj;jpy;
ntz;l;hpf;fSf;F tUtij jtph;f;Fk;.
15. ntt;NtW tho;tplq;fspy; tho;fpd;w caphpdq;fs; me;je;j tho;tplq;fSf;F Vw;wthW
jf;ftho;f;if Kiw> czTg; gof;fk;> cly; mikg;GfSld; tho;fpd;wd. ,jw;F jftikg;G
vd;W ngah;. ghYhl;bapd; rpwg;ghd jftikg;gpidj; Njh;e;njLf;f. m) fly;tho; ghYhl;bahd
jpkpq;fyk;> jdJ cly; ntg;gj;ij rPuhfg; guhkhpf;f ngw;Ws;s jftikg;G :- (jhil gyPd;
jl;Lfshf khwpaJ/ Kd;iffs; JLg;Gfshf khwpaJ/ NjhYf;fbapy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;l nfhOg;G) M)
czit fz;lwptjw;fhd ntsthypd; jftikg;G : - (Kd;iffs; ,wf;ifahf khwpaJ/ fhy;fs;
%ykhf jiyfPohfj; njhq;Fjy; / gwj;jypd; NghJ cah; Ruj;jpy; fPr;rpLk; xyp ntspg;gLj;Jjy;)
m) NjhYf;fbapy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;;l nfhOg;G
M) gwj;jypd; NghJ cah; Ruj;jpy; fPr;rpLk; xyp ntspg;gLjy;.
16. clypd; kh];lh; nfkp];l; vd;W rpWePufk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ-fhuzk; fz;lwpe;J vOJf.
m) clypd; ngwg;gLk; midj;J Ntjpg;nghUs;fSk; rpW ePufj;jpy; ngwg;gLfpd;wd.
M) rpWePufk;> ,uj;jj;jpd; NtjpapiaG rk epiyiag; NgZfpwJ.
,) rpWePufk;> clypd; ngWk; midj;J Ntjpg;nghUs;fisAk; ntspNaw;WfpwJ.
<) rpWePufk;> clypd; midj;J Ntjpg;nghUs;fisAk; Nrkpj;J itj;Jf;nfhs;fpwJ.
6. tho;f;if ,af;fr; nray;fs; muRj;Nju;T tpdh-3)
1. A,B Fwpapl;l jhtuj; jz;bd; th];Fyhh; jpRf;fspd; ngah;fis Fwpg;gpLf.
m) A>B-d; ngah;fs; M) A apd; topahff; flj;jg;gLk; nghUs;fs; ahit?
,) B apd; topahff; flj;jg;gLk; nghUs;fs; ahit?
<) vt;thW Aapd; topahfg; nghUl;fs;
,iyfSf;F flj;jg;gLfpd;wd?
m) A-iryk; B-GNshak;
M) ePh; kw;Wk; fdpkg; nghUs;fs;.
,) czT kw;Wk; mkpNdh mkpyq;fs; flj;jg;gLfpwJ.
<) Ntu; mOj;jk;> rt;T+L guty; kw;Wk; ePuhtpg; Nghf;fpdhy;
2. czt+l;lk; vd;why; vd;d? ve;j tifahd czt+l;lk; gRe;jhtuq;fspYk; ngUk;ghyhd
tpyq;fpdq;fspYk; fhzg;gLfpwJ?
1) ehk; cz;Zk; czNt Mw;wYf;fhd Mjhuk;. czT cl;nfhs;Sjy; %yk; Mw;wiyg;
ngWtJ czt+l;lk; vdg;gLk;.
2) gRe;jhtuq;fspy; jw;rhu;G czT+l;lKk; tpyq;Ffspy; gpwrhu;G czT+l;lKk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
3. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Cl;lKiwfNshL, mtw;wpd; rpwg;G cWg;Gfis jf;f vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld;
nghUj;Jf. ([{d; 2012> Vg; 2014)
jw;rhh;G Cl;lKiw
ikf;Nfhiurh Nth;fs;
f];Fl;lh
xl;Lz;zpfs;
gr;irak;
khNdhl;Nuhgh
kl;Fz;zpfs;
`h];Nlhhpaq;fs;
i`gp];f];
jw;rhh;G Cl;lKiw
gr;irak;
i`gp];f];
xl;Lz;zpfs;
`h];Nlhhpaq;fs;
f];Fl;lh
kl;Fz;zpfs;
ikf;Nfhiurh Nth;fs;
khNdhl;Nuhgh
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
ntw;wpf;F top
fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; glj;ijf; ftdpf;f. (khu;r; 2013)

m) glk; A kw;Wk; B y; fhzg;gLk; ,af;fq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
M) vt;thW ,t;tpaf;fq;fs; njhl;lhy; rpZq;fp ,iyfspd;
,af;fq;fspypUe;J NtWgLfpd;wd?
m) ,af;fk;:A - Gtp <h;g;Gj; jpir rhh;G ,af;fk;. (Gtpia Nehf;fptsUtJ)
B - xspj;jpir rhh;G ,af;fk;. (R+upa xspia Nehf;fp tsUtJ)
,it ,uz;Lk; tsu;r;rp rhu; ,af;fk;.
M) njhl;lhy; rpZq;fp ,iyfspd; ,af;fk;:
. ,q;F tsh;r;rpapy;iy vdNt ,t;tpaf;fk; tsh;r;rp rhuh ,af;fk;.
fhw;wpyhr; Rthrpj;jypy; vd;gJ 6 fhh;gd; nfhz;l Nrh;kk;. yhf;bf; mkpyk; vd;gJ . fhpkr;
Nrh;kk;. (nrg; 2013)
fhw;wpyhr; Rthrpj;jypy; FSf;Nfh]; vd;gJ 6 fhh;gd; nfhz;l Nrh;kk;. yhf;bf; mkpyk;
vd;gJ 3 fhh;gd; nfhz;l fhpkr; Nrh;kk;.
rh;f;fiu fiury; My;f`hyhf khw;wkilfpwJ. (khu;r; 2012> [{d; 2013> [_d; 2014)
m) Nkw;fz;l nraypy; vj;jifa epfo;r;rp eilngWfpwJ.
M) ve;j Ez;Zaphp <LgLfpwJ.
m) rh;f;fiuf; fiury; My;f`hyhf khw;wkilAk;NghJ eilngWk; epfo;r;rp nehjpj;jy; MFk;.
M) nehjpj;jy; epfo;r;rpapy; <];l; vd;w Ez;Zaphp <LgLfpwJ
kdpjdpd; Rthrf; fhw;whdJ . topahf . f;Fs; nry;fpwJ. kPd;fspy; ePuhdJ . topahf
clYf;Fs; nrd;W, ePhpy; fiue;Js;s Mf;]p[d; .. f;Fs; guTfpwJ.
kdpjdpy; Rthrf; fhw;whdJ ehrpj;Jis topahf EiuaPuYf;Fs; nry;fpwJ. kPd;fspy;
ePuhdJ tha; topahf clYf;Fs; nrd;W, ePhpy; fiue;Js;s Mf;]p[d; ,uj;jj;jpw;Fs; guTfpwJ.
Nth; xl;Lz;zpfSf;F ,uz;L vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUf. mit Xk;GaphpfsplkpUe;J
czTg;nghUs;fis cwpQ;r ngw;Ws;s rpwg;G mikg;G ahJ?
Ntu; xl;Lz;zpfs;: f];Fl;lh> tp];fk;
rpwg;G mikg;Gfs;: `h];Nlhhpaq;fs; vDk; rpwg;G Nth;fs;.
kl;Fz;zpfs; vd;why; vd;d? ,uz;L vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUf.
jhNk czT jahhpf;f Kbahky; ,we;JNghd jhtu tpyq;F cly;fspd; fhpkg; nghUs;fspypUe;J
jkJ czitg; ngWk; jhtuq;fs; kl;Fz;zp jhtuq;fshFk;. v.fh: g+Q;ir> ghf;Bhpah
kdpjdpd; rPuz kz;lyj;jpd; ePsk; vd;d? rPuz kz;lyj;jpd; ghfq;fis czT nry;Yk;
mbg;gilapy; thpirf;fpukkhf vOJf.
kdpjdpd; rPuz kz;lyj;jpd; ePsk; : 9kP
tha; tha;f;Fop njhz;il czTf;Foy; ,iug;ig
rpWFly; ngUq;Fly; kyf;Fly; kytha;.
Rthrpj;jy; vd;why; vd;d? fhw;Ws;s Rthrpj;jYf;fhd Ntjpr;rkd;ghl;bid vOJf.
czTg; nghUl;fis Mf;]pfuzk; milar; nra;J Mw;wiy ATP tbtpy;
Nrkpg;gjw;fhf fhw;W kz;lyj;jpy; cs;s Mf;]p[id xh; caphpdk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; epfo;Nt
Rthrpj;jy; MFk;.
rkd;ghL:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 2900KJ Mw;wy;
(FSf;Nfh];)
(ATP)
ePhpypUe;J ntspNa vLf;fg;gl;l kPd;fs; ePz;l Neuk; capUld; ,Uf;f KbahJ Vd;?
kPd;fs; ePhpy; fiue;Js;s Mf;]p[id ngWtjw;F nrTs;fs; vd;Dk; rpwg;G cWg;gpid
ngw;Ws;sd. kPd;fSf;F EiuaPuy; ,y;iy fhw;wpy; cs;s Mf;]p[id mit ngwKbahJ
vd;gjhy; ePhpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;l kPd;fs; ntFNeuk; capNuhL ,Uf;f ,ayhJ.
mk;Nkhdpahnlypf;> a+hpNahnlypf; tpyq;Ffs; vd;why; vd;d? vLj;Jfhl;L fs; jUf.
mk;Nkhdpahnlypf;:
mk;Nkhdpahit fopTg; nghUshf ntspapLk; tpyq;Ffs; mk;Nkhdpahnlypf; tpyq;Ffs; vd;W
ngah;. v.fh: kPd;fs;.
A+hpNahnlypf;:
A+hpahit fopTg; nghUshf ntspNaw;Wgit a+hpNahnlypf; tpyq;FfshFk;. v.fh: ghYhl;bfs;
njhl;lhy; rpZq;fpj; jhtuj;jpy; njhLk;NghJ Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jpid tpsf;Ff.
1) njhl;lhy; rpZq;fp ,iyfis njhl;lTld; mit RUq;fp jkJ Jyq;fiy ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.
2) njhL czh;it flj;Jk; rpwg;G jpRf;fs; VJk; ,y;yhtpl;lYk; J}z;ly; flj;jg;gLfpwJ.
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3) ,jd; ,iyabg;gFjpapy; cs;s ghud;ifkh nry;fspy; ePh; cl;GFjy; ntspNaWjy;

fhuzkhf rpw;wpiyfspy; tpiug;gOj;jk; Vw;gl;L ,iyfs; RUq;fp tphpfpd;wd.
15.
1.
jhtuq;fspy; eilngWk; ePuhtpg;Nghf;fpid tpsf;Fk; khjphp

mikg;gpid cw;WNehf;Ff. fPo;f;fz;l nghUs;fs;
jhtuq;fspd; ve;j mikg;Gld; xg;gplg;gLfpwJ?
1. flw; gQ;R 2.ePh; epiwe;j fz;zhb Foha;
1. flw; gQ;R: ,iyfspy; cs;s ,iyj;Jisfs;.
2. ePh; epiwe;j fz;zhb Foha;: iryf;Foha; nfhz;l
jhtu jz;Lg;gFjp ,iyj;JisfspypUe;J ePuhtpg;Nghf;F
Vw;gLtijAk; mjdhy; Vw;gLk; mOj;jf;FiwT jz;by;
iryf; Foha;fs; ePiu cwpQ;rp ,iyfSf;Ff;
flj;JtijAk; ,J fhl;LfpwJ.
7- Rw;Wr; #oy; ghJfhg;G (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

gpd;tUtdtw;iw cw;gj;jpahsh;fs;> gy tifahd Efh;Nthh;fs;> rpijg;gitfs; vd
tifg;gLj;Jf.
m) tz;zj;Jg; g+r;rp
M) ntl;Lf;fpsp
,) xzhd;
<) ghk;Gfs;
c) nrk;gUj;jp
C) iel;Nuhghf;Bhpah
m) tz;zj;Jg; g+r;rp - Kjy;epiy Efh;Nthh;
M) ntl;Lf;fpsp - Kjy;epiy Efh;Nthh;
,) xzhd;
- ,uz;lhk;epiy Efh;Nthh;
<) ghk;Gfs;
- %d;whk;epiy Efh;Nthh;
c) nrk;gUj;jp
- cw;gj;jpahsh;
C) iel;Nuhghf;Bhpah - rpijg;git
2.
thoplj;ijg; nghWj;J caphpdq;fs; gy;NtW jftikg;Gfisg; ngw;Ws;sd.

gpd;tUtdtw;iw nghUj;Jf.
tpilfs;
m) kPd;fs;
,wFfs;
JLg;G
M) xl;lfk;
jbj;j Njhy;
jbj;j Njhy;
,) jtis
JLg;G
tpuypil rt;Tila gpd;dq;fhy;fs;
<) gwitfs;
tpuypil rt;Tila gpd;dq;fhy;fs; ,wFfs;
3.
Nfhbl;l ,lj;ij epug;Gf.

m) tpyq;fpdq;fs; Rthrpj;jypd; NghJ _________ ntspaplg;gLfpwJ.
M) #hpaxspapd; Kd;dpiyapy; jhtuq;fshy; jahhpf;fg;gLk; nghUs; _______ MFk;.
m) CO2 M) fhu;Nghi`l;Nul; / (FSf;Nfh];)
4.
ghf;Bhpaq;fSk; g+Q;irfSk; ,we;JNghd my;yJ mOfpa jhtu> tpyq;Ffis g+kpapy; rpijf;ff;

fhuzkhfpd;wd. rpije;j nghUs;fs; kWRow;rpf;F cl;gLk;NghJ> jhtuq;fspd; tsh;r;rpf;F
gad;gLfpwJ. ,ij ehk; vd;dntd;W miof;fyhk;?
ghf;Bupahf;fs; G+Q;irfs; - rpijg;git> rpijf;fg;gl;L jhtu tsu;r;rpf;F gad;gLtJ - cuk;
5.
gpd;tUk; gj;jpiag; gbj;J jFe;j tpiliaf; fz;lwpe;J Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf.

