Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Project NO. 57
By
Mohammad Al Sayed
20130187
Mohamed Refaat
20130186
20130207
Mohamed Ibrahim
Mohammed AlGendy
20130309
20130325
Omar Ibrahim
20130316
TO:
FROM:
SUBJECT:
TEAM 57
NEW DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES
DATE:
JUNE 1, 2014
Thank you,
Page |4
Summary
Introduction
Chapter 1 2D Display
xv
1
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1.1.3 PLASMA15
Definition and Mechanism..15
Types of Plasma Display..16
Advantages of Plasma Displays.17
Disadvantages of Plasma Displays.17
Applications of Plasma Displays..18
1.1.4 Electronic Paper.19
Definition and Mechanism.19
E-Paper Display Technologies...19
Advantages.21
Disadvantages.21
Applications21
1.1.5 Head-Up Display.22
Definition and Mechanism.22
Types..22
Generations..22
Applications..24
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Disadvantages...53
1.2.5 Laser Video Projector.55
Definition and Mechanism.55
Advantages56
Disadvantages...56
59
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Disadvantages.70
Applications..70
2.1.3 2D PLUS Depth....71
Definition and Mechanism..71
Advantages..71
Disadvantages.72
2.1.4 Auto Stereoscopy.73
Definition and Mechanism.73
Section 2.2 Wearable Displays.76
2.2.1 Head Mounted Display.76
Definition and Mechanism.76
Applications77
Advantages...78
Disadvantages79
2.2.2 Optical Head Mounted Display.80
Definition and Mechanism80
Techniques80
Applications and Advantages.83
Table of Contents
Advantages...69
Table of Contents
Disadvantages84
2.2.3 Helmet Mounted Display..85
Definition and Mechanism.85
Applications..85
2.2.4 Virtual Retinal Display86
Definition and Mechanism.86
Advantages...87
Applications..87
Chapter 3 3D Displays
89
Section 3.191
3.1.1 Volumetric Display....91
Definition and Mechanism..91
Applications91
Conclusion
93
Glossary
94
References
97
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Table of Illustrations
Table of Illustrations
Table of Illustrations
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Table of Illustrations
Summary
This report was created to enable the user to make a
knowledgeable choice that will meet his needs in the most sufficient
way.
1. LCD
Liquid Crystal Display consists of two sheets of
polarizing material and in between them a liquid
crystal. It has two types of mattresses: passive and
active. The active type is much more varied and wide
spread. There is also a lot of bio friendly technologies.
2. LED
It is an electronic device that illuminates when
electricity passes through it and produce a very
efficient light source. The most common types are
AMOLED and OLED. The AMOLED are the leading
technologies in the flexible displays and both
technologies are mostly used in phones.
3. PLASMA
It common with large TV displays starting from 30
inches or larger and is made of ionized gas mixture
which consists of (ions - free radicals - neutral
byproduct photons).
4. LCD Projectors
To display images LCD projectors send light from a
metal halide lamp through a prism or series of
dichroic filters that separate light into three poly-silicon
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Summary
Summary
1. Anaglyph 3D
This technology uses a color coded glasses it works
because brain mixes the blue and green coming from
the cyan lens to get the 3D image.
It has many technologies including:
Complementary Color, Anaglyphic Contrast Balance,
and ColorCode 3-D, Inficolor3D and Interference Filter
Systems.
All of them use varied technologies to trick the brain in
different ways to make the illusion of 3D imagery.
2. Polarized 3d systems
Polarization is about the orientation of the light waves.
Light traveling throw a polarized glasses will oscillate in
the same direction. So if the image have two types of
light each eye will see a different image.
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Summary
4. Auto Stereoscopy
Summary
1. Volumetric Displays
It creates a 3D light modules of object by using well
placed illuminations that get scattered or emitted to
create the effect.
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Scope:
In this report we are going to discuss the main technologies of
display.