(jPq;F tpistpg;gJ> fd cNyhfq;fs;> fhh;gd;-il-Mf;i]L> fe;jf Jfs;fs;)
ghjurk;> ANudpak;> Njhhpak;> Mh;rdpf;> . fye;j fyitapypUe;J ntspNaw;wg;gLk;
fopTg;nghUs;fs; kdpjDf;F kl;Lkpd;wp #o;epiyiaAk; ghjpf;fpd;wJ. epyf;fhpapy;
cs;s . mkpykio cUthf fhuzkhtNjhL kl;Lky;yhky;> gRikaf thA> .
ntspNaw;wg;gl;L fhyepiy khWghl;bw;Fk; Gtpntg;g khWjYf;Ff; fhuzkhfpwJ.
1) fd cNyhfq;fs; 2) jPq;F tpistpg;gJ 3) fe;jf Jfs;fs; 4) fhh;gd;-il-Mf;i]L
6.
gpd;tUtdtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp czTr; rq;fpypia cUthf;Ff.

ghk;G> Gy;> fOF> jtis> ntl;Lf;fpsp.
Gy; ntl;Lf;fpsp jtis ghk;G fOF.
7.
gpd;tUk; caphpdq;fisf; nfhz;L ePh;r;#oypd; fhzg;gLk; czTr;rq;fpypia vOJf. (rpwpa kPd;>

jhtu kpjit caphp> kPd;nfhj;jp> tpyq;F kpjit caphp)
jhtu kpjit caphp tpyq;F kpjit caphp rpwpa kPd; kPd;nfhj;jp.
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8.
gpd;tUk; czTtiyia cw;WNehf;fp jtwhd $w;iwj; Njh;e;njLf;f.

m) i) A cw;gj;jpahsh;
ii) F jhtu cz;zp
iii) H midj;Jz;zp
iv) I ,Wjp Cd; cz;zp.
M) glj;jpYs;s czTtiyapy; vj;jid czTr; rq;fpypfs;
cs;sd. vd;gijf; fz;Lgpbf;f.
m) jtwhd $w;W: iv) I ,Wjp Cd; cz;zp.
M) glj;jpy; cs;s czTr;rq;fpypfs;: 10
9. gpd;tUk; caph;-Ntjpa Row;rpiaf; fz;lwpe;J gpd;tUk;
tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f.
m) vt;tif Cl;lg;nghUs; ghpkhWfpwJ.
M) m Kjy; < tiu eilngWk; nray;fs; ahit?
m) fhh;gd; / fhu;gd;-il-Mf;irL
M) (m) xspr;Nrh;f;if (M) Rthrpj;jy;
(,) vhpjy;
(<) rpijj;jy;
10. fPOs;s czTr; rq;fpypiag; gbj;J Kiwg;gLj;jp mjid Mw;wy; gpukplhf khw;Wf. (khu;r;
2012>13> [{d; 2013> fhM 2014)
ky;nghp
FUtp
fk;gspG+r;rp
gUe;J
czTr; rq;fpyp :
11.
12.
ky;nghp fk;gspG+r;rp FUtp gUe;J
Mw;wy; gpukPL :
nfhLf;fg;gl;l vLj;Jf;fhl;bidg; gbj;J fPo;fz;l
tpdhf;fSf;fhd tpilapidj; jUf.
m) A my;yJ B NfhLfspy; vJ Mw;wy; xOq;fpidf;
Fwpf;fpwJ? mjw;fhd fhuzj;ij $Wf.
M) rpijg;gtw;wpw;F xU vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf.
m) B-MdJ Mw;wy; xl;lj;ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. fhuzk;
xU R+o;epiy kz;lyj;jpy; Mw;wy; Xl;lk; xNu
jpirapy; nry;yf;$baJ. Row;rpaw;wJ.
M) ghf;Bupahf;fs; kw;Wk; G+Q;irfs;.
m. 1 kw;Wk; 3-y; fhzg;gLk; epfo;r;rpfis vOJf.
M. epfo;T 1I tiuaWf;f.
m) 1- xspr; Nru;f;if 3- Rthrpj;jy;
M) jhtuq;fs; ePu;> R+upa xsp fhh;gd;-ilMf;i]L Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;L ,iyfspy;
cs;s gr;iraj;jpd; cjtpahy; fhu;Ngh i`l;Nul;
jahupf;Fk; epfo;r;rp xspr;Nru;f;if MFk;
8 - fopT ePH Nkyhz;ik (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-3)

1. A kw;Wk; B efuq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; njhw;W Neha;fs;
gl;il tiuglkhf nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
m) efuk; A apy; fhzg;gLk; Neha;f;F vd;d fhuzk;?
M) ve;efuj;jpw;F fopT ePf;fk; kw;Wk; J}a;ik kpf mjpf
mstpy; Njitg;gLfpwJ?
,) A efuj;jpy; cs;s Nehapid vt;thW fl;Lg;gLj;Jtha;?
m) nfhRf;fs; ngUf;fk;> J}a;ikapd;ik> J}a;ikaw;w
1.nlq;F fha;r;ry;, 2.vypf; fha;r;ry;,
ePu;> Jg;GwT trjpfs; ,d;ik Nghd;wit fhuzk;.
3.fhyuh,
4.rpf;Fd; Fdpah
M) A efuj;jpw;F fopT ePf;fk; kw;Wk; J}a;ik Njit.
,) 1) NehAw;w kf;fis jdpikg;gLj;jp mtu;fSf;F rpfpr;ir mspf;f Vw;ghL nra;Ntd;
2) efupy; Neha; fpUkpfs; kw;Wk; nfhRf;fis mfw;w kUe;J njspg;Ngd;.
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3) Kiwahd jLg;G+rpfs; Nghl Vw;ghL nra;Ntd;

4) Kiwahd fopT ePh; Nkyhz;ik kw;Wk; fopg;giw trjpfs; nra;J jUNtd;
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
xu; Chpy;; 2008 - 2009 Mk; Mz;by; Vw;gl;l njhw;W Neha;fspd;

tptuk; tl;l tiuglkhf nfhLf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ. ,jid $h;e;J
Nehf;fp fPo;fz;ltw;wpw;F tpilaspf;fTk;. (nrg; 2013> [{d; 2013> Vg; 2014)
m. ngUk;ghyhd kf;fisj; jhf;fpa Neha;fs; ahit?
M. vt;thW ,e;j Neha;fs; guTfpd;wd?
,. kw;w ,U Neha;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; VNjDk; %d;W Kiwfis vOJ.
m) nlq;F fha;r;ry; kw;Wk; rpf;Fd; Fdpah
M) ghjpf;fg;gl;l nfhRf;fs; kdpjid fbg;gjd; %yk; guTfpwJ.
,) 1) nfhjpf;f itj;J ePiu Fbg;gJ> 2) jLg;g+rp NghLtJ> 3) kdpj kw;Wk; tpyq;F fopTfs;
ePu; Mjhuq;fspy; fyf;fhky; ghu;j;Jf;nfhs;Sjy;> 4) vypfis fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk;
tpyq;Ffspd; rpWePu; kw;Wk; fopTfis Kiwahf mg;Gwg;gLj;JtJ.
khwpAs;s, jpUk;gg; ngw ,aYk; kw;Wk; jpUk;gg; ngw ,ayhj tsq;fis Kiwahf nghUj;Jf.
(Vg;2014> [_d;2014)
tsq;fs;
A
B
C
jpUk;gg; ngUk; tsq;fs;
fhp
fhw;W
ngl;Nuhypak;
jpUk;gg; ngw ,ayhj tsq;fs;
i`l;u[d; ,aw;if thA
#hpa xsp Mw;wy;
tsq;fs;
A
B
C
jpUk;gg; ngWk; tsq;fs;
i`l;u[d;
fhw;W
R+hpaxsp Mw;wy;
jpUk;gg; ngw ,ayhj tsq;fs;
fhp
,aw;if thA
ngl;Nuhypak;
nghUe;jhjij ePf;Ff. m. caphp My;f`hy;, gr;ir Bry;, caphp <jh;, ngl;Nuhypak;
M. fhyuh, ilgha;L, nrhwp rpuq;F, rPjNgjp.
nghUe;jhjitfs;: m) ngl;Nuhypak;
(jpUk;gg;ngw Kbahj tsk;)
M) nrhwp rpuq;F
(ePiu gad;gLj;jhjjhy; Vw;gLk; Neha;)
nghUe;jhjit ePf;fg;gl;l gpd; rupahd FO:
m) capup My;f`hy;> gr;ir Bry; capup <ju; (capup vupnghUl;fs;)
M) fhyuh> ilgha;L> rPjNgjp (ePuhy; guTk; Neha;fs;)
jpUk;gg; ngw ,ayhj tsk; vd;gJ xU ,aw;if tsk;. ,jid kdpj Efh;tpd; Ntfj;ij tpl
kpf Ntfkhf ,aw;if epfo;tpdhy; khw;wyhk;.
Nkw;fz;l $w;iw gbj;J, jtwhdjh my;yJ
rhpahdjh vd;gij cWjp nra;f. jtwhf ,Ue;jhy; rhpahd $w;wpidf; $W. ([_d; 2014)
Nkw;fz;l $w;W jtW.
rupahd $w;W: jpUk;gg; ngWk; tsk; vd;gJ xU ,aw;if tsk;.
,jid kdpj Efu;tpd; Ntfj;ij tpl kpf Ntfkhf ,aw;if epfo;tpdhy; khw;wyhk;.
Mw;wiyr; Nrkpf;f cjTk; rhjdq;fis fPo;fz;ltw;wpypUe;J Njh;e;njLf;fTk;. xspUk; gy;Gfs; ,
jhkpu kpd; mil, #hpa ePh; #Nlw;wp, kpd; ePh; #Nlw;wp, lq;];ld; tpsf;Ffs;, kpd;dD kpd; mil.
1. xspUk; gy;Gfs; (LED) 2. #hpa ePh; #Nlw;wp 3. kpd;dZ kpd; mil. (Electronic Choke)
Ntjpapay;
9 - fiury;fs; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-2)
1.
Ntjpg;nghUs;
fiujpwd; 250C ntg;gepiy
36 fp
NaCl
95 fp
NaBr
184 fp
NaI
Nkw;fz;l ml;ltizapypUe;J ePtPh; czUk; cz;ikfis vOJf.
fiug;nghUspd; jd;ik fiujpwidg; ghjpf;fpwJ. nfhLf;fg;gl;lit Nrhbak; kw;Wk;
N`y[d;fs; ,ize;j cg;Gf;fs;. Cl, Br, I tupirapy; mZ vz; kw;Wk; mZtpd; cUt msT
mjpfkhtjhy; Jfs;fSf;fpilNa ftu;r;rp tpir Fiwe;J fiujpwd; mjpfupf;fpwJ.
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2. njtpl;ba fiurYf;Fk; njtpl;lhj fiurYf;Fk; cs;s NtWghLfis fPo;f; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s

Fwpg;Gfs; %yk; vOJf. ([{d;2012>13> Vg;2014> fhM2014)
m) 16fp NaCl 100fp ePhpy;
M) 36fp NaCl 100fp ePhpy; (Fwpg;G: NaCld; fiujpwd; 36fp)
vz;
njtpl;lhj fiury;
njtpl;ba fiury;
1. 16fp NaCl 100fp ePhpy;
36fp NaCl 100fp ePhpy;
2. Fiwe;j msT fiunghUisf;
fiujpwDf;Fr; rkkhd mjpfgl;r fiunghUisf;
nfhz;lfiury;
nfhz;l fiury;
3. njtpl;Lk;epiy milAk; tiu rhjhuz Kiwapy; NkYk; fiunghUisf; fiuf;f
NkYk; ($Ljyhf 20fp NaCl) ,ayhJ. (fiuriy ntg;gg;gLj;jp NkYk; mjpfkhd fiunghUis
fiuj;jhy; mJ mjp njtpl;ba fiuryhf khWk;.)
fiu nghUisf; fiuf;fyhk;.
3. cz;ikf; fiuriy $o;kf;fiurypypUe;J NtWgLj;Jf.
cz;ikf; fiury;
$o;kf; fiury;
no
1. Jfs;fs; rpwpaJ. msT 1Ao 10Ao
Jfs;fs; rw;W ngupaJ. msT 10Ao 2000Ao
2. Jfs;fs; Ez;Nzhf;fp %yKk; njhptjpy;iy. Ez;Nzhf;fpahy; kl;LNk ghh;f;f ,aYk;
3. xU gbj;jhdit.
gy gbj;jhdit.
4. Xsp CLUTk;. rpjwr; nra;ahJ
xspiar; rpjwr; nra;Ak;.
5. v.fh. cg;Gf; fiury;
v.fh. ghy;
4. rh;f;fiuia> ePhpy; fiuj;J, miw ntg;gepiyapy; njtpl;ba fiuriy cUthf;fpa gpd;
Nkw;nfhz;L rh;f;fiuia fiuf;f KbAkh? Ek; vz;zj;ij jUf. (khur;2012> [{d;2013> [_d;2014)
mNj ntg;gepiyapy; fiuf;f ,ayhJ. fiuriy NkYk; R+LgLj;Jtjd; %yk; NkYk;
ru;f;fiuia fiuf;f KbAk;. mt;thW fiuj;j gpwF mJ mjp njtpl;baf; fiuryhf khWfpwJ.
5. 20fp rikay; cg;ig 50fp ePhpy; fiuj;jpUe;jhy; mf;fiury; nrwptpd; rjtPj epiwiaf; fzf;fpLf.
(mf;2012> fhM2014)
fiunghUs; epiw = 20 fp
fiug;ghdpd; epiw = 50 fp
6.
ts;sp rpwpjsT rhjhuz cg;G> ehg;jypd; cUz;ilfs;> fw;g+uk;> rikay; Nrhlh> ryit Nrhlh
Mfpatw;iw vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. mtw;iw ePh; my;yJ mrpl;Nlhdpy; fiuf;f Kad;whh;.
vjph;ghh;f;Fk; KbTfisf; nfhz;L ml;ltizia epug;Gf.
nghUs;
m) rhjhuz cg;G
M) ehg;jypd; cUz;ilfs;
,) fw;G+uk;
<) rikay; Nrhlh
c) ryit Nrhlh
fiuaf;$ba fiug;ghd;
fiuaf;$ba
fiug;ghd;
nghUs;
m) rhjhuz cg;G
M) ehg;jypd;
cUz;ilfs;
,) fw;G+uk;
ePH
mrpl;Nlhd;
<) rikay; Nrhlh

c) ryit Nrhlh
ePH
ePH
mrpl;Nlhd;
fhuzk;
fhuzk;
madp cg;G KidTw;w fiug;ghdpy; vspjpy; fiuAk;.
rfg;gpizg;G Nru;kk; vd;gjhy; ePhpy; fiuahJ.
fupkf;fiug;ghdpy; kl;LNk fiuAk;
rfg;gpizg;G Nru;kk; vd;gjhy; ePhpy; fiuahJ.
fupkf;fiug;ghdpy; kl;LNk fiuAk;
7. m) Fsph;ghdq;fspy; fiuf;fg;gLk; thA vJ?

M) mt;thAtpd; fiujpwid mjpfhpf;f ePq;fs; vd;d nra;tPh;fs;?
m) fhHgd; il Mf;i]L (CO2)
M) mOj;jj;ij mjpfhpg;Ngd;.
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8. Kfit A-y; ePhpy; rh;f;fiu fiuf;fg;gl;l fiurYk;> Kfit B-y; ePhpy; ];lhh;r; fiuf;fg;gl;l
fiurYk; cs;sJ.
m) vf;fiury; xspiar; rpjwbf;Fk;?
M) ve;j Kfitapy; g;nusdpad; ,af;fk; epfOk;?
,) Kfit A> Kfit B-y; cs;s fiurypd; tifia vOJf.;
<) ,U fiury;fSs; xUgbj;jhd fiury; vJ?
c) 10 A Kjy; 2000-A tiu cUt msTs;s Jfs;fs; ve;j Kfitapy; cs;sJ?
m) Kfit B y; cs;s fiury; ($o;kk;) xspia rpjwbf;Fk;.
M) Kfit B y; cs;s fiurypy; ($o;kk;) gpnusdpad; ,af;fk; epfOk;.
,) Kfit A - cz;ikf;fiury; Kfit B - $o;kf; fiury;
<) Kfit A xUgbj;jhd fiury;
c) Kfit B ($o;kk;)
tpilfs;:
9. gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; cUthFk; fiurypd; tiffis vOJf.
m) njtpl;lhj fiury;
m) 100 fpuhk; ePhpy; 20 fpuhk; NaCl
M) njtpl;ba fiury;
M) 100 fpuhk; ePhpy; 36 fpuhk; NaCl
,) mjpnjtpl;ba fiury;
o
,) 80 C apy; 100 fpuhk; ePhpy; 45 fpuhk; NaCl
<) ePuw;w fiury;
<) CS2-y; fiuf;fg;gl;l fe;jfk;;
c) njtpl;ba fiury;
c) kz;zpYs;s iel;u[d;.
10. gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; gphpif epiyik> gphpif Clfj;ijf; fz;lwpf.
m) ghyhilf;fl;b
M) Nrhlh ePh; ,) Gif
m) ghyhilf;fl;b : gphpif epiyik - ePu;
gpupif Clfk; - jpz;k Cl;lg;nghUl;fs;
M) Nrhlh ePh;
: gphpif epiyik - fhu;gd;i-il-Mf;irL
gpupif Clfk; - ePu;
,) Gif
: gphpif epiyik - fupj;J}s;
gpupif Clfk; - fhw;W
11. ,uhjh tbfl;Ljy; %yk; gphpf;fg;gLk; xU fiuriyj; jahhpj;jhh;.
m) mf;fiury; vt;tifiar; rhh;e;jJ?
M) mf;fiury; xspiaj; jd; topNa mDkjpf;Fkh? mDkjpf;fhjh?
,) mf;fiurypd; ,ay;gpid vOJf.
<) fiunghUs; Jfspd; cUtsT ahJ?
m) njhq;fy;
M) ,f;fiurypd; Jfs;fs; xspia jk;top nry;y mDkjpf;fhJ.
,) mJ gygbj;jhd fiury;. xspGfhJ. xspiar; rpjwbf;fhJ.
<) 2000 A0 f;F Nky;
12.
Nkw;$wpa epfo;tpy; rpwpJ Neuk; fopj;J Nrfh; ePh; ,dpg;ghf
khwpaijf; fz;lwpe;jhd;> ,jw;fhdf; fhuzk; $Wf.
ru;f;fiuf; fiury; xU cz;ikfiurYf;F cjhuzk; MFk;. cz;ikf; fiurypy; cs;s
Jfs;fspd; cUt msT kpfTk; rpwpaJ. (1 A0 Kjy; 10 A0) NkYk; ru;f;fiu %yf;$Wfs; vspjpy;
tpuTk; jd;ik nfhz;lJ. ,J Ez;Jisg; ghj;jpuk; topahf CLUtpg; guTtjhy; ePuhdJ
,dpg;ghf khWfpwJ.
13. Kfit A apy; Rz;zhk;Gj;J}Sk; ePUk; fye;j fyit cs;sJ. Kfit B apy; Gujk; ePhpy;
fiue;j fiury; cs;sJ.
m) vf;fiury; g;nusdpad; ,af;fj;ijg; ngw;ws;sJ?
M) 2000 A f;F Nky; Jfspd; cUtsitf; nfhz;Ls;s fiuriyf; fz;lwpf.
,) ve;j Kfitapy; $o;kf; fiury; cs;sJ?
<) Kfit B apy; cs;s Jfspd; cUtsitf; Fwpg;gpLf.
c) $o;kf; fiury; xUgbj;jhd fiuryh? my;yJ gy gbj;jhd fiuryh?
m) Kfit B-y; cs;s fiury; M) Kfit A-y; cs;s fiury;
,) B Kfitapy; <) B apy; cs;s Jfspd; msT 10A0 to 2000A0
c) $o;kk; xU gygbj;jhd fiury; MFk;.
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14. tpilfSf;fhd rhpahd tpsf;fk; jUf.

m) Rl;lRz;zhk;gpd; fiujd;ik ntg;gepiy mjpfhpg;ghy; Fiwfpd;wJ.
M) ntg;g ckpo;tpidapy; ntg;gepiy mjpfkhdhy; fiujd;ik vt;thW khWgLk;?
,) ntg;gk; nfhs;tpidapy; ntg;gepiy mjpfkhdhy; fiujd;ik mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ.
<) Fwpg;gpl;l ntg;gepiyapy; thA tputpa ePh;kf; fiurypy; mOj;j mjpfhpg;ghy; fiujd;ik
mjpfhpf;Fk;.
m) ,J ntg;g ckpo;tpid vd;gjhy; mjpf ntg;gj;jpy; Rl;lRz;zhk;gpd; fiujd;ik FiwAk;.
M) ntg;g ckpo;tpidapy; ntg;gepiy mjpfkhdhy; fiujd;ik FiwAk;.
,) ntg;gk;nfhs; tpidapd;NghJ %yf;$Wfspd; ,af;fk; mjpfupg;ghy; fiujd;ik mjpfkhFk;.
<) xU Fwpg;gpl;l ntg;gepiyapy;> xU Fwpg;gp;l;l gUkdsT ePuk
; j;jpy; fiue;Js;s thAtpd;
epiw mjd; kPJ nrYj;jg;gl;l mOj;jj;jpw;F Neu;tpfpjg; nghUj;jKilaJ. vd;w
n`d;wpd; tpjpg;gb mOj;j mjpfupg;ghy; fiujpwd; mjpfupf;Fk;.
10. mZf;fSk; %yf;$WfSk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)
1. fPOs;s vLj;Jf;fhl;LfspypUe;J INrhNlhg;> INrhghHfis milahsk; fhz;f.
35
40
37
( 18Ar40,
)
([{d;2012> [_d;2014)
17Cl ,
20Ca ,
17Cl
35
37
40
40
INrhNlhg;Gfs; = 17Cl
INrhghh;fs;
= 18Ar
17Cl
20Ca
2. iel;u[dpd; %yf;$W epiw 28. mjd; mZepiw 14. iel;u[dpd; mZf;fl;L vz;iz fhz;f.(Vg;2014)
3.
Mf;]p[dpd; fpuhk; %yf;$W epiw 32fp mjd; mlh;j;jp 1.429fp/f.nrkP. Mf;]p[dpd; fpuhk;
%yf;$W gUkidf; fz;lwpf. (fhM2014)
4.
Cl vd;gJ FNshhpd; mZitAk;> Cl2 vd;gJ FNshhpd; %yf;$iwAk; Fwpg;git vdpy;

mZf;fSf;Fk;, %yf;$WfSf;Fk; cs;s NtWghLfis ml;ltizg;gLj;Jf.([{d;13)
mZf;fs; (Cl)
%yf;$Wfs; (Cl2)
Ntjptpidapy; <LgLk; xU jdpkj;jpd; kpfr;rpwpa Jfs;
xU jdpkk; my;yJ Nrh;kj;jpd;
mZthFk;
mZf;fspd; njhFjp %yf;$whFk;
gpizg;Gwhj Jfs;. FwpaPL Cl
gpizg;Gw;w Jfs;. FwpaPL Cl2
jdpj;Njh my;yJ Nrh;e;Njh fhzg;gLk;. (Cl mZitg;
jdpj;Jf; fhzg;gLk;
nghUj;jtiu jdpj;J ,Uf;fhJ. ,uz;L mZf;fs; Nru;e;Nj ,Uf;Fk;)
5.
6.
(Cl2 %yf;$whf jdpj;J fhzg;gLk;)
i`l;u[dpd; fpuhk; mZepiw 1fp. Mf;]p[dpd; fpuhk; mZepiw 16fp vdpy; ePhpd; fpuhk; %yf;$W
epiwia fzf;fpLf.
i`l;u[dpd; mZepiw = 1fp
Mf;]p[dpd; mZepiw = 16fp
vdNt ePupd; %yf;$W H2O-tpd; epiw = 2 [1] + 1 [16] = 2 + 16 = 18
xU Nkhy; msTs;s ve;j Ntjpg;nghUSk; 6.023 x 1023 Jfs;fisg; ngw;wpUf;Fk;.
3.0115 x 1023 Jfs;fs; nfhz;l CO2 tpd; Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; fzf;fpLf.
7. xj;j epa+l;uhd; vz;zpf;ifiag; ngw;Ws;sd.

m) INrhghh;fs; M) INrhNlhd;fs; ,) INrhNlhg;fs; <) epiw vz;
8. mZf;fl;L vz; mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;Jf. m) FNshhpd; M) epahd; ,) gh];gu]; <) xNrhd;
m) FNshupd; - <uZ %yf;$W
M) epahd; - XuZ %yf;$W
,) gh];gu]; - gd;k mZ %yf;$W
<) XNrhd; - %tZ %yf;$W
9. gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; jtiwf; fz;lwpe;J jpUj;Jf.
m) S.T.P y; xU thAtpd; Nkhyhh; gUkd; 22.4 nr.kP3
M) 2 x xg;G %yf;$W epiw = Mtp mlh;j;jp. ,) xh; mZ jdpj;j epiyapy; fhzg;gLtJ ,y;iy.
<) %yf;$wpYs;s mZf;fspd; tpfpjk; KOikahdJ my;yJ vspikahdJ my;yJ eph;zapf;f ,ayhJ.
c) H2O xh; xj;j mZ %yf;$W.
m) S.T.P y; xU thAtpd; Nkhyhh; gUkd; 22.4 ypl;lu;
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M) 2 x Mtp mlh;j;jp = xg;G %yf;$W epiw ,) xh; mZ jdpj;Njh> Nru;e;Njh fhzg;gLk;.

<) %yf;$wpYs;s mZf;fspd; tpfpjk; KOikahdJ my;yJ vspikahdJ my;yJ eph;zapf;fg;gl;lJ.
c) H2O xh; Ntw;W mZ %yf;$W.
10. gpd;tUk; xt;nthd;wpw;f;Fk; xU thh;j;ijapy; gjpypLf.
tpilfs;:
m) 6.023 x 1023 %yf;$Wfs;
m) xU Nkhy; / mtfhl;Nuh vz;
M) S.T.P y; 22.4 ypl;lh; gUkDs;s thA
M) Nkhyhu; gUkd;
,) xU fhh;gd; 12 mZtpy; 1/12 ghfj;jpd; epiw
,) Xu; mZ epiw myF
<) xg;G %yf;$W epiwapd; rhpghjp.
<) Mtp mlu;j;jp
c) mZf;fl;L vz;
c) %yf;$W epiw / mZ epiw
11 Ntjp tpidfs; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-2)
1. (i) Rz;zhk;Gf; fy;iyr; #LgLj;Jk;NghJ (ii) nkf;dPrpa ehlhitf; fhw;wpy; vhpf;Fk;NghJ ve;j
tifahd Ntjptpidfs; epfOk;? (khur;2012> [{d;2013, [_d;2014> fhM2014)
i) rpijTWjy; tpid ii) Mf;rp[Ndw;w tpid/$Lif tpid
nghUs;
pH kjpg;G
2. ed;F njhpe;j rpy nghUspd; pH kjpg;G fPNo
,uj;jk;
7.4
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ ml;ltizia gFg;gha;T nra;J fPNo
rikay;
Nrhlh
8.2
cs;s Nfs;tpfSf;F tpilaspf;fTk;. (khu;r;2012>13> fhM2014)
tpdpfh;
2.5
m. ve;nje;jg; nghUs;fs; mkpyj;jd;ik cilait?
tP
l
;
L
g;
gad;
g
hl;
L
mk;
N
khdpah
12
M. ve;nje;jg; nghUs;fs; fhuj;jd;ik cilait?
m) tpdpfh; M) ,uj;jk;> rikay; Nrhlh> tPl;L cgNahf mk;Nkhdpah.
3. ,Uk;G Mzpia jhkpu ry;Ngl; fiurypDs; itf;Fk;NghJ jhkpu ry;Ngl; Vd; epwk; khWfpwJ cd;
gjpYf;fhd tpsf;fj;ijj;juTk;. (khur;2013> Vg;2014)
eilngWk; tpid: Fe + CuSO4
FeSO4 + Cu.
1. ,Uk;G jhkpuj;ij tpl tpidj; jpwd; kpf;fJ vd;gjhy; jhkpuj;ij ,lg;ngah;r;rp nra;fpwJ.
2. ePyepwkhf ,Ue;j jhkpu ry;Ngl; gr;ir epw ,Uk;G ry;Ngl;-Mf khWfpwJ.
4. xU fiurypd; i`l;uhf;]py; madpapd; nrwpT 1.0x10-8 M vdpy; mjd; pH kjpg;G vd;d? (nrg;2013>
[{d;2013> Vg;2014)
pOH = - log10[OH-] = -log10(1x10-8) = -log1010-8= -(-8) = 8
pH = 14 - pOH = 14 8 = 6
5. rk ePsKs;s nkf;dPrpa ehlhitr; Nrhjidf; Foha; A, B-apy; vLj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;. Nrhjidf;
Foha; A-apy; i`l;NuhFNshhpf; mkpyj;ijAk;> Nrhjidf; Foha; B-apy; mrpl;bf; mkpyj;ijAk;
Nrh;f;fTk;. ,uz;L mkpyq;fspd; msTk; nrwpTk; rkkhf cs;sd. ,tw;wpy; ve;j Nrhjidf;
Fohapy; tpid mjpf tPhpaj;Jld; eilngWfpwJ? Vd;?
Nrhjidf; Foha; A-y; tpid mjpf tPhpaj;Jld; eilngWk;.
fhuzk;: A-y; cs;sJ HCl. ,J typik kpF mkpyk;. vdNt tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fJ.
CH3COOH typik Fiwe;j mkpyk;; tpidj;jpwd; FiwT.
6. A,B vd;w ,U mkpyq;fs; Kfitapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. A- mkpykhdJ ePhpy; gFjpasNt
gphpifailfpwJ Mdhy; B mkpykhdJ KOikahf gphpifailfpwJ
m) A,B mkpyq;fspy; typik Fiwe;j mkpyk; vJ? typik kpFe;j mkpyk; vJ?
M) typik Fiwe;j mkpyk; vd;why; vd;d? ,) typik kpFe;j mkpyk; vd;why; vd;d?
<) typik Fiwe;j mkpyj;jpw;Fk; typik kpFe;j mkpyj;jpw;Fk; xU cjhuzk; jUf?
m) A - typik Fiwe;j mkpyk;> B - typik kpFe;j mkpyk;
M) ePhpy; H+ madpahjy; Fiwe;jhy; mJ typik Fiwe;j mkpykhFk;. (or) ePhpy; gFjpasNt
madpAWtJ typik Fiwe;j mkpyk; MFk;.(CH3COOH)
,) ePhpy; fiue;J KOtJk; madpAWk; mkpyNk typik kpFe;j mkpykhFk;.(HCl)
<) typik Fiwe;j mkpyk; - CH3COOH
typik kpFe;j mkpyk;
- H2SO4
7.
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Ntjptpidfis cw;WNehf;fp
fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f.
m) A,B If; fz;lwpf.
M) fhy;rpak; i`l;uhf;i]bd; tzpfg;ngah; ahJ?
,) i`l;Nuhf;FNshhpf; mkpyj;Jld; fhy;rpak; Mf;i]L
tpidGhpe;J jUk; tpisnghUs; C kw;Wk; D I fz;lwpf.
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<) fhy;rpak; Mf;i]L mkpyj;jd;ik nfhz;ljh? fhuj;jd;ik nfhz;ljh? vd;gijf; $W.

m) A CaCO3, B CO2
M) Rz;zhk;G ePH
(ePw;Wr;Rz;zhk;G)
,) Cfhy;rpak; FNshiuL> (CaCl2) DePH (H2O) <) fhuj;jd;ik nfhz;lJ.
8. xU Nrhjidf;Fohapy; fhg;gH iel;Nul; vLj;J ntg;gg;gLj;jTk;.
m) fhg;gH iel;Nul;bd; epwk; vd;d? M) ePq;fs; vd;d fz;lwpe;jJ vd;d?
,) ,t;tpid vt;tifiar; rhh;e;jJ? <) ,t;tpidapd; rkd;nra;ag;gl;l rkd;ghl;il vOJf.
m) ePy epwk;
M) fhg;gu; iel;Nul; rpijTw;W NO2 vd;w nrk;gOg;G thA ntspahFk;.
,) rpijTWjy; tpid <) rkd;nra;ag;gl;l rkd;ghL 2Cu(NO3)2
2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
9. jtwhd $w;iwr; rhp nra;f:
m) Nrhbak; ngd;NrhNal; czTg; nghUl;fis gjg;gLj;j gad;gLfpwJ.
M) tptrhaj;jpy; iel;hpf; mkpyk; cukhf gad;gLtjpy;iy.
,) fe;jf mkpyk; Ntjpg; nghUs;fspd; murd; vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
<) mkpyj;jpd; pH kjpg;G 7 I tpl mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
c) fhw;W milf;fg;gl;l ghdq;fspy; mrpl;bf; mkpyk; gad;gLfpwJ.
m) rhp M) rupahd $w;W: tptrhaj;jpy; iel;hpf; mkpyk; cuk; jahhpf;fg; gad;gLfpwJ.
,) rhp
<) rupahd $w;W: mkpyj;jpy; pH kjpg;G 7 I tpl Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;.
c) fhw;W milf;fg;gl;l ghdq;fspy; fhh;ghdpf; mkpyk; gad;gLfpwJ.
10. Mf;]p[Ndw;w xLf;f tpidfspy;> vyf;l;uhd; ghpkhw;wk; eilngWfpwJ. nkf;dPrpak; mZthdJ
,U vyf;l;uhd;fis ,U FNshhpd; mZf;fSf;F ghpkhw;wk; nra;fpwJ.
m) ,t;tpidapd; tpisnghUs; vd;d? M) ,t;tpidf;fhd rkd;nra;ag;gl;l rkd;ghl;il vOJf.
,) ve;jj;jdpkk; Mf;]p[Ndw;wkilfpwJ? <) ve;jj;jdpkk; xLf;fkilfpwJ?
c) mj;jdpkj;jpd; xLf;f tpidia vOJf?
m) nkf;dPrpak; FNshiuL - MgCl2
M) Mg + Cl2
MgCl2
,) nkf;dPrpak; - Mg <) FNshupd; - Cl
c) FNshupd; xLf;f tpid Cl2 + 2e2Cl11. fPo;f;fhZk; $w;Wf;fSf;F jFe;j fhuzk; $Wf.
m)
gl;lhR
jahhpg;gpy;>
nkf;dPrpak;
ehlhitf;
fhl;bYk;
J}shf;fg;gl;l
nkf;dPrpaNk
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. M) Jj;jehfk; kw;Wk; ePh;j;j fe;jf mkpyj;Jldhd tpidapy;> rpy Jspfs;
fhg;gH ry;Ngl; fiuriy Nrh;f;Fk; nghOJ Ntfkhf tpid eilngWfpwJ. ,) nkf;dPrpak;
fhh;gNdl; kw;Wk; ePh;j;j i`l;NuhFNshhpf; mkpyj;Jldhd tpidapy; rpy Jspfs; mlH
i`l;NuhFNshhpf; mkpyj;ij NrHf;Fk; nghOJ tpidapd; Ntfk; mjpfhpf;Fk;.
m) J}shf;fg;gl;l Mg-y; Gwg;gug;G mjpfk;. ,jdhy; tpidNtfKk; mjpfkhFk;.
M) fhg;gu; ry;Ngl; (CuSO4) tpidA+f;fpahf nray;gLfpwJ.
,) mlu; mkpyj;jpy; HCl-d; nrwpT mjpfk;. vdNt mlu; mkpyj;NjhL tpidGupAk; tpidapd;
NtfKk; mjpfhpf;Fk;. (tpidgL nghUl;fspd; nrwpT mjpfkhdhy; tpidapd; NtfKk; mjpfupf;Fk;)
12. Nrhbak; i`l;uhf;i]L> i`l;NuhFNshhpf; mkpyj;Jldhd tpid rkd;ghL nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
NaOH (fiury;) + HCl (fiury;)
NaCl (fiury;) + H2O (ePHkk;)