The purpose of this report is to get the reader to a sufficient
degree of knowledge to become able to evaluate the different types of
display technology and best suited to choose from based on the needs
of different people, and we going to show some advantages and
disadvantages of these technologies by comparing and by considering
the most important factors in the evaluation like:
Colors, Appropriate Purposes, Resolution, Lighting, Contrast Energy
Consumption, Material Cost, and Usage Efficiency.
Introduction
1|Page
Chapter 1
2D Displays
LCD
LED
PLASMA
Electronic Paper
Head Up Display (HUD)
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Section 2 Projectors
o
o
o
o
o
LCD Projectors
LCoS Projectors
LED Projectors
DLP Projectors
Laser Video Projectors
3|Page
Chapter 1 2D Displays
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Since LCD panels produce no light of their own, they need to outer
light to produce a visible image. In trans missive process, this light is
provided at the back of glass and is caused the backlight.
The common Applications of LCD backlight technology are:1. Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps [CCFL].
2. Light Emitting diode [LED].
Chapter 1 2D Displays
LCD displays is like a shutter, either allow light to pass through it or block
the light.
5|Page
Chapter 1 2D Displays
1. Passive-Matrix
It is a common type of flat-panel display consist of a grid of vertical
and horizontal wires. At intersection of each grid is on LCD element
which consist one pixel, either letting light cross through it or block it.
Passive-Matrix displays will become extinct as discovered the ActiveMatrix displays, however the Active-Matrix and new technologies as
DSTN, CSTN, and HPA that improve Passive-Matrix displays.
2. Active-Matrix
It is a type of flat-panel display in which the screen is refreshed
more frequently than in Passive-Matrix displays the common type of
Active-Matrix display is based on a technology known as TFT that
standard for thin Film Transistor. The Active-Matrix and the Thin Film
Transistor are often used swapping.
Types of Active-Matrix
There are six types of Active-Matrix based displays.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
7|Page
Chapter 1 2D Displays
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
Bi-Stable displays
9|Page
Chapter 1 2D Displays
1. LCDs have a very little heat emitted during operation, due to low
power consumption.
2. LCDs have a very compact and light.
3. LCDs have a possible ability to have little depending on backlight
technology.
4. LCDs have no geometric distortion.
5. LCD is very thin compared a CRT monitor and can be made in
almost any size or shape.
6. LCDs have no theoretical resolution limit and made to large sizes
lightly and relatively inexpensive.
7. LCDs have difficulty producing black and very dark grays as a
result they generally have a lower contrast than CRTs and the
color saturation for low intensity colors is also reduced.
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
AMOLED Types:
1.
It is an AMOLED display but with integrated digitizer which means
that the layer protects touch is integrated into the screen. It also
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2.
it is Motorolas term for an AMOLED
display, it is brighter than Super
AMOLED screens, but also a higher
resolution, with qHD technology
which is much better than WVGA
technology in Super AMOLED, More energy
efficiency.
3.
The first introduction of it was in Samsung Galaxy S II and
Samsung Droid charge smartphones. The same Super AMOLED
but with small replacement. Brighter and more energy efficient
than Super AMOLED displays.
4.
It is branding from Samsung, and the first device with HD super
AMOLED was Samsung Galaxy Note.