m) ,J vt;tifahd Ntjptpidiar; rhh;e;jJ? M) ,t;tpid ntg;g ckpo;tpid. ,t;tpidia
tpsf;Ff. ,) ntg;g ckpo;tpid> ntg;gk; nfhs; tpidf;fhd NtWghl;ilj;jUf.
<) ,it tpidGhpAk; NghJ> ntg;gepiyapy; vd;d khw;wk; Vw;gLfpwJ?
m) eLepiyahf;fy; tpid / ,ul;il ,lg;ngau;r;rp tpid
M) Nrhbak; i`l;uhf;irLk; i`l;Nuh FNshupf; mkpyKk; tpidGupAk; NghJ ntg;gj;ij
ntspapl;L cg;igAk; ePiuAk; jUfpwJ. vdNt ,J ntg;g ckpo;tpid
,) ntg;gj;ij ntspapLk; tpid ntg;g ckpo;tpid vfh.vupjy; tpidfs;. Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpypUe;J
ntg;gj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; tpid ntg;gk; nfhs;tpid vfh: Fspu;jy; tpidfs;.
<) ntg;g ckpo; tpidapy; ntg;gepiy mjpfupf;Fk;. nfhs;tpidapy; ntg;gepiy FiwAk;
13. ,U $k;Gf;FLitia vLj;Jf; nfhz;L mtw;iw I kw;Wk; II vdf;Fwpg;gpLf.Kjy; $k;Gf;FLitapy;
rpwpjsT fhg;gH ry;Ngl; fiuriyAk;> ,uz;lhtJ $k;Gf;FLitapy; rpwpjsT J}shf;fg;gl;l
Jj;jehfj;ijAk; vLj;Jf;nfhs;f. fhg;gH ry;Ngl; fiuriyj; Jj;jehfj;Jld; tpidGhpa nra;f.
m) ,t;tpid vt;tifahd tpid? M) Jj;jehf cNyhfkhdJ> mjpf NeHkpd; jd;ikAilajh
my;yJ Fiwe;j NeHkpd; jd;ikAilajh vdf; $Wf. ,) ,jw;fhd rkd;nra;ag;gl;l rkd;ghl;il
vOJf. <) ,jpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; kPsk
; hw;wkh my;yJ kPsh khw;wkh vdf;$Wf.;
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m) ,lg;ngaHr;rp tpid
,) CuSO4 + Zn
ZnSO4 + Cu
M) mjpf NeHkpd; jd;ik cilaJ.

<) ,J kPsh khw;wk;
14. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ml;ltizapd; ehd;F njhFjpfisAk; njhlHGgLj;Jf.

%yf;$W tha;g;ghL Ntjpg;ngaH
NrHkk;
gad;fs;
fhy;rpak; ry;Ngl; n`kp i`l;Nul; rpiyfs; nra;a
1.ryitNrhlh
CaOCl2
2.rikay;Nrhlh
Nrhbak; igfhh;gNdl;
fbdePiu nkd;ikgLj;j
Na2CO3
3.ryitj;J}s;
Nff; jahhpf;f
CaSO4.1/2 H2O Nrhbak; fhh;gNdl;
4.ghhP]r
; he;J
fhy;
r
pak;
Mf;
]
pFNshiuL
ntSf;fg; gad;gLfpwJ.
NaHCO3
NrHkk;
1.ryitNrhlh
2.rikay;Nrhlh
3.ryitj;J}s;
4.ghhP]r
; he;J
%yf;$W tha;g;ghL
Na2CO3
NaHCO3
CaOCl2
CaSO4.1/2 H2O
Ntjpg;ngaH
Nrhbak; fhh;gNdl;
Nrhbak; igfhh;gNdl;
fhy;rpak; Mf;]pFNshiuL
fhy;rpak; ry;Ngl; n`kp i`l;Nul;
gad;fs;
fbdePiu nkd;ikgLj;j
Nff; jahhpf;f
ntSf;fg; gad;gLfpwJ.
rpiyfs; nra;a
15. fhhPaj;J}is fhg;gH FNshiuL fiurYld; Nrh;f;Fk; nghOJ ,lg;ngah;r;rp tpidapd; %yk; jpz;k
fhg;gH cUthfpwJ.
m) ,t;tpidapd; Ntjpr;rkd;ghl;il vOJf.
M) ,lg;ngah;r;rp tpid Vd; epfo;fpwJ?
m) Pb + CuCl2
PbCl2 + Cu
M) fhhPak;> fhg;giu tpl tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fJ.
tpidj;jpwd; Fiwe;j fhg;giu mJ ,lg;ngau;r;rp nra;fpwJ.
16. Jj;jehfj;ijAk;> fhg;gH (II) ry;Ngl;ilAk; NrHj;J ntg;gg;gLj;Jk; nghOJ> fPo;f;fz;l
Mf;]p[Ndw;w xLf;f tpidahdJ eilngWfpwJ.
Zn(s) + CuSO4
ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
m) Mf;]p[Ndw;w xLf;fk; vd;gJ vijf;Fwpf;fpwJ?
M) Nkw;$wpa tpidapy; (i) Mf;]p[d; xLf;fp vJ? (ii) Mf;]p[Ndw;wp vJ?
,) ,t;tpidapy; eilngWk; vyf;l;uhd; ghpkhw;wj;ij tpsf;Ff.
<) ,e;j Mf;]p[Ndw;w xLf;f tpidf;fhd madprkd;ghl;il vOJf.
m) Mf;]p[Ndw;wKk; Mf;]p[d; xLf;fKk; xNu rkaj;jpy; eilngw;why; mJ Mf;]p[Ndw;w
xLf;f tpidahFk;.
M) (i) Mf;]p[d; xLf;fp Jj;jehfk; (Zn)
(ii) Mf;]p[Ndw;wp fhg;gu; (Cu)
,) Mf;]p[Ndw;w tpidapd;NghJ vyf;l;uhd; gupkhw;wk;
: Zn Zn2+ + 2eMf;]p[d; xLf;f tpidapd;NghJ vyf;l;uhd; gupkhw;wk; : Cu2+ + 2e- Cu
<) Mf;]p[Ndw;w-xLf;f tpid: Zn + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu
17. xU tpidapy; xU Nrh;kk; Mf;]p[id Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhy; mJ Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; milfpwJ. Mdhy;
Mf;]p[id ,oe;jhy; xLf;fkilfpwJ. Mf;]p[Ndw;wKk; xLf;fKk; xNu rkaj;jpy; epfo;tjdhy;
xU Nrh;kk; Mf;]p[Ndw;wKk;> kw;nwhd;W xLf;fKk; milfpwJ. ,f;fUj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp gpd;tUk;
rkd;ghl;by; vr;Nrh;kk; Mf;]p[Ndw;wkilfpwJ>xLf;fkilfpwJ vd;gijf; $Wf.
m) 2Mg(s) + O2(g)
2MgO(s) ;
M) ZnO + C
Zn + CO ;
,) Fe2O3 + 3CO
2Fe + 3CO2
<) Cr2 O3 + 2Al
Al2 O3 + 2Cr ;
m) Mg Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; milfpwJ O2- Mf;]p[d; xLf;fk; milfpwJ.
M) ZnO - Mf;]p[d; xLf;fk; milfpwJ. C - Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; milfpwJ.
,) Fe2O3 - Mf;]p[d; xLf;fk; milfpwJ. CO - Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; milfpwJ.
<) Cr2 O3 - Mf;]p[d; xLf;fk; milfpwJ. Al - Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; milfpwJ.
18. fiurypd; i`l;u[d; madpapd; nrwpT 1x10-8 M vdpy;
m) ,f;fiurypd; pH kjpg;G ahJ?
M) ,f;fiurypd; pOH kjpg;G ahJ?
,) ,f;fiury; mkpyj;jd;ikAilajh> fhuj;jd;ikAilajh vd;gij A+fpj;Jf;$Wf.
m) pH = -log 10[H+] = - [log1010-8] = - [- 8 log 1010)] = - (-8 x 1) = -(-8) = 8
M) pH + pOH = 14 vd;gjhy; pOH = 14-8 = 6
,) fhuj;jd;ik cilaJ. (fhuzk; pH kjpg;G 7-I tpl mjpfkhdhy; mJ fhuk;)
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12 jdpkq;fspd; MtHj;jd tifg;ghL (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-2)

1. cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; : jhkpug; ghj;jpuq;fs; J}a;ikg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy vdpy;> gr;ir epwg; gbkk;
Njhd;WfpwJ. fhuzk; : ,e;jg; gbkj;jpw;fhd fhuzk; fhuj; jhkpuf; fhh;gNdl;.
m) cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; fhuzk; ,uz;Lk; rup M) cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; rup fhuzk; rhp ,y;iy.
2. ry;/igL jhJit mlh;g;gpf;fg; gad;gLk; Kiw -------------------- ([{d;2013> Vg;2014)
(Eiu kpjg;G Kiw / GtpaPh;g;G Kiw)
3. ,Uk;G cNyhfg; gug;gpd;kJ
P NtW cNyhfj;ijg; G+Rtjhy; JUg;gpbj;jypy; ,Ue;J jLf;fyhk;.
,e;j ,Uk;gpd;kJ
P Jj;jehfj; Jfis nky;ypajhfg; G+rpdhy; mjw;F vd;W ngah;.
(Jj;jehf Kyhk; G+Rjy; / tz;zg;G+r;R mbj;jy; / vjph;Kid ghJfhj;jy;)
4. ve;j cNyhfk; ghjurj;Jld; Nrh;e;jhYk; mjw;F ,urf;fyit vd;W ngah;. gw;Fopfis milf;f
gad;gLk; ,urf;fyit .. (khur;2013> [{d;2013) (Ag-Sn ,urf;fyit / Cu-Sn ,urf;fyit)
5. cWjpg;gLj;Jjy;: ntg;gj;jhy; xl;b ,izj;jypy; (njh;ikl; gw;witg;ghdpy;) mYkpdpaj;J}Sld;
Fe2O3 gad;gLfpwJ. fhuzk;: mYkpdpaj;J}s; xU typikahd xLf;Fk; fhuzp.
cWjpg;gLj;Jjiy tpsf;Fk; tifapy; rhpahf cs;sjh?
Mk;. rupahf cs;sJ. (mYkpdpak; Fe2O3 ia Fe ahf xLf;FfpwJ)
6. ,Uk;G Mzp JUg;gpbg;gJ thiy tbePuPy; elf;Fkh? cq;fs; gjpYf;fhd fhuzj;ijf;$Wf.(khu;r1; 2> [_d;14)
elf;Fk;. Vnddpy;> thiy tbePupy; ePh;> Mf;]p[d; cs;sJ.
7. mYkpdpa Mf;iril fhp nfhz;L xLf;Fk; Kiwapy; mYkpdpa cNyhfj;ij Vd; ngwKbahJ? (Vg;2014)
fhh;gid (fhp) tpl mYkpdpaj;jpd; tpidj;jpwd; mjpfk;. vdNt fup nfhz;L xLf;Fk; Kiwapy;
mYkpdpa cNyhfj;ij ngw KbahJ.
8. ,Uk;G mlh; HCl clDk;> mlh; H2SO4 clDk; tpidGhpfpwJ. Mdhy;> mlh; HNO3
cld;tpidGhptJ ,y;iy. chpa fhuzj;Jld; cq;fs; tpilia vOJf.
mlh; HNO3 cld; tpidGhpAk; NghJ ,Uk;G Mf;i]L glyk; cUthfp tpLtjhy; Nkw;nfhz;L
tpid eilngWtjpy;iy.
9.
mYkpdpa cNyhff; fyit, thD}h;jpapd; ghfq;fs; jahhpf;fg; gad;gLfpwJ. mjw;fhd
fhuzq;fis $wTk;. (khur;2013> [{d;2013)
mYkpdpak; cNyhff; fyit 1) ,NyrhdJ. 2) typikahdJ. 3) mhpg;igj; jLg;gJ.
10. X vd;w nts;sp Nghd;w ntz;ikepw cNyhfk; Mf;]p[Dld; Nrh;e;J Y- Ij; jUfpwJ. ,Nj Y
vd;w Nrh;kkhdJ X - ePuhtpAld; tpidGhpAk; NghJ i`l;u[id ntspapl;Lf; fpilf;fpwJ. X
kw;Wk; Y-If; fz;Lgpbf;f. (khur;2012> mf;2013> nrg;2013)
X- mYkpdpak; Y- mYkpdh
11. gpd;tUk; FWf;nfOj;Jg; Gjpiuj; jPh;f;f.
fh
fp
lh
rh
njh
H;
hp
q;
`h
d;
ep
z;
jp
hP
ah
k;
d;
Nah
d;
rP
jh
rp
e;
th
f;
s;
eh
f;
id
s;
uh
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NkypUe;J fPo;
m) nrq;Fj;J thpirfs;
njhFjpfs;
vd;wiof;fg;gLk;
M) ,uz;lhk; njhFjpj;
jdpkq;fs; fhukz; cNyhfq;fs;
,) tpsk;gu gy;Gfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; xU
ke;j thA epahd;
<) fhul;by; vilapLk; mlh; kQ;rs;
epw gsgsg;ghd cNyhfk; jq;fk;
,lkpUe;J tyk;
m) fpilkl;l thpirfs; njhlh; vdg;gLk;
M) Kjy; njhFjp jdpkq;fs; fhu
cNyhfq;fs;
,) 17 tJ njhFjp jdpkq;fs; N`y[d;
FLk;gk; vd;W miof;fg;gLk;
<) 18 tJ njhFjp jdpkq;fs; ke;jthAf;fs;
vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
c) ijuha;L Fzg;gLj;j cjTk;. `hy[d;
njhFjpiar; rhh;e;j xU jdpkk;. mNahbd;
C) VohtJ njhlhpYs;s cs; ,ilepiyj;
jdpkq;fs;. Mf;bidLfs;
12. gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;F xU thh;j;ijapy; gjpypLf.

m) GtpapypUe;J jhJf;fisg; gphpj;njLf;Fk; Kiw.
M) jhJg; nghUs;fSld; fye;Js;s kz; khRf;fs;.
,) cUFepiyiaf; Fiwf;f jhJTld; Nrh;f;fg;gLk; nghUs;
<) tWj;j cNyhf Mf;i]il cUfpa epiyapy; cNyhfkhf khw;Wk; XH xLf;ftpid.;
c) Fiwe;j tpidjpwd; cs;s cNyhfq;fs; ,aw;ifapy; ,t;thW fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
m) Ruq;fKiw M) jhJf;$sk; ,) ,sf;fp <) cUf;fp gphpj;jy; c) jdpj;j epiyapy;.
13.
gpd;tUk; cNyhftpay; topKiwfis cNyhfq;fisg; gphpj;njLj;jypy; rhpahd thpirapy;

njhlh;GgLj;Jf. (tWj;jy;> ng];]pkuhf;Fjy;> `hy; Kiw> cUf;fp gphpj;jy; (xLf;fk;)> Ngah;
Kiw> kpd;dhw; gFg;G Kiwapy; J}a;ik> CJ ciy> fhw;wpy;yhr; #oypy; tWj;jy;> Gtp<Hg;G
Kiw> Eiu kpjg;G Kiw).
cNyhfk;
Al
Cu
Fe
gb 1
gb 2
cNyhfk;
gb 1
Ngah;Kiw
Al
Eiu kpjg;G Kiw
Cu
Fe
Gtp<h;g;G
gb 3
gb 4
gb 5
gb 2
gb 3
gb 4
`hy;Kiw --tWj;jy;
cUf;fp gpupj;jy; ng]pkuhf;Fjy;
(xLf;fk;)
tWj;jy;
CJ ciy
cUf;fpgphpj;jy;
gb 5
-kpd;dhw;gFg;G
Kiw J}a;ik
14. fPo;f;fz;ltw;iw xUkpj;j gz;Gfspd; mbg;gilapy; nghUj;Jf.

cNyhfk;
jhJ
Ntjp tha;g;ghL
xLf;f Kiw
N`kill;
CJ ciy
Al
PbS
ghf;i]l;
ng];]pkuhf;Fjy;
Cu
Fe2O3
fhg;gh; igiul;
Eiu kpjg;G Kiw
Fe
Al2O3.2H2O
fyPdh
`hy; Kiw
Pb
CuFeS2
cNyhfk; jhJ
Ntjp tha;g;ghL
xLf;f Kiw
ghf;i]l;
`hy; Kiw
Al2O3.2H2O
Al
fhg;gh; igiul;
ng];]pkuhf;Fjy;
CuFeS2
Cu
N`kill;
CJ ciy
Fe2O3
Fe
fyPdh
Eiu kpjg;G Kiw
PbS
Pb
15. cNyhff;fyitfs; gw;wpa rpy $w;Wfs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mtwWs; jtwhdtw;iwf;
fz;lwpe;J jpUj;Jf. m) ,J cNyhfq;fspd; xU gbj;jhd fyit. M) Zn ,urf;fyit
gw;Fopfis milf;fg;gad;;gLfpwJ. ,) rpiyfs;> ehzaq;fs;> Nfhtpy; kzpfs; jahhpf;f
bA+uhYkpd; gad;gLfpwJ. <)
ed;F cUf;fg;gl;l cNyhfq;fis mOj;jj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jp
cNyhff; fyitfs; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. c) gpj;jisapy; Zn xU fiug;ghd;.
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m) rhp
M) Ag - Sn urf;fyit gw;Fopfis milf;fg;gad;gLfpwJ.
,) rpiyfs;> ehzaq;fs;> Nfhtpy; kzpfs; jahupf;f ntz;fyk; gad;gLfpwJ.
<) rhp
c) gpj;jisapy Zn xU fiunghUs;.
16. gpd;tUk; ml;ltizia epug;Gf.
kz;lyk;
ntg;gepiy
Ntjptpid
vhpepiy kz;lyk;
CaCO3
CaO + CO2
CaO + SiO2
CaSiO3
400oC
kz;lyk;
ntg;gepiy
Ntjptpid
vhpepiy kz;lyk;
1500oC
C + O2
CO2 + ntg;g Mw;wy;
cUf;F kz;lyk;
1000oC
CaCO3
CaO + CO2
CaO + SiO2
CaSiO3
xLf;Fk; kz;lyk;
Fe2O3 + 3CO
2Fe+ 3CO2
400oC
17. ehd; ahh; vdf; fz;lwpf.
m) ehd; tpiy kypthd Mdhy; tpid jpwd; kpf;f cNyhfk;. ,Uk;G nghUs;fisg; ghJfhf;f
vd;id ehNd mopj;Jf;nfhs;Ntd;. M) ehd; xU jpz;k fiury;. gy; kUj;Jth;fs; gw;Fopfis
milf;f vd;idg; gad;gLj;Jthh;fs;. ,) ,uj;j epwkpapy; ehd; xU gFjpg;nghUs;. ehd; mstpy;
Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ mk;kdpjd; ,uj;j Nrhifahy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwhd;. <) jhJf;$sk;>
,sf;fpAld; tpidGhpAk; NghJ ehd; cUthNtd;.
m) nkf;dPrpak; - Mg
M) Ag-Sn urf;fyit
,) ,Uk;G Fe
<) frL
18. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F XhpU thh;ijfspy; tpilasp.
m) `hy;khh;f; jq;fj;jpy; cs;s jq;fj;jpd; rjtPjk; ahJ? M) rhy;Nfhn[d;]; vd;gjd; nghUs;
ahJ? ,) mwptpay; cgfuzq;fs; jahhpg;gpy; gad;gLk; cNyhfq;fs; ahit? <)
xspr;
Nrh;f;iff;fhd gr;iraj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; cNyhfk; vJ? c) ,Uk;G <uf;fhw;Wld; tpidGhpe;J mjd;
gug;gpy; nrk;gOg;G epwr; Nrh;kj;ij Njhw;Wtpf;fpwJ. mJ vd;d? mjd; ,iaigj; jUf.
m) 91.67%
M) njhFjp 16-y; cs;s jdpkq;fs; rhy;Nfhn[d;]; jdpkq;fs; vdg;gLfpd;wd.
,) mYkpdpak; (Al)
nkf;dPrpak; (Mg)
<) nkf;dPrpak; (Mg)
c) ePNuwpa ,Uk;G III Mf;irL Fe2O3 x H2O
19. nghUj;Jf.
,Uk;gpd; tif
v/F
NjdpUk;G
thh;gpUk;G
fhh;gd; rjtPjk;
2 4.5%
0.25 2%
< 0.25%
gad;fs;
rhf;fil %bfs; kw;Wk; fopT ePh;f; Foha;fs; jahhpf;f
fl;blq;fs; fl;l kw;Wk; ve;jpuq;fs; jahhpf;f
kpd;fhe;jq;fs; jahhpf;f
,Uk;gpd; tif
v/F
NjdpUk;G
thh;gpUk;G
fhh;gd; rjtPjk;
0.25 2%
< 0.25%
2 4.5%
gad;fs;
fl;blq;fs; fl;l kw;Wk; ve;jpuq;fs; jahhpf;f
kpd;fhe;jq;fs; jahhpf;f
rhf;fil %bfs; kw;Wk; fopT ePh;f; Foha;fs; jahhpf;f
13 - fhHgDk; mjd; NrHkq;fSk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1.
2.
4 10 vd;w %yf;$W tha;g;ghL nfhz;l midj;J khw;wpaq;fisAk; vOjp mjw;Fhpa IUPAC

ngahpLf.
1.
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3
nghJ ngau;: n - gpa+l;Nld;
IUPAC ngau;: gpa+l;Nld;
ituk; fhh;gDila GwNtw;Wik tbtq;fSs; xd;whFk;. mjd; fbdj;jd;ikf;fhd fhuzj;ijf;
$Wf. (khu;r;2013)
ituj;jpYs;s xt;nthU fhh;gd; mZTk; kw;w ehd;F fhh;gd; mZf;fSld; ehd;Kfp
mikg;gpy; gpizg;Gw;W> fbdkhd Kg;ghpkhz mikg;ig cUthf;FfpwJ. vdNt ituk;
fbdj;jd;ik nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
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3.
CWfha;, gjg;gLj;jYf;Fg; gad;gLk; A vd;w fhpkr; Nrh;kj;jpd; %yf;$W tha;g;ghL C2H4O2

,r;Nrh;kk; vj;jdhYld; tpidGhpe;J ,dpa kzKila Nrh;kk; Biaj; jUfpwJ.
i) Nrh;kk; A kw;Wk; Biaf; fz;Lgpbf;f. ii) ,k;Kiwapd; nganuOjp> mjd; Ntjpr;rkd;ghl;il vOJf.
i) A vj;jdhapf; mkpyk;(mrpl;bf; mkpyk;)
tha;g;ghL CH3COOH
B vj;jpy; vj;jNdhNal;(vj;jpy; mrpl;Nll;)
tha;g;ghL CH3COOC2H5
ii) v];luhf;Fjy; tpid
4.
C2H6O vd;w %yf;$W tha;ghLila A vd;w fhpkr; Nrh;kk; fhuk; fye;j KMnO4 Kd;dpiyapy;
Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; mile;J> mNj fhh;gd; vz;zpf;ifAs;s B vd;w mkpyj;ij jUfpwJ. Nrh;kk;
A ahdJ> kUj;Jtkidfspy; fhaq;fisf; Fzg;gLj;jg; gad;gLfpwJ. Nrh;kk; A kw;Wk; B ia
fz;Lgpbf;f. A ia, B ahf khw;Wk; Ntjpr; rkd;ghl;ilj; jUf.
A CH3-CH2-OH vj;jdhy; B CH3- COOH mrpl;bf; mkpyk; my;yJ vj;jdhapf; mkpyk;
5.
A,B vd;w ,U Nrh;kq;fs; C2H6O vd;w %yf;$W tha;g;ghl;il ngw;Ws;sd. ,it ,uz;Lk;
ntt;NtW fl;likg;Gfisg; ngw;Ws;sd.
m) ,g;gz;gpw;F vd;d ngah;? M) A kw;Wk; B Mfpatw;wpd; fl;likg;Gfis vOJ. ,) mtw;wpd;
nghJ kw;Wk; IUPAC ngah;fis vOJ. <) A kw;Wk; Bapy; cs;s tpid nray; njhFjpfis vOJ.
m) khw;wpag; gz;G
M) khw;wpak;-1: vj;jdhy; C2H5OH
khw;wpak;-2: il nkj;jpy; <j;ju; CH3-O-CH3
,) 1) nghJg;ngau;: vj;jdhy; IUPAC ngau;: vj;jpy; My;f`hy;
2) nghJg;ngau;: ilnkj;jpy; <jh; IUPAC ngau;: kPj;jhf;rp kPj;Njd;
<) Aapy; cs;s tpidnray; njhFjp -OH
B apy; cs;s tpidnray; njhFjp -O-
6. milg;Gf;Fwpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;stw;wpypUe;J rhpahdtw;iwj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJ.

i`l;Nuhfhh;gd;fspy; fhh;gDf;Fk; fhh;gDf;Fk; ,ilapy; ______(,ul;il /Kg;gpizg;G) nfhz;lit
_______. (my;fPd; / my;ifd;) ,tw;wpd; nghJthd tha;g;ghL CnH2n. ,it Kd;dh; _________
(xypgPd;fs; / ghugPd;fs;) vd;W miof;fg;gl;ld. ,r;Nrh;kk________ (GNuhkpd; / Rz;zhk;G) ePUld;
tpidGhpe;J epwj;ij ePf;FfpwJ. Vnddpy; ,J__________ (epiwTw;w / epiwTwhj) Nrh;kk;.
1) ,ul;il gpizg;G 2) my;fPd; 3) xypgPd;fs; 4) GNuhkpd; 5) epiwTwhj
7.
fPNo Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s Fwpg;Gfisf; nfhz;L Nrh;kq;fisf; fz;lwpf.

m) 30% Rf;Nuhirf; nfhz;l mlh;e;j epwj;ij cila fiury;.
M) vj;jdhy; jahhpg;gpy;
<];bw;F czthf Nrh;f;fg;gLk; Nrh;kk;.
,) ,e;j nehjp Rf;Nuhir> FSf;Nfh]hfTk;>
gpuf;Nlh]fhTk; khw;WfpwJ. <) ,r;Nrh;kk; 95.5% vj;jhiyAk; 4.5% ePiuAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. c)
,r;Nrh;kk; 100% J}a My;f`hiyg; ngw;Ws;sJ.
m) fopT rh;f;fiug; ghF M) mk;Nkhdpak; ry;Ngl; (m) mk;Nkhdpak; gh];Ngl;
,) ,d;th;l;Nl];
<) vhprhuhak;
c) jdp My;f`hy;
8. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpsf;fq;fspy; vj;jdhy; my;yJ vj;jdhapf; mkpyj;jpw;F nghUj;jkhdtw;iwf;
ftdpj;J $Wf. m) ,J epwkw;w vhpRit nfhz;l xU ePHkk;. M) ,J Ma;tfj;jpy; caphp
khjphpfisg; ghJfhf;fg; gad;gLfpwJ. ,) ,J czT> gor;rhWfisg; ghJfhf;fg; gad;gLfpwJ.;
<) ,J Fspuitf;Fk; NghJ gdpf;fl;b Nghd;w gbfq;fis cUthf;FfpwJ.
m) vj;jdhy; M) vj;jdhy; ,) vj;jdhapf; mkpyk; <) vj;jdhapf; mkpyk;
9. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thh;j;ijfs; / thf;fpaq;fis fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s $w;WfSld; nghUj;Jf.
(nkj;jdhy;> nehjpj;jy;> jd; rfg;gpizg;G cUthjy;> gbthpir> i`l;u[d; thA)
m) xU fhh;gd; kw;w fhh;gd;fSld; Nrh;e;J rq;fpypj;njhlh; rfg;gpizg;ig cUthf;Fk; jd;ik.
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M) My;f`hy; Nrhbak; cNyhfj;Jld; tpid GhpAk; NghJ ntspg;gLj;JtJ. ,) fhpkr;Nrh;kq;fs;

gw;wpa Kiwahd Ma;tpw;F toptFg;gJ. <) nehjpfspd; %ykhf xU fhpkr; Nrh;kj;jpy; nkJthf
Ntjptpid epfo;e;J rpwpa %yf;$W cUthtJ. c) vj;jdhiyg; Nghypy;yhky; ,jid rpwpJ
msNt gUfpdhYk; kuzk; epfoTk; tha;g;Gs;sJ.
m) jd; rfg;gpizg;G M) i`l;u[d; thA ,) gbthpir <) nehjpj;jy; c) nkj;jdhy;
,aw;gpay;
15- ,af;f tpjpfSk;; <Hg;gpaYk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-2)
1. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf.
m. tpir = epiw x KLf;fk; vdpy; ce;jk; = _______
M. ,uhf;nfl;by; jput i`l;u[d; vdpy;> MRI glk; gpbj;jypy; ________ gad;gLfpwJ.
m. epiw x jpir Ntfk;
M. jput `Pypak;
2. fPo;f;fhZk; $w;Wfspy; jtWfs; ,Ug;gpd; jpUj;Jf.
m. xU epA+l;ld; tpir vd;gJ xU fpuhk; epiwAs;s nghUspd; 1ms-2 KLf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;
tpirapd; msitf; Fwpf;Fk;.
M. tpidAk; vjpu; tpidAk; vg;NghJk; xNu nghUspd; kPJ nray;gLk;.
m. xU epA+l;ld; tpir vd;gJ xU fpNyhfpuhk; epiwAs;s nghUspd; 1ms-2 KLf;fj;ij
Vw;gLj;Jk; tpirapd; msitf; Fwpf;Fk;.
M. tpidAk; vjpu; tpidAk; vg;NghJk; ,U NtWg;gl;l nghUspd; kPJ nray;gLk;.
3. Fspupj; njhopy;El;gj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd gad; Fspup vupnghUs; MFk;. Fspup vupnghUs; vd;gjd;
nghUis czu;j;Jf.
1) Fspup vupnghUs; vd;gJ jput Fsphp thAf;fs;;.
2) ,it Fiwe;j ntg;gepiyapidg; ngw cjTfpwJ. v.fh: jput `Pypak;> jput iel;u[d;
4. ,lQ;Rop jpUg;Gj;jpwid ______ FwpapYk;> tyQ;Rop jpUg;Gj;jpwid _____ FwpapYk;
Fwpg;gpLtJ kuG. (fhM2014)
Neh;> vjph;.
5. 20 fpuhk; epiwAs;s Jg;ghf;fp Fz;lhdJ xU kug;gyifia 75 kPtp-1 vd;w Ntfj;jpy; jhf;FfpwJ.
mf;Fz;L kug;gyifapy; 5nr.kP CLUtpa gpwF mikjp epiyf;F tUfpwJ vdpy; Fz;bd; kPJ
kug;gyif Vw;gLj;Jk; ruhrup jLg;G tpirapidf; fzf;fpLf.
njhlf;f jpirNtfk; u = 75kP/tp
,Wjp jpirNtfk; v = 0
epiw m = 20 g = 20x10-3Kg
fle;j njhiyT
s = 5 x 10-2m
tpir = ?
tpir F = ma
v2 = u2 + 2as
o = u2 2as (a vjph; KLf;fk; vd;gjhy; vjpu;Fwp)
2as = u2
a=
6.
7.
8.
2
2
75 75
2 5 10 2
75 75
10 1
= 75 x 75 x 10
= 56250 ms-2
F = m x a = 20 x 10-3 x 56250 = 1125000 x 10-3