Chapter 1 2D Displays
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
AMOLED Capacitive
Touchscreen
Super AMOLED
Super AMOLED Advanced
qHD Super AMOLED
Super AMOLED Plus
HD Super AMOLED
HD Super AMOLED
HD Super AMOLED
HD Super AMOLED
HD Super AMOLED
HD Super AMOLED
HD Super AMOLED Plus
Full HD Super AMOLED
Full HD Super AMOLED
Full HD Super AMOLED
WQ HD Super AMOLED+
640360
3.2
229
RGBG PenTile
Nokia C6-01
800480
960540
960540
800480
1280800
1280720
1280720
1280720
1280720
1280720
1280800
19201080
19201080
19201080
25601440
4.0
4.3
4.3
4.3 (4.27)
5.3 (5.29)
5.0
4.7 (4.65)
4.7 (4.65)
4.8
5.6 (5.55)
7.7
5.0 (4.99)
5.1
5.7
5.24
233
256
256
218
285
295
316
316
306
267
197
441
432
388
560
RGBG PenTile
RGBG PenTile
RGB S-Stripe
RGB stripe
RGBG PenTile
RGB S-Stripe
RGBG PenTile
RGB S-Stripe
RGBG PenTile
RGB S-Stripe
RGB stripe
RGBG PenTile
RGBG PenTile
RGBG PenTile
RGBG PenTile
Samsung Galaxy S
Motorola Droid RAZR
Samsung Galaxy S4 Mini
Samsung Galaxy S II
Samsung Galaxy Note
BlackBerry Z30
Samsung Galaxy Nexus
Motorola Moto X
Samsung Galaxy S III
Samsung Galaxy Note II
Samsung Galaxy Tab 7.7
Samsung Galaxy S4
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy Note 3
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Mobile screens
Traffic management
Cinema
Electronic paper
Chapter 1 2D Displays
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
A PDP, the fourth state of panel display, is standard for plasma
display panel. It is type of flat panel display, and it common with large
TV displays start from 30 inches or larger and is consider ionized gas
mixture consist of (ions - free radicals - neutral byproduct photons).
It is an electrically neutral mixture of physically and chemically active
gas phase that can be able to modify the surface.
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1. ED plasma Television.
2. High-Definition Plasma Television [HD TV].
ED Plasma TV
Enhanced-Definition Television or Extended-Definition Plasma
Television [ED TV] is American CEA standard for Consumer
Electronics Association marketing short term for some digital television
DTV devices and this term was defined about television which produce
picture have high definition than SDTV but it is not have the same
quality as high-definition television
HD Plasma TV
High-Definition plasma television is consider the newest thing that
produced to us the technology after ED TV that these displays are
usually progressive displays, have square pixels and will arrive to scale
their incoming standard definitions signals to match their exactness
display resolution.
Chapter 1 2D Displays
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
1. Contract ratio, wider viewing angles than LCD and high refresh
rates.
2. It has better contrast ratio and ability to produce deeper blacks.
3. Less visible motion blur and faster response time contributing to
superior performance when displaying content with significant.
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
Gyricon
It is the first electronic paper, consisted of polyethylene, it
consisted of one sheet of transparent plastic with two sides, the first
one is black which is the negatively charged plastic side, and the other
is white which is the positively charged plastic side.
Electrophoretic
It is also a prime example of e-paper, its forms visible image by
arranging pigment particles by using an applied electric field
Electrowetting
It is the modification of wetting properties surface which is
hydrophobic with applied electric field.
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
Electrofluidic Display
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
E-book
Newspapers
Mobile phones
Electronic shelf labels
Status displays USB flash drives
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
1. Head-mounted display
2. Helmet-mounted display
3. F-35 lightning II
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
1.
2.
3.
4.
Video gaming
Automobiles
Military aircraft
Weapons
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
electronic devices. LCD projectors are more efficient with the light
beam that the projectors lamp makes, so safe to say that an
LCD projector produces a brighter image than an equivalent DLP
projector while using a lamp similar in wattage rating.
4. Better brightness levels
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2. Limited lifetime
Limited lifetime of LCD panels seems to be one of the biggest
disadvantages of LCD structure projectors. The colors tend to
degrade and the screen tend to have a yellow color after much
usage of LCD projectors. Sellers dont publish or lets say
reveal the lifespan of LCD panels, but mostly it takes 1-4 lamp
replacements to notice picture quality reduction. Usually its
not a good idea to replace the LCD panel in the LCD projectors
as it is too expensive. We can say it is much better to buy a
new better projector adding just 50% of LCD panels price.
Chapter 1 2D Displays
are often very common in bars. The main reason for lamp life
being badly affected is initially because dust and smoke will
gradually accumulate inside the equipment, meaning that it will
start to cover and finally clog the intricate electronic
mechanism housed inside the projector.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projectors have a tendency to
be more adversely affected by the conditions inside bars and
clubs than Digital Light Processing (DLP) projectors.
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
3. High-weight
Three panel - bigger and heavier. Usually most of LCD projectors
are heavier and bigger compared to same range and similar
technical specifications DLP projectors, especially when the LCD
projector is used as a portable equipment.
4. High TCO
Air-filter means higher cost of fixing and general maintenance
and some audience think that it is the biggest disadvantages of
LCD structure equipment. LCD structure projectors displaying
systems arent sealed as in DLP structure equipment and the air
filters should be changed or cleaned periodically which increases
Total Cost of Ownership and also wastes the time.
5. Color decay
Yellow and green tint color decay in as little as 300 hours.
Unfortunately, this issue makes presentations much less
enjoyable.
6. Screen-door effect
High resolution LCD projectors might produce an error called
screen-door effect that is when the lines between pixels become
visible and as a result the lines included between pixels become
visible which in general makes it uncomfortable when we use it.
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1. Enterprises (Business)
Chapter 1 2D Displays
7. Dead pixels
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
2. Education
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3LCD Projectors
One of the most important and common
types of the LCD projectors is the one we are
going to introduce which is the 3LCD projectors.
3LCD is the name and brand of a major LCD
projection color image generation technology
used in modern digital projectors. 3LCD
Chapter 1 2D Displays
3. Home entertainment
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
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Advantages
People who support and prefer the 3LCD projectors and its technology
say that it has the following advantages which specialize it over other
competing technologies:
Chapter 1 2D Displays
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
1. Brightness of colors
3LCD projectors are capable of producing brighter colors
compared to many other types or other technologies in
projectors. This because 3LCD projectors mix and projects
the light beams from all three colors to from each individual
pixels color.
2. High color light
Most 3LCD projectors have higher color light than many
other types of projectors.
3. Avoid rainbow or break up effects
Some other types of projectors may make people see
something like a rainbow or a break up color effects
while viewing due to false colors briefly perceived when
either the image or the observer's eye is in motion. As all
three primary colors are projected all the time by 3LCD
projectors, so we can confirm that 3LCD projectors dont
suffer from this effect.
4. Power saving
They use less power compared to other types.
5. Natural images
The production of a very broad range of colors and detailed
gradation makes it possible to clearly display natural images
that are true to their initial colors.
6. Images that are gentle on eyes
since colors are reproduced by means of the three liquid
crystal panels, the images projected doesnt suffer from the
problem of color breakup* or annoying flicker and are free
of these disadvantages.
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Disadvantages
1. Old types of 3LCD projectors with large pixel pitches usually
have a "screen door effect".
2. The smallest single-chip DLP projectors are smaller than the
smallest 3LCD projector models.
3. Current LCOS projector models typically deliver sharper images
at higher resolutions than 3LCD projectors.
Chapter 1 2D Displays
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
LCOS technology is a technology that uses liquid crystal on
silicon (LCOS) as a display device. It is characterized by the extremely
large number of openings
on the surface of the
reflective LCD panel.
Because the circuits and the
switching elements are
etched underneath the
reflective layer, there is no
need for the BM (a lightblocking layer that prevents
light from falling on the pixel
transistor part), making for
a seamless projection of the
picture.
The CMOS chip in the LCOS cell controls the voltage on plates
found just below the chip surface, each of them controlling single pixel.
For example, chip with XGA resolution is having 1024x768 plates,
everyone with an independently accessible voltage. A common voltage
for all the pixels is supplied by a transparent conductive layer made of
indium tin oxide on the cover glass.
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
1. Limited lifetime
Similarly like the LCD projectors but in case of LCOS
they suffer from a limited life time lamp.
2. Low contrast ratio
As the technology behind LCOS projectors builds upon
both LCD and DLP projection, it has a combination or
we can say a mixture of the disadvantages of both
technologies. Notably, contrast ratios in LCOS
projection tend to be lower than those of LCD and DLP
technologies.
3. Difficulty of manufacturing
LCOS systems aren't as common as other display
types. The reason for this is that LCOS micro devices
are difficult to manufacture, and each set requires
three of these. Many companies, including Intel, have
tried to manufacture LCOS systems and have
abandoned their efforts after continuously low yields in
production.