ruhrhp jLg;G tpir = 1125N
tpw;gid js;Stz;bapd; epiw 65 fp.fp. tz;bia 0.3 kPtp-2 vd;w mstpy; KLf;Ftpf;f ePq;fs;
nray;gLj;j Ntz;ba tpirapd; msitf; fzf;fpL.
m = 65 fp.fp a = 0.3 kP/tp2
F = ma = 65 x 0.3 =19.5 N
jpUFf;FwLtpd; (spanner) ifg;gpb ePskhf ,Ug;gJ Vd;?
1) ifg;gpb ePskhf ,Ug;gjhy; mjpf jpUg;Gj;jpwid Vw;gLj;j KbAk;;.
2) vdNt tpir nray;gLk; Gs;spapypUe;J tiuag;gLk; nrq;Fj;Jf;Nfhl;bd; ePsk; mjpfkhf
mika ifg;gpb ePskhf cs;sJ.
jpUg;G jpir = tpir x tpir nray;gLk; Gs;spf;Fk;> mr;Rf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s njhiyT.
Fj;Jr; rz;il tPuu; xUtiu mtUld; rz;ilapLk; vjpuhsp jd; K\;bahy; Fj;Jk;nghOJ> Vd;
mt;tPuu; vjpuhsp Fj;Jk;jpirapNyNa efUfpwhu;?
1) vjpuhsp Fj;Jk;NghJ Fj;Jk; Neuj;ij mjpfupj;J tpirapd; Ntfj;ij Fiwg;gjw;fhf mNj
jpirapy; rw;W efu;fpwhu;. (efuhky; epw;ghuhdhy; vjpuhspapd; Fj;J gykhf tpOk;)
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2) ,aq;Fk; nghUs; mNj jpirapy; ,aq;Ffpw nghUspd; kPJ nrYj;Jfpw jhf;fk; (ce;jk;)
epiyahf ,Uf;Fk; nghUspd;kJ
P nrYj;Jk; jhf;fj;ijtpl FiwT.
9.
clw;gapw;rpf; $lj;jpd; tpupg;GfSk;> tpisahl;L tPuu;fs; mzpAk; ghJfhg;G rPUilfSf;Fk;

nkd;ikahd nghUs;fisNa gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. Vd; fbdkhd nghUs;fs; gad;gLj;Jtjpy;iy?
1) tpirapdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;gpidf; Fiwf;f nkd;ikahd nghUs;fis gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;.
2) tPuu;fs; tpupg;Gfspy; tpOk;NghJ jiuiaj; njhLk; Neuj;ij mjpfupj;J ghjpg;gpid
Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf nkd;ikahd nghUl;fshyhd jiutpupg;Gfis gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;.
10.
,uhf;nfl; VTjypy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,uz;L jj;Jtq;fis vOJf.

1) epA+l;ldpd; %d;whk; tpjp 2) ce;j moptp;d;ik tpjp
11.
Rtw;wpy; nghUj;jg;gl;l 1.2 kP ePsKs;s jhq;fpapy; 10fp.fp epiw

njhq;ftplg;gl;Ls;sJ. B vd;w Gs;spapy; Vw;gLk; jpUg;Gj;jpwdpd;
(tyQ;Rop my;yJ ,lQ;Rop) vz;kjpg;Gk; jpirAk; fhz;f.
jhq;fpapd; ePsk; = 1.2 kP
nghUspd; epiw = 10 fpfp
GtpaPu;g;G KLf;fk; = 9.8 kP/tp
jpUg;Gj;jpwd; = Fx d = mg x d = 10 x 9.8 x 1.2 = 117.6 Nm
tpirapd; jpir fPo;Nehf;fpajhf ,Uf;Fk; (or) tyQ;RopahFk;.
12.
XuyF epiw nfhz;l nghUspdhy; czug;gLk; tpirahdJ> <u;g;Gg;Gytypik vdpy; Gtpapd;

Nkw;gug;gpy; <u;g;Gg;Gytypikiaf; fhz;f.
nghUspd; epiw = 1 myF <u;g;G Gy typik = F / m
m = 1 vd;gjhy; E = F
( F=> Gtpapdhy; mjd; Nkw;gug;gpy; Vw;gLk; tpir)
F = 2
m = 1 vd;gjhy;
F = 2
vdNt E =
13.
Gtpapd; Muk; khwhky; Gtpapd; mlu;j;jp jw;Nghija epiyiatpl ,ul;bg;ghf;fg;gLk; NghJ

Gtp<u;g;G KLf;fj;jpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; vd;d?
Gtpapd; mlu;j;jpia ,ul;bg;ghf;fpdhy; GtpaPu;g;G KLf;fKk; ,ul;bg;ghFk;.
14.
NuZ Gtpapd; ikaj;jpypUe;J 6.38 x 103 fp.kP. njhiytpy; cztUe;Jk; tupirapy; epd;W
nfhz;bUf;fpwhs;. Gtpapd; epiw 6 x 1024 fp.fp.
m. Gtp<u;g;G KLf;fj;ijf; fhz;f. M. kjpa czTf;Fg;gpd; mjd; kjpg;gpy; khw;wk; Vw;gLkh?
m) R = 6.38 x 103 Km = 6.38 x103x 103 m = 6.38 x 106 m
M = 6x1024 Kg
g =?
g =
6.67 x 10 11 x 6x 10 24
(6.4 x 10 6 )2
40.02 x 10 1
400.02
=
40.7044
40.7044
6.67 x 6 x 10 13
(6.38)2 x 10 12
6.67 x 6 x 10 1
40.7044
6.67 x 6 x 10 1
40.7044
=
= 9.8 kP/tp2
Gtp<u;g;G KLf;fk; = 9.8 kP/tp2
M) Gtpapd; epiwapy; khw;wk; Vw;glhjjhy; NuZ cztUe;jpa gpd;dUk; Gtp<h;gG
; KLf;fk; khwhJ.
15.
20kP MuKk;> 104 fp.fp. epiwAk; nfhz;l B 612 vd;wiof;fg;gLk; rpWNfhs; xd;iw Njtij
ghu;itapLfpwhu; vdpy; B 612 <u;g;G KLf;fj;jpd; kjpg;G vd;d?
B 612-d; Muk; = 20 kP
B 612-d; epiw = 104 fp.fp
g =
16.
6.67x 10 11 x 104
(20)2
693.68x 10 11
400
= 1.7342 x 10-11 kP/tp2
mepiwAs;s kdpjd;> njhlf;fj;jpy; Xa;Tepiyapy; cs;s totog;ghd fpilj;jsg; gug;gpy;

itf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk; M epiwAs;s fl;il kPJ epw;fpwhd;. kdpjd; jiuiag; nghWj;J
fl;ilapd; kPJ jpBnud v kP/tp Ntfj;jpy; efuj; njhlq;Ffpwhd;. jiuiag; nghWj;J fl;ilapd;
jpirNtfj;ijf; fhz;f.
mikg;gpd; njhlf;f ce;jk; = 0 Vnddpy; njhlf;fj;jpy; mikT Xa;T epiyapy; cs;sJ.
mikg;gpd; ,Wjp ce;jk; mv + mv = 0
x - fl;ilapd; jpirNtfk; vdpy; M x = mv vdNt x =
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ntw;wpf;F top
epiwfs; 2:1 vd;w tpfpjj;jpy; cs;s ,uz;L ge;Jfs; rk cauj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpor; nra;ag;
gLfpwJ. (fhw;Wj;jil Gwf;fzpf;fjf;fjhf fUJf) vdpy;> fPo;fz;ltw;wpw;F tpfpjj;ijf; fhz;f.
m) mit jiuia te;jila MFk; fhyk;. M) efUk; epiyapy; mitfspd;kPJ nray;gLk; tpirfs;.
,) jiuia milAk;NghJ mtw;wpd; jpirNtfq;fs; <) jiuia milAk;NghJ mtw;wpd; KLf;fk;.
m) m1 : m2 = 2 : 1
jiuia te;jila vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; fhyk; rkk; Vnddpy; h = gt2 vdNt
,q;F epiwiar; rhhe;J fhyk; khwhJ
vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; fhyk; 1 : 1 vd;w epiyapNyNa ,Uf;Fk;.
M) efUk; epiyapy; mtw;wpd; kPJ 1 : 1 vd;w tpfpjj;jpy; rk msT tpirfNs nray;gLk;.
,) v = gt jiuia milAk;NghJ 1 : 1 vd;w tpfpjj;jpy; rk jpirNtfq;fisf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
2
<) g = 2 vdNt jiuia milAk;NghJ 1:1 vd;W rkmsT KLf;fq;fisNa nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
18.
1fp.fp epiwAs;s xU nghUs; 20 kP cauj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpor;nra;ag;gLfpwJ. jiuia

te;jile;jJk; mNj Ntfj;jpy; NknyOfpwJ. ce;j khWghl;ilf; fhz;f. (g = 10 kP /tp2 vd;f)
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sit m = 1.fpfp h = 20kP
g = 10 kP/ tp2
tpOfpd;w Ntfj;ij Kjypy; fzf;fpl Ntz;Lk;.
,af;f rkd;ghL v2 = u2 + 2 a s
= 0 +2gs
= 2 x 10 x 20 = 400
v = 400 = 20 kP/tp
ce;jk; = mv vd;gjhy; ce;j khWghL
= mv mu
= mv (-mv) = mv + mv = 2 m v = 2 x 1 x 20 = 40 fp.fpkPtp-1
19.
Gtpapd; Muj;jpy; gq;F epytpd; Muk; vd;Wk;> Gtpapd; epiwapy;; 1/80 klq;F epytpd; epiw
vdf;nfhz;L epytpd; Gwg;gug;gpYs;s Gtp<u;g;G KLf;fj;jpidf; fhz;f.
Rm = RE
Mm = 1/80 ME
g=
GMm
R2
1
ME
80
1
(4 RE )2
Gx
1
ME
80
1
x RE 2
16
Gx
G x ME x 16
80 x RE 2
G x ME x 16 1
5 80 x RE 2
1
5
GME
RE 2
vdNt epytpy; Gtp<h;g;G KLf;fj;jpd; kjpg;G Gtpapd; kjpg;ig Nghy; 1/5 klq;F.
20.
Vw;w - ,wf;f tpisahl;Lf; fUtpapy; 20 fp.fp vilAs;s xU

rpWtd; fUtpapd; ikaj;jpypUe;J 1.2 kPl;lu; njhiytpy;
mku;e;Js;shd;. gyif rkepiyapy; ,Uf;f 60 fpNyhfpuhk;
epiwAs;s kdpju; vq;F mku Ntz;Lk;?
m1 = 20 kg
d1 = 1,2 m
m2 = 60 kg
d2 ?
F1 d1 = F2d2
20 x 1.2 = 60 x d2
W1d1 = W2d2
60 x d2 = 20 x 1.2
20 1.2
20 1.2
m1 g d 1 = m 2 g d 2
d2 =
=
= 0.4 m
60
60 3
m1 d 1 = m2 d 2
gyif rkepiyapy; ,Uf;f 60 fp.fp kdpju; ikaj;jpypUe;J 0.4 kP js;sp mku Ntz;Lk;
21.
Fjpiutz;bf;fhuu; jdJ Fjpiuia Kd;Ndhf;fp Xl;Lfpwhu;. Mdhy; Fjpiu efu kWj;J

fPo;f;fz;lthW tpsf;FfpwJ. epA+l;ldpd; %d;whtJ tpjpapd;gb> ehd; tz;bia xU Fwpg;gpl;l
tpirAld; ,Of;Fk;nghOJ tz;bahdJ mNj msT rkkhd tpirAld; vd;idj; jpUk;g
,Of;fpwJ. mt;tpUtpirfSk; vz; mstpy; rkkhfTk;> vjpnujpu; jpirfspYk; nray;gLtjhy;>
mit xd;iwnahd;W ,y;yhky; nra;JtpLfpwJ. Fjpiuapd; tpsf;fj;jpid ePq;f s; xg;Gf;
nfhs;fpwPu;fsh? cq;fs; gjpYf;fhd fhuzq;fisf; $Wf.
1) jtW. ,jid xg;Gf;nfhs;s ,ayhJ. epA+l;ldpd; %d;whk; tpjpg;gb tpirAk; vjpu;tpirAk;
,U NtWgl;l nghUl;fs; kPJ kl;LNk nray;gLk;.
2) Fjpiu tz;bNahL ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt tz;bf;Fk; Fjpiuf;Fk; ,ilapy;
vjpnujpu; tpir nray;gl tha;g;gpy;iy. tz;bf;Fk; jiuf;Fk; ,ilapy; kl;LNk
vjpu;tpirahf cuha;T tpir nray;gLk;.
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16 - kpd;Ndhl;ltpaYk; Mw;wYk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-3)

1. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf. (khu;r;2013> [_d;2014> fhM2014)
m) kpd;dOj;j NtWghL : Nthy;l; kPl;lh; vdpy;
kpd;Ndhl;lk; : ...
M) ePh;kpd; epiyak;
: kuGrhh; Mw;wy;, vdpy; #hpa Mw;wy; :
m) mk;kl
P ;lh;
M) kuG rhuh Mw;wy;
2. nfhLf;fg;gl;l Mw;wy; %yq;fspd; ngau;fspypUe;J nghUe;jhjijf; fz;Lgpbf;f.
(fhw;W Mw;wy;> #upa Mw;wy;> ePu;kpd; Mw;wy;> mZf;fU Mw;wy;> miy Mw;wy;)
mZf;fU Mw;wy;
3. gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; cs;s jtWfisj; jpUj;Jf. (khu;r;2013> fhM2014)
m. rpwe;j Mw;wy; %yk; vd;gJ Xh; myF epiwf;Ff; Fiwe;j msT Ntiy nra;af; $baJ.
M. gad;gLj;jf; $ba tbtpy; cs;s Mw;wiy kPz;Lk;, kPz;Lk; ehk; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
m) rpwe;j Mw;wy; %yk; vd;gJ Xh; myF epiwf;F mjpf msT Ntiy nra;af;$baJ.
M) gad;gLj;jf; $ba tbtpy; cs;s Mw;wiy kPz;Lk; ehk; gad;gLj;j KbahJ.
4. jFe;j FwpaPLfisg; gad;gLj;jp> xU kpd;Rw;wpd; gy;NtW cWg;Gfis ,izj;Jg; ngwg;gLk; glk;
kpd; Rw;Wg;glk; vdg;gLk;. cWg;Gfs; vd;gJ Fwpj;J cq;fs; fUj;J vd;d?
kpd;dOj;j NtWghL nfhLf;fg;gLk;NghJ vyf;l;uhd;fis ,af;fp kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij ngwj;
Njitahd midj;J rhjdq;fSk; xU kpd;Rw;wpd; cWg;Gfs; MFk;.
v.fh: kpd;fyk;> rhtp> tpsf;F> fk;gp ,izg;G> kpd;jil
5. gpd;tUk; tiuglk; V kw;Wk; I ,d; njhlu;igf; fhl;LfpwJ.
glj;jpypUe;J kpd;dOj;j NtWghL 0.5 V kw;Wk; 1.0 V
cs;s NghJ V/I- ,d; kjpg;Gfs; vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk;?
3)
V = 0.5 V
I = 0.2 Mk;gpah;
vdNt
V = 1.0V
I = 0.4 Mk;gpah;
vdNt
=
=
0.5
0.2
1.0
0.4
5
2
10
=
4
= 2.5 Xk;
= 2.5 Xk;
6. fhkhf; fjph;fs; ,aw;iff; fjphpaf;fj; jdpkq;fshy; ntspaplg;gLk; Mgj;jhd fjph;tPr;rhFk;. m)