4. Bad black level
Most LCOS projector systems don't have a very
accepted black level, or capable of producing the
color black. Televisions having weak black level usually
not able of producing as much contrast or detail as
those with good black level. Because LCOS projectors
use three micro devices instead of one, they also tend
to be heavy and big in size. Most need periodic lamp
replacement, which isnt cheap and affordable and
may cost several hundred dollars.
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
5. Color breakup
In case of the frequency of the color fields is less than
about 540 Hz, an effect known as color breakup
appears, where fake and false colors are briefly
displayed if either the image or the viewer's eye is
moving.
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
(LED) Stands for light-emitting diode" it's Consists of a two
semiconductors source lighting. Looks like a basic diode P-N junction.
However, the LED emits light as well. When the LED anode lead has a
voltage that is more positive than the cathode lead by at least forward
voltage drop, current passes. Electrons are able to recombine with
holes within the device, releasing the energy in its form of the photons.
This effect we call it electroluminescence, and is determined by the
color of light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) through the
band gap energy in semiconductors.
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
1. Long life
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
1. Brilliant Color
Most colors Brilliant Color technology, DLP projectors,
which increases the performance and image quality.
Improve the Brilliant Color technology provides up to 6
colors color handling and design of reliable and accurate
color stretch hours.1. The technology of DLP Brilliant Color
display devices with a wide range of colors, allowing the
production of more colors than 1 billion. DLP depends not
only treatment being RGB (red, green, blue), but also
supports the responsible processing of yellow, cyan and
magenta. This treatment is for the reproduction of skin
tones, as well as the millions of colors to match the colors.
If it is a fast moving scene, you will feel as if you are in
freeze scene without any motion blur seen with other
technologies. Watch movies on your computer and surf the
Web, play your favorite games, and even reply to email-in a
great many.
Full HD DLP projectors are taking the home theater forward
the next level movies and games come to life with perfect
vibrant and realistic colors & images. Full HD 1080 p
technologies is offering an impeccable amazing image
quality combined with its performance of the award-winning
DLP cinema technologies. HDMI or DVI are a digital signal
generates a true digital projection system, which produces a
real spectacular demonstration of high definition. This
unprecedented combination offers natural life and different
images in crystal clear & pure quality.
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
"rainbow effect" with the action sequences. If the picture on the screen
of the DLP move too quickly, can be seen occasionally scenes for
color.
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
The video display color laser uses two or more separately
modulated optical radiation (lasers) of different colors to produce a
scanned in and projected on a less effective means of opto-electronic,
or polygon mirror system to produce a color screen. Systems work,
either through the entire image at the same time the survey point and
modulation of the laser directly at high frequencies, such as the
electron beam in the CRT so much, or by publishing visually and then
modulating the laser scan line at a time, the same line in the same way
the modulation with digital light processing (DLP). A special case of
the reduction system to screen monochrome display, for example, a
black and white television. This principle applies to the display, as well
as projection (front or back) with a laser (laser video projector).
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
Without the lens, is the warp does not distort from normal display
devices, to make demands of us, screen in the location that is laser
projection, even if the "card" problem in the corner of the picture there
is no projection. Projection engineering produces so weird, like a bow
and even a round screen, laser projection is a mysterious phenomenon
everywhere.
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
they must still depending on the number of hours that will replace
specified by the manufacturer.
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Chapter 1 2D Displays
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Chapter 2
2D-3D Displays
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Complementary Color
It employs the tristimulus theory The human eye has three kinds
of cone cells, that responds to three colors red, green, and blue so
by employing the red that let only the red light pass and cyan that lets
green and blue pass and thus letting all the light waves pass but its
different for each eye.
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It have 4 types:
1. Monochromatic (black and white) Anaglyphs
Both views black and white. Then one is saturated red, and
the other blue.
2. R/GB Split Anaglyphs
One view is saturated red. The other view blue. Then the red
plane of one image replaces the red plane of the other
image.