,aw;iff; fjphpaf;fj; jdpkq;fs; ntspapLk; NtW fjph;tPr;Rfs; ahit? M) gpd;tUk; $w;Wfis
NkNy nrhy;Yk; fjph;tPr;RfNshL njhlh;GgLj;jp ml;ltizapLf. (khu;r;2012)
i) mit kpd;fhe;j fjph;tPr;R ii) mit mjpf CLWTjpwd; nfhz;lit iii) mit
vyf;l;uhd;fs; iv) mit epA+l;uhd;fisg; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd.
m) My;gh> gPl;lh
M) i) (fhkhfjph;fs;)
ii) (fhkhfjph;fs;)
iii) (gPl;lh)
iv) (My;gh)
7. 1.5 V kpd;dpaf;Ftpir nfhz;l ,Ukpd;fyd;fs; 5 Xk;, 10 Xk;, 15 Xk;, kpd;jilfs; kw;Wk; rhtp
,tw;iwj; njhluhff; nfhz;l XU Rw;Wg; glj;jpid tiuf. (nrg;2013> [{d;2013)
8.
9.
kpd; cUF,io _______cNyhff;fyitahyhd fk;gp MFk;. ,/J mjpf kpd;jiliaAk;_______

cUF epiyiaAk; nfhz;lJ. (khu;r;2013)
fhhpak; kw;Wk; <ak;> Fiwe;j
gpd;tUk; Rw;Wg;glj;ij cw;WNehf;fp ABf;F
,ilNa njhFgad; kpd;jil fhz;f:
(khjpup2012)
R1 R2 gf;f ,izg;G
1
1
=
+
RA
1
2
1
1
1
1
= 1+1=2
= = 0.5 Xk;
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R3 R4 gf;f ,izg;G
1
1
=
+
RB
1
4
1
1
1
1
ntw;wpf;F top
= 1+1=2
= = 0.5 Xk;
RA , RB ,uz;Lk; njhlhpizg;G
R = RA + RB = 0.5 + 0.5 = 1 Xk;
vdNt njhFgad; kpd;jil R = 1 .
10.
milg;Gf; Fwpf;Fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s nrhw;fspy; chpadtw;iwj; Njh;e;njLj;J gpd;tUk;

ml;ltidia epug;Gf: (Jj;jehfk;, jhkpuk;, fhh;gd;, fhhPak;, fhhPa Mf;irL, mYkpdpak;) ([_d;2014)
Neh;kpd;tha;
fhhPa mkpy Nrkfyd;
vjph;kpd;tha;
nyf;yhQ;rp kpd;fyd;
Neh;kpd;tha;
vjph;kpd;tha;
fhhPa mkpy Nrkfyd;

nyf;yhQ;rp kpd;fyd;
fhhPa Mf;irL
Jj;jehfk;
11.
xU kpd; tpsf;fpd; topNa 1.6 A kpd;Ndhl;lk; gha;fpwJ vdpy;> tpsf;fpd; topNa 1 tpdhbapy;
nry;Yk; vyf;l;uhd;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ?
I = 1.6 A
t = 1s n = ?
I=Q/t
vdNt
Q = I t = 1.6 x 1 = 1.6 $Yk;.
1 $Yk; kpd;D}l;lj;jpd; NghJs;s vyf;l;uhd;fspd; vz;zpf;if 6.25 x 1018
1.6 $Yk; kpd;D}l;;lj;jpd; NghJs;s vyf;l;uhd;fspd; vz;zpf;fif
1.6 x 6.25 x 1018 = 10 x 1018 = 1 x 1019
tpsf;fpd; topNa 1 tpdhbapy; 1019 vyf;l;uhd;fs; nry;Yk;.
12.
thzp gad;gLj;Jk; Kb cyu;j;jp Kjypy; nray;gLk; NghJ kpd;jil 50 .

m) tPl;by; 230 V kpd; mOj;j ,izg;G cs;s NghJ> Kb cyh;j;jp Vw;Fk; kpd;Ndhl;lk; vt;tsT?
M) Kb cyh;j;jp ePz;l Neuk; nray;ghl;by; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> mjd; kpd;jilapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk;
vd;d? (Fwpg;G : ntg;gepiy caUk;NghJ flj;jpapd; kpd;jil caUfpwJ)
m) R = 50
V = 230V
I=?
V = IR vd;w rkd;ghl;bypUe;J
230
=
= 4.6 A
50
vdNt Kb cyu;j;jp Vw;Fk; kpd;Ndhl;lk; 4.6 A
M) Kb cyu;j;jp ePz;l Neuk; nray;ghl;by; ,Ue;jhy; kpd;jil rw;W mjpfkhFk;. mjpf
ntg;gj;jpd; fhuzkhf kpd;jilahdJ gOjhf tha;g;G cs;sJ.
13.
nfhLf;fg;gl;l kpd;Rw;wpy; A,B vd;w Gs;spfSf;fpilNa

njhFgad; kpd;jil kjpg;igf; fhz;f.
X vd;w Gs;sp tiu cs;s njhFgad; kpd;jilf; fzf;fPL:
R1 R2 Mfpait njhlu; ,izg;G vd;gjhy;
R1 + R2 = 5 + 5=10 ,jid RS1 vd;f.
RS1 RP1 Mfpait gf;f ,izg;G vd;gjhy;
1
1
1
+
=
1
1
1
1
2
1
+
=
=
10
10
10
5
RX = 5
,JNghyNt Y vd;w Gs;sp tiu cs;s njhFgad; kpd;jil 5
Z vd;w Gs;sp tiu cs;s njhFgad; kpd;jil 5
B vd;w Gs;sp tiu cs;s njhFgad; kpd;jil 5
vdNt A,B vd;w Gs;spfSf;fpilNa njhFgad; kpd;jil = 5
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ntw;wpf;F top
240 V kpd;dOj;jk; nfhz;l tPl;L kpd; ,izg;Gr; Rw;wpy; rutpsf;F njhlu; ,izg;gpy;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. m) rutpsf;F njhlhpy; 12 kpd;tpsf;Ffs; cs;sd vdpy; xt;nthU
kpd;tpsf;fpw;Fk; ,ilNaahd kpd;dOj;j NtWghl;il fhz;f. M) kpd;tpsf;Ffs; gf;f ,izg;gpy;
,izf;fg;gl;lhy;> xt;nthU kpd;tpsf;fpw;Fk; ,ilNaahd kpd;dOj;j NtWghL ahJ?
m) rutpsf;Ffs; njhlu; ,izg;gpy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy;
=
M)
240
12
= 20 V
rutpsf;Ffs; gf;f ,izg;gpy; ,izf;fg;gl;lhy; xt;nthU kpd;tpsf;Fk; fpilf;Fk;

kpd;dOj;j NtWghL 240V
15.
gpd;tUk; glkhdJ xU %ba Rw;wpd; xU gFjp vdpy;

i1,i2,i3, Mfpa kpd;Ndhl;lq;fisf; fhz;f.
i1 + 2A = 3 A vd;gjhy; i1 = 3A 2A = 1A
3A = 1A + i2 vd;gjhy;
i2 = 3A 1A = 2A
i2 = i3 + 1.5V vd;gjhy;
i3 = i2 1.5V = 2V 1.5V = 0.5 A
vdNt i1 = 1A i2 = 2A i3 = 0.5 A
16.
gpd;tUk; glj;jpy; cs;s kpd;Rw;wpy; ey;ypay;G Nthy;l;kl

P ;lu;
fhl;Lk; mstPL 6 V vdpy; mk;kl
P ;lu; fhl;Lk; mstPl;ilf;
fzf;fpLf.
V=IR
6
2
I =
=
=
= 0.4 A
15
5
mk;kl
P ;lu; fhl;Lk; mstPL = 0.4 A
17.
kpd;jil 8 cs;s kpd;fk;gp tl;lRUshf khw;wg;gl;lhy; mjd; tpl;lj;jpw;F ,ilNa

kpd;jiliaf; fzf;fpLf.
fk;gpapd; nkhj;j kpd;jil 8
mjid tl;l RUshf khw;Wk; NghJ glj;jpy; fhl;bathW
mikAk;. tpl;lk; fk;gpia ,U rktl;lq;fshf gpupg;gjhy; ghjp fk;gpapd;
kpd;jil 4
,Ughjp fk;gpfs; gf;f ,izg;gpy; mikAk;
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
=
+
= +
= =
RP = 2
vdNt fk;gpapd; tpl;lj;jpw;F ,ilNa cs;s kpd;jil = 2
18.
xU kpd;fk;gp tl;lRUshf khw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; tpl;lj;jpw;F ,ilNaahd njhFgad;

kpd;jil 8 vdpy;> me;j kpd;fk;gpapd; kpd;jiliaf; fhz;f.
1
rupghjp fk;gpfspd; kpd;jil R vd;f. vdNt

1
1
8
vd;gjhy;
=
=
1
8
1
82
1
16
ghjp fk;gpapd; kpd;jil R = 16 Xk;

vdNt fk;gpapd; nkhj;j kpd;jil 16 x 2 = 32 Xk;
19. 40W kw;Wk; 60W jpwd;
,izf;fg;gl;hy; ve;j
P= I2 R
vdNt mJNt mjpf
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nfhz;l ,U kpd;tpsf;Ffs; njhlhpizg;gpy; Gwkpd; fyj;Jld;

kpd;tpsf;F mjpf nghypthf xspUk;? Vd;?
njhlhpizg;gpy; I khwhJ. 40 W kpd;tpsf;fpd; kpd;jil mjpfk; vdgjhy;
nghypTld; vhpAk;.
- 46 -
10 mwptpay;
ntw;wpf;F top
20. 70W kw;Wk; 50W jpwd; ngw;w ,U kpd;tpsf;Ffs; Gwkpd; fyj;Jld; gf;f ,izg;gpy;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd vdpy; ve;j tpsf;F mjpfg;nghypTld; xspUk;? Vd;?
70W kpd;tpsf;F mjpf nghypTld; xspUk;.
fhuzk;: gf;f ,izg;gpy; ,Ug;gjhy; kpd;dOj;jk; rkkhf nry;Yk;. Fiwthd kpd;jil cs;s
tpsf;fpy;
mjpf
kpd;dhw;wy;
nrythFk;.
70W
kpd;tpsf;F
Fiwthd
kpd;jiliaf;
nfhz;bUg;gjhy; mjd; topNa mjpf kpd;Ndhl;lk; gha;e;J mjpf nghypTld; xspu;fpwJ.
21. ngUq;fly; ntg;g Mw;wy; Fwpj;J vOJf.
1. fly; my;yJ ngUq;flypd; Mo;gFjpapy; ePh; Fsph;r;rpaha; ,Uf;fpd;wNghJ Nkw;gug;G ePh;
#hpadhy; ntg;gkhfpwJ. ntg;gepiyapy; cs;s ,t;NtWghL ngUq;fly; ntg;gMw;wy;
khw;wf;fydpy; Mw;wiyg; ngw gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
3. Nkw;gug;gpd; ntg;gkhd ePu; mk;Nkhdpah Nghd;w vspjpy; MtpahFk; jputq;fis nfhjpf;f
itj;J mjd; Mtp tpirahopia ,af;fp kpd;rhuk; cw;gj;jp nra;a;g;gLfpwJ. Fspu;e;j
Mo;fly; ePu; mk;Nkhdpahit kPz;Lk; jputkhf;fptpLfpwJ.
22.
ePh; tPo;r;rpapd; cauk; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; jhd; ePh;kpd; epiyak; mjpf mstpy;
kpd;jpwid cw;gj;jpr;nra;fpwJ. fhuzk; jUf.
1. cauk; mjpfhpf;f mjpfhpf;f epiyMw;wy; mjpfhpf;Fk;.
2. mjpfkhd epiyahw;wy; ,af;f Mw;wyhf khw;wg;gLk;NghJ mjpf kpd;Dw;gj;jp eilngWfpwJ.
23.
gbk vhpg;nghUis vhpf;Fk;NghJ Vw;gLk; Rw;Wr;#oy; khrpid Fiwf;f ePq;fs; jUk;

MNyhridfs; ahit?
1. gbk vhpg;nghUs; GJg;gpf;f ,ayhj Mw;wy; %yk;. vdNt mjd;; gad;ghl;il Fiwf;fyhk;;.
2. gbk vupnghUl;fis vupf;Fk; epiyaq;fspy; kpd;dhw; J}a;ikahf;fpfisg; gad;gLj;jp
Gifapid J}a;ikahf;fp ntspaplyhk;.
3. khw;W Mw;;wy; %yq;fshd #hpa Mw;wy;> fhw;W Mw;wy; Nghd;w Mw;wy; %yq;fSf;F khWjy;.
24.
fhw;whw;wy; gad;ghl;bd; tuk;Gfs; ahit?

1. mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; gue;j gug;gpy; fhw;whiyfs; epWtg;glNtz;Lk;.
2. tpiraopf;Fj; Njitahd Ntfj;ij epiy epWj;jf; fhw;wp;d; Ntfk; kzpf;F 15 fp.kP. msit
tpl mjpfkhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.
3. Mz;L KOtJk; fhw;whw;wiy ek;gpapUf;f KbahJ.
4. fhw;whw;wyhy; fpilf;Fk; kpd;rhuk; njhlu;r;rpaw;wjhfNt ,Uf;fpwJ.
25.
caphp Mw;wy; %yk; vd;why; vd;d? caphpMw;wy; %yj;jpypUe;J caphpMw;wy; vt;thW ngwyhk;?
1. tpwF> twl;b Nghd;w vhpg;nghUs;fs;; jhtuk;> tpyq;Fspd; cw;gj;jpg; nghUs;fshjyhy;
,j;jifa vhpg;nghUs; %yq;fs; caphp Mw;wy; %yq;fs; vdg;gLfpd;wd.
2. khl;L rhzk;> jhtug;nghUs;fs;> gaph;fspd; mWtilf;Fg; gpe;ija nghUs;fs;> tPl;L
gad;ghl;Lf;fopTfs; ,it rpije;J caphp thAitj; jUfpd;wJ. mtw;wpy; ,Ue;J caphp
Mw;wy; ngwg;gLfpwJ.
26.
md;whl nray;ghLfspYk; - gad;ghLfspYk; kpff;Fiwe;j msT Rw;W#oy; khR Vw;glf;$ba

Mw;wy; tbtk; vJ?
kuG rhuh Mw;wy; %yq;fspy; Kjd;ikahd #hpa Mw;wy; kpff;Fiwe;j Rw;Wr;#oy; khrpid
Vw;gLj;Jk;.
17 - kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; fhe;j tpisTk; xspapaYk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-3)

1. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf: (Vg;2014> [_d;2014)
m) Nkhl;lhh;:- epiyf;fhe;jk;> thzpf Kiwapyhd Nkhl;lhH _______
M) Ftpaj; njhiyT:- kPl;lh;, jpwd; _________
m) kpd;fhe;jk;
M) ilahg;lh;
2.
gpd;tUk; nrhw;nwhlhpy; gpiofspUg;gpd; jpUj;jTk;. (mf;2012> khur;2013 nrg;2013> [{d;2013)

m) fhe;jg;Gyk; vz;kjpg;G kl;Lk; nfhz;l msT M) rl;l fhe;jj;jpd; ntspNa
tpirf;NfhLfs; fhe;jj; njd;Kidapy; njhlq;fp tlKidapy; KbAk;.
m) fhe;jg;Gyk; vz; kjpg;Gk; jpirAk; nfhz;;l msthFk;.
M) fhe;j tpirf;NfhLfs; fhe;jj;jpd; tlKidapy; njhlq;fp njd;Kidapy; KbAk;.
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- 47 -
fhe;j
10 mwptpay;
ntw;wpf;F top
3.
gpd;tUk; fjph;tiuglk; Fopahbapy; gpk;gk; Njhd;Wtijf; Fwpf;Fk;.