ColorCode 3-D
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fact that the amber filter let most of the light wave lengths pass while
the blue leaks some of the wave length the hue and saturation can be
easily adjusted.
Inficolor3D
Pros
The watcher without glasses will get the normal picture since its a
normal 2D LED, that technology got the console manufactures namely
Microsoft and Sony very excited because the can give their gamers with
normal displays the 3D experience that they were waiting for.
It process the image such that the left glass uses only the green
channel while the right lets blue and green the brain will combine them
to get nearly perfect pictures
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uses spectral comb filtering this technology is also known as "superanaglyph Due to its advanced form of spectral-multiplexing.
1. Home entertainment
3-D movies existed for a long time, but the rise of 3-D
movies came with Blu-ray disk it uses a technology called
Multiview Video Coding thats combines and encode the
encoding stereoscopic images that are taken by the multi
view cameras that capture the images and comprise it into
a single stream
2. Comics
The comics are printed on a color appropriate paper that
when seen by the filtered glass to produce 3-dimensional
but it needs to be carefully drown multiple times on layers of
acetate. While the first which makes it much harder to print
compared to normal comics
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Linear
It uses a couple of lenses each is polarized differently and the
light coming from the projector contains both of the polarizing
orientation and win it hits the lenses each one only let same polarized
light to pass and blocks the other light
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The disadvantage of that that head tilting even slightly will cause the
lenses to bleed over
Circular
Its very similar to the liner type but the light being projected is
circulating differently. The right lens only let the right rotating light pass
and block the other light while the left lens let the left spinning light
pass. This doesnt have the tilting problem that the liner had.
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1. The Frame rate must be doubled. Due to the fact that each eye
receives half of the frames.
2. It uses batteries and a lot of electronics which makes the glasses
heavy and very expensive.
3. The polarized lens will lead to a darker image which can be
adjusted by raising the display contrast.
4. The flicker might be noticeable.
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Parallax barrier
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each eye of the viewer see a different image each giving an illusion of
3D.
Advantages
Multiple viewing angels allow multiple users to view the same image.
Disadvantages
It has dead spots where you can only see 2D images.
Lenticular Arrays
Advantages
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Head Mounted
Displays (HMD) for short, is
a type of display which uses
a helmet or glasses to
submerge users into a virtual
display using the computer
or sometimes a chip
accompanying the device as
its video signal source. The
speakers may be included
with the display in the
helmets or is available as a headphone attached to the glasses. Small
LCD Screens are used to show the video signals. Other types of
screens may be used in it such as LED, CRT, or ED but is usually very
rare. There are also two types of HMDs, One using only one display for
only one eye which is called Monocular HMD, while the other uses two
display sources per eye which is called Binocular HMD. There are also
other types of HMD which will allow the user to see through the display
but we will discuss this type in later chapters.
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2. Uses in Simulation
HMDs are used in simulating real life situation to teach
trainees how to deal with such kind of situation when they
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1. Diffractive Waveguide
This technique uses leaning gratings to gather the light
entering the waveguide at certain angle, then, the light
moves through the waveguide using the scientific principle
of total internal reflection and then the light is reflected to
the eye. Unfortunately this technique has some let downs.
Firstly, it is too expensive to produce, secondly, it produces
non uniform and degraded colors. It also causes an issue
called rainbow effect due to the variation of reflection of
different spectral lines. It is also limited to small FOV due to
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2. Holographic Waveguide
3. Polarized Waveguide
The Polarized Waveguide technique reflects the image on
the eye using a multilayer coatings made of glass and
polarized reflectors. This technique showed improvements in
increasing the FOV, however it still suffers from the rainbow
effect. It is also difficult to release it to the consumer
market as it uses very delicate glass which is easily to be
broken and still too expensive to produce.
4. Reflective Waveguide
The Reflective Waveguide Technologies uses reflective
optical lenses to reflect light. It doesnt suffer from any color
degradation nor it is obligating delicate glass to be used in
manufacturing instead plastic could also could be used.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
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Chapter 3
Section 1
o Volumetric Display
3D Displays
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Section 3.1
Chapter 3 3D Displays
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Chapter 3 3D Displays
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Conclusion
Conclusion
Screen technologies are much varied than the average user thinks
3D technology is the future because a lot of companies are
investing into it
Other technologies keep evolving and changing to keep with the
user needs
The main factors that affect the designing of displays are: Price,
ease of use, compatibly and the role they were designed for.
Each technology has its advantages and draw backs but some
are designed to fit a certain role.
3D technology at the moment are mostly for large cinemas and
rich people only.
At the rate of competition between companies, the new
technologies are becoming cheaper and easier to obtain.
The two big pushing powers for 3D technology evolution are the
game industry and the need for accurate scientific modules.
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Glossary
Aspect Ratio: It is the ratio between the length and the width of a display device.
Contrast: It the difference between the black and white in an image or display.
Contrast Ratio: It is the ratio between the brightest white and the darkest black a
display could produce.
DPI: (Dots per Inch) It is the number of dots per inch of a display.
Frame Rate: It is the number of images a video source or display could produce in one
second. It is measure in Frames per Second (FPS).
Glossary
Color Depth / Bit Depth: It the number of bits used to represent a color in a single
pixel. It is measured in bits.
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Ghosting / Latency: It is the effect of slow response rate and blurring of images.
Image Retention: It is the persistence of an older displayed image on the screen even
if the image has changed or moved.
PPI: (Pixels per Inch) It is the number of pixels in one inch of a display. It is usually used
to measure the sharpness of the display.
Glossary
Refresh Rate: It is the number of times the displays draws the data given to it in one
second. It is measured in Hertz (HZ).
Response Rate: It the rate at which the screens pixel changes color. It is measured in
millisecond.
Stuck Pixels / Dead Pixels: It is a pixel which is stuck on one color, always bright lit, or
unlit.
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Viewing angle: It is the maximum angle you could look at display without the image
colors washout, disappear, or obtain negative colors.
Glossary
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References
http://www.varitronix.com/product/index.php?option=com_content&vie
w=article&id=40&Itemid=64
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode_display
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backlight
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesteric_liquid_crystal
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferro_Liquid_Display
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_television
http://www.epson.com/cgi-bin/Store/VideoLibrary/video/Featured/PowerLite-Home-Cinema-2D-and-3D-30203020e-Projector-ProductOverview/2013736941001?BV_UseBVCookie=yes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_display
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-screen_television_technology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Light_Processing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_examples
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_paper
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_Logic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferometric_modulator_display
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualcomm_Toq
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_paper
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrofluidic_display
https://toq.qualcomm.com/
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projector
http://www.cnet.com/news/projectors-vs-tvs-giant-screen-pros-andcons/
http://www.cnet.com/news/dont-buy-a-jumbo-lcd-tv-buy-aprojector/
http://www.cnet.com/news/led-lcd-vs-plasma-vs-lcd/
http://www.cnet.com/news/what-is-600hz/
http://www.cnet.com/news/what-is-oled-tv/
http://www.cnet.com/news/dlp-vs-lcd-vs-lcos-projector-tech-prosand-cons/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCD_projector
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3LCD
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_cinema
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_crystal_on_silicon
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_video_display
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroluminescent_display
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_viewpoint_television
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaglyph_3D
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autostereoscopy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automultiscopic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_display
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2D-plus-depth
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarized_3D_system
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_shutter_3D_system
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_display
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoscopy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autostereogram
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallax
http://www.vrs.org.uk/
http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Immersive_virtual_reality
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-mounted_display
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmet_mounted_display
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_reality
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screenless
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_retinal_display
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartglasses
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-up_display
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_head-mounted_display
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_imaging
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_resolution
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_resolution
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_depth
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refresh_rate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_rate
References
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/monitor2.htm
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/monitor4.htm
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http://computer.howstuffworks.com/monitor6.htm
http://optinvent.com/HUD-HMD-benchmark
References