m) mjpYs;s gpioiaf;fz;lwpe;J> gpioaw;w fjph; tiuglk; tiuaTk;.
M) cd; jpUj;jj;jpw;fhd tpsf;fk; juTk;. (khu;r;2012>13> [_d;2014)
m)
M) Fopahbapd; Ftpaj;jpd; topNa nry;Yk;
gLfjph; vjpnuhspg;Gf;F gpd; Kjd;ik
mr;Rf;F ,izahf nry;Yk;.
4.
Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fl;Lg;ghl;L tpsf;Ffspy; ____epwtpsf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjd; fhuzk; mjd; ____

miy ePsk;. (Fwpg;G: xspapd; rpjwy; msthdJ miyePsj;jpd; ehd;kbf;F vjph;jfTilaJ.) (khu;r;2013)
rptg;G> mjpf
milg;Gf;Fs; cs;s Vw;w nrhw;fisf; nfhz;L ml;ltizia epug;Gf.
gy;ypd;
nghpa gpk;gk;
gpd;Gwk; cs;s tz;bapd;
Neuhd gpk;gk;
(Ftpahb, rkjsf; Ftpahb, Fopahb, rkjs Mb, Ftpnyd;R, Fopnyd;R.)
Fop Mb
gy;ypd;
nghpagpk;gk;
Ftp Mb
gpd;Gwk; cs;s tz;bapd;
Neuhdgpk;gk;
5.
6.
fPOs;stw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk; fz;zpd; ghfq;fis vOJf. ([{d;2013> Vg;2014)

m) fz; ghitiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; ,Uz;l jir glyk; __________
M) fz;zpy; nghUspd; gpk;gk; cz;lhFk; gug;G __________
m) Ihp];. M) tpopj;jpiu.
7.
ikNahgpah vd;gJ fz;zpy; Xsptpyfypy; Vw;gLk; fpl;lghh;itf; FiwghL MFk;. ,e;jf;

FiwAs;sth;fs; mUfpYs;s nghUs;fisj; njspthfg; ghh;f;fyhk;. Vw;w jpwDs;s Fopnyd;R
nfhz;L ,f;Fiwiar; rhpnra;ayhk;. m) ,Njtifahd NtW ,uz;L tiff; FiwghLfisf;
Fwpg;gpLf. M) mtw;iwr; rhp nra;Ak; Kiwia czh;j;Jf. ([{d;2013)
m) i`gh;nkl;Nuhgpah (J}ug;ghu;it)> gpu];igNahgpah (Vw;gikT jpwd; FiwghL)
M) i`gh;nkl;Nuhgpah (J}ug;ghh;it)-I jFe;j Ftpnyd;]; %yk; rupnra;ayhk;.
gpu];igNahgpah-I jFe;j ,U Ftpaf; fz;zhbfis gad;gLj;jp rhp nra;ayhk;.
8.
fPOs;s glj;jpy; ve;j fhe;j

jpiriar; rhpahff; fhl;LfpwJ?
Crp
fhe;jg;Gyj;jpd;
a rhpahff; fhl;LfpwJ.
9.
Xh; Kidf;fhe;jk; (mono pole) cs;sjh? fhuzk; $Wf.

Xh; Kidf;fhe;jk; vd;gJ fpilahJ.
fhuzk;: 1) fhe;jj;ij vt;tsT rpwpajhf Jz;lhf;fpdhYk; ,UKidfs; (NS) ,Uf;Fk;.
2) fhe;jj;jpd; xt;nthU %yf;$Wk; jdpj;jdp tl kw;Wk; njd; Kidfisf; nfhz;lJ.
10.
cauk; 3 nr.kP. msTs;s Xh; xspUk; kpd;tpsf;fhdJ> 10.5 nr.kP. FtpaJ}uKs;s XH tphpf;Fk;
nyd;]pd; Kd;G 20nr.kP. njhiytpy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpk;gj;jpd; njhiyit kjpg;gpLf.
h = 3 nr.kP. Fopnyd;R vd;gjhy; f = -10.5 nr.kP
u = - 20nr.kP. (,lJGwk;)
1
=
=
20
210
1
1
1
=
+
10.5
20
10.5
30.5
210
30.5
my;yJ
210
2100
305
1 20
10.5 20
epidtpy; nfhs;f:
1 10.5
20 10.5
210
420
61
= -6.89 cm
nghUs; itf;fg;gl;l mNj ,lJGwk; 6.89 nr.kP njhiytpy; gpk;gk; fpilf;Fk;.
Way2s100@gmail.com
- 48 -
10 mwptpay;
11.
nyd;]pd; Kd; 30nr.kP. njhiytpy; itf;fg;gl;l Crpapd; gpk;gk;> nyd;]pd; kWGwk; 60nr.kP.
njhiytpy; cs;s jpiuapy; fpilf;fpwJ vdpy; nyd;]pd; tifapidAk; mjd;
Ftpaj;J}uj;jpidAk; fhz;f.
epidtpy; nfhs;f:
u = -30nr.kP (,lJGwk;)
v = 60 nr.kP (tyJGwk;)
f=?
1
=
=
12.
ntw;wpf;F top
1
60
=
2
60
1
60
1
30
1+2
60
=
3
60
1
60
1
20
1
30
f
= 20 nrkP
Ftpa J}uk; Neu;Fwpahf tUtjhy; nyd;rpd; tif Ftp nyd;]; mjd; FtpaJ}uk; 20 nrkP
XH xspf;fw;iwahdJ Clfk; 1-ypUe;J Clfk; 2-w;Fs; nry;Yk;NghJ
tpyfy; milfpwJ. Clfj;jpd; xsptpyfy; vz;fspd; tpfpjk; fhz;f.
Kjy; Clfj;ijg; nghWj;J ,uz;lhtJ Clfj;jpd; xsp tpyfy;
vz;izf; fhz;f.
Clfq;fspd; xsptpyfy; vz; tpfpjk; fzf;fPL:

30
1/2
1
2
1
2 =
=
=
= x
=
1 =
1
2
45
2/2
45
30
2/2
1/2
2/1
1/ 2
2
1
=
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
Clfq;fspd; xsptpyfy; vz; tpfpjk;: 2 : 1

Kjy; Clfj;ijg; nghWj;J ,uz;lhtJ Clfj;jpd; xsp tpyfy; vz;
2 =
13.
30
45
1/2
2/2
1
2
1
2
1
1.414
= 0.707
nghUspd; tbtj;jpy; 1/5 gq;F cs;s nka;gpk;gk; MbapypUe;J 18 nr.kP. njhiytpy; cUthfpwJ.
Mbapd; jd;ik vd;d? mjd; Ftpaj;njhiyitf; fzf;fpLf.
nka; gpk;gk; cUthtjhy; mJ FopMb. gpk;gj;jpd; njhiyT v = 18 nr.kP. cUg;ngUf;fk; M = 1/5
18
5
M=
vd;gjhy; u =
=
= 18 x = 90 nr.kP
1/5
nghUs; vg;NghJ ,lJ gf;fk; itf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhy; vjpu; Fwp cilaJ.
Fopahbapy; vg;NghJk; gpk;gk; mNj gFjpapy; fpilf;Fk; vd;gjhy; mJTk; vjpu;Fwp.
nghUspd; njhiyT u = -90 nrkP
gpk;gj;jpd; njhiyT v = -18 nrkP
Mbr; rkd;ghL:
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
51
6
= +
=
+
=
+
=
=
f =
14.
15.
90
6
18
= - 15 nrkP
90
90
90
90
90
vdNt Fopahbapd; FtpaJ}uk; = -15 nrkP
xUth; jd; fz;fshy; 12 kPl;lUf;F mg;ghy; cs;sg; nghUs;fisj; njspthf fhzKbatpy;iy.

mtUila Fiwg;ghl;bidAk;> mjidr; rhpnra;tjw;fhd nyd;]pidAk; $Wf.
FiwghL : fpl;lg;ghh;it.
rupnra;a Njitahd nyd;R : Fopnyd;];.
#hpaf;Ftpg;ghd;fspy; Fopahbfs; gad;gLk; tpjj;ij fjph;glj;jpd; cjtpAld; tpsf;Ff.
1) R+upadplkpUe;J tUk; ,izfjpu;fs; Fopahbapy;
gl;L Mbapd; Kjd;ikf; Ftpaj;jpy; Ftpfpd;wd.
2) Kjd;ikf;Ftpaj;jpy; R+Nlw;wg;glNtz;ba nghUis
itj;J nghUshdJ R+Nlw;wg;gLfpwJ.
16.
xspahdJ fhw;wpypUe;J xsptpyfy; vz; 1.47 nfhz;l kz;nzz;nza;apDs; EiofpwJ.

fhw;wpy; xspapd; jpirNtfk; 3 x 108 kP/tp vdpy; kz;nzz;nza;apy; xspapd; jpirNtfk; vd;d?
kz;nzz;nzapd; xsptpyfy; vz; = 1.47
fhw;wpy; xspapd; jpirNtfk; c = 3 x 108 kP/tp
Way2s100@gmail.com
- 49 -
10 mwptpay;
=
ntw;wpf;F top
vdNt
v =
10 8
3
1.47
= 2.04 x 108 kP/tp
vdNt kz;nzz;nzapy; xspapd; jpir Ntfk; 2.04 x 108 kP/tp

17.
Ftpaj;J}uk; 18nr.kP. nfhz;l Fopahbapd; Kd; 12 nr.kP. njhiytpy; epd;W nfhz;L KUfd;
jdJ jhbiar;rtuk; nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpwhd; vdpy;> m) MbapypUe;J KUfdpd; gpk;gk;
vt;tsTj; njhiytpy; njhpAk;? M) KUfdpd; Kfk; Mbapd; Ftpaj;njhiytpw;F FiwthfNth
my;yJ mjpfkhfNth ,Uf;Fk;NghJ ghjpg;G cz;lh? tpsf;Ff.
m)
Mbapd; FtpaJ}uk; f = -18 nr.kP
MbapypUe;J nghUspd; njhiyT u = -12 nr.kP (,lg;Gwk; vd;gjhy;)
Mbr; rkd;ghL:
1
1
1
1
1
1
= +
vd;gjhy;
=
1
18
1
12
2
36
3
36
1
36
v = 36 nrkP
gpk;gj;jpd; njhiyT Neu; Fwpahf tUtjhy; Mbf;F tyg;Gwk; mjhtJ Mbf;Fs; 36
nrkP njhiytpy; gpk;gk; njupAk;.
M) KUfdpd; Kfk; Mbapd; Ftpaj;njhiytpw;F Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ kl;LNk mtdJ
Kfk; Mbf;Fs; njupAk;. Ftpaj;njhiyit tpl mjpfkhd J}uk; nry;Yk;NghJ Mbf;Fs;
gpk;gk; njupahJ. khwhf tisT ikaj;jpw;F mg;ghy; ngupa nka; gpk;gk; Vw;gLk;.
18.
xspahdJ gbfj;jpd; topNa 1.90 x 108 kP/ tp vd;w Ntfj;jpy; nry;YfpwJ gbfj;jpd; xsptpyfy;
vz; ahJ?
gbfj;jpd; xsptpyfy; vz; =

(c vd;gJ fhw;wpy; xspapd; jpirNtfk;)
=
19.
1.58
uQ;rpdp Vw;ghL nra;j nkOFth;jpahy; myq;fhpf;fg;gl;l Xh; ,uT Neu tpUe;jpd; ,Wjpapy;
rpwg;G czthf ePyngh;hp goq;fs; cs;s $o;kk; ghpkhwg;gl;lJ. ePyngh;hpahdJ fhw;wpy;
nrq;Fj;Jf;Nfhl;Lld; 450 Nfhzj;ij Vw;gLj;JtJ Nghyj;
Njhd;Wk;. Mdhy; cz;ikapy;
$o;kj;jpy;
nrq;Fj;Jf;Nfhl;Lld; 300 Nfhz msitNa Vw;gLj;JfpwJ vdpy; $o;kj;jpd;
xsptpyfy; vz;izf; fhz;f.
fhw;wpy; nrq;Fj;Jf;Nfhl;Lld; Vw;gLj;Jk; Nfhzk; 450
mjhtJ gLNfhzk; 450
0
$o;kj;jpy; nrq;Fj;Jf;Nfhl;Lld; Vw;gLj;Jk; Nfhzk; 30 mjhtJ tpyFNfhzk; 300
$o;kj;jpd; xsptpyfy; vz;
=
=
2/2
1/2
45 0
30 0
$o;kj;jpd; xsptpyfy; vz;

20.
3 x10 8
1.9 x 10 8
2
2
(Sin 450 = 2 / 2 Sin 300 = 1 / 2)

2
1
= 2
= 1.4
= 1.4
fpl;lg;ghh;it cs;s xUthpd; mz;ikg;Gs;sp 75 nr.kP. vdpy;> Fiwg;ghl;bidr; rhpnra;a

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nyd;]pd; Ftpaj;J}uk; vd;d?
fpl;lg;ghu;it cs;stu; gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba nyd;]; Fop nyd;];
mz;ikg;Gs;sp 75 nrkP
mtu; ghu;f;ff;$ba nghUspd; mjpf gl;r J}uk; 75 nrkP
eykhd xUtupd; ,ay;ghd mz;ikg;Gs;sp 25 nrkP
vdNt v = -75 nrkP
u = -25 nrkP
nyd;]; rkd;ghL
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
= =
=
+
=
75
2
75
25
75
75
75
f
=
= 37.4 nrkP
Fiwghl;il rup nra;a Njitahd Fop nyd;]pd; FtpaJ}uk; 37.4 nrkP
Way2s100@gmail.com
- 50 -
10 mwptpay;
21.
hPdhTk; thzpAk; flw;fiuapy; fz;l nefpop nyd;rpid Ftpnyd;rh? my;yJ Fopnyd;rh? Vd

tpthjpj;jdh;. nyd;rpd; topNa ghh;f;Fk;NghJ> gpk;gq;fs; jiyfPohfj; njhpe;jd.
m) nyd;rpypUe;J 25 nr.kP. njhiytpy; cs;s xU nghUs; nyd;Rf;F gpd;dhy; 20 nr.kP.
njhiytpy; gpk;gj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ vdpy; nyd;rpd; Ftpaj;J}uk; vd;d?
M) ,J Ftpnyd;rh my;yJ Fopnyd;rh?
m) nyd;rpd; FtpaJ}uk; fhz fzf;fPL
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sit u = -25 nr.kP v = 20 nr.kP
nyd;]; rkd;ghL
1
1
1
1
1
5
4
9
= =
=
+
=
22.
23.
24.
ntw;wpf;F top
100
=
9
20
25
100
100
100
f
=
11.11 cm
nyd;]pd; Ftpa J}uk; 11.11 nrkP
M) Ftpnyd;R (fhuzk;: nka;gpk;gj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ)
rkjsg; gug;NghL 150 Nfhzj;jpy; xspf;fw;iw gLk;NghJ m) gLNfhzj;jpd; kjpg;G vd;d?
M) vjpnuhspg;Gf;Nfhzk; vt;tsT?
,) jpirkhWk; Nfhzj;jpd; kjpg;G vd;d?
m) gLNfhzj;jpd; kjpg;G: 90-15 = 750

M) vjpnuhspg;G Nfhzj;jpd; kjpg;G : 750 (fhuzk;: gLNfhzk; = vjpnuhspg;G Nfhzk;)
,) jpir khWk; Nfhzk; 15 + 15 = 300
njhlhky; %tifahd Mbfis vt;thW ,dk; fhzKbAk;? fhuzk; jUf.
Mbfspy; ekJ Kfj;jpidg;ghu;j;J ,dk; fhz KbAk;
1. Mbapy; Kfj;ijg; ghh;f;Fk; NghJ mNj msT gpk;gk; njupe;jhy; rkjs Mb.
2. nghUspd; msit tpl nghpajhf ,Ue;jhy; Fop Mb.
3. nghUspd; msit tpl rpwpajhf ,Ue;jhy; Ftp Mb.
AC kpd;dpaw;wpapd; Roy; mjph;ntz;iz ,ul;bg;ghf;Fk;NghJ Vw;gLk; tpisit tpsf;Ff.
